Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 31 views

    Sustainable Energy For India's Rural Development

    Uploaded by

    Ajay Kotru
    The document summarizes problems in rural India such as lack of electricity and pollution from primitive cookstoves that lead to 300,000 deaths per year. It proposes decentralized, high-technology solutions for sustainable energy production from agriculture through liquid fuels, biogas, and electricity to provide rural wealth, employment, and address India's energy crisis and poverty issues affecting 60% of the rural population. Key solutions discussed include using agricultural residues to produce fuels and implementing efficient devices for lighting and cooking on fuels like ethanol and biogas.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Sustainable Energy For India's Rural Development

    Uploaded by

    Ajay Kotru
    31 views16 pages
    The document summarizes problems in rural India such as lack of electricity and pollution from primitive cookstoves that lead to 300,000 deaths per year. It proposes decentralized, high-technology solutions for sustainable energy production from agriculture through liquid fuels, biogas, and electricity to provide rural wealth, employment, and address India's energy crisis and poverty issues affecting 60% of the rural population. Key solutions discussed include using agricultural residues to produce fuels and implementing efficient devices for lighting and cooking on fuels like ethanol and biogas.

    Original Title

    China Talk

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document summarizes problems in rural India such as lack of electricity and pollution from primitive cookstoves that lead to 300,000 deaths per year. It proposes decentralized, high-technology solutions for sustainable energy production from agriculture through liquid fuels, biogas, and electricity to provide rural wealth, employment, and address India's energy crisis and poverty issues affecting 60% of the rural population. Key solutions discussed include using agricultural residues to produce fuels and implementing efficient devices for lighting and cooking on fuels like ethanol and biogas.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    31 views16 pages

    Sustainable Energy For India's Rural Development

    Uploaded by

    Ajay Kotru
    The document summarizes problems in rural India such as lack of electricity and pollution from primitive cookstoves that lead to 300,000 deaths per year. It proposes decentralized, high-technology solutions for sustainable energy production from agriculture through liquid fuels, biogas, and electricity to provide rural wealth, employment, and address India's energy crisis and poverty issues affecting 60% of the rural population. Key solutions discussed include using agricultural residues to produce fuels and implementing efficient devices for lighting and cooking on fuels like ethanol and biogas.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 16

    Sustainable Energy for Indias Rural Development

    Anil K Rajvanshi Nimbkar Agricultural Research Institute (NARI) Phaltan, Maharashtra, INDIA www.nariphaltan.org

    China 2007

    Structure of talk
    Present problems in rural India Decentralized high technology solutions
    Energy production from agriculture Energy devices for cooking and lighting

    Financial and other instruments Other issues

    China 2007

    Present problems in rural India


    60% of rural population (~ 400 million) in India live in primitive conditions. This sorry state exists even after 60 years of independence. No electricity and primitive cookstoves. Around 300,000 deaths/yr take place because of pollution. 54% of Indias population is below 25 years and most of them live in rural areas with very little employment opportunities. 1/4th of our population or 260 million live on < $ 1/day.
    China 2007 3

    Problems contd
    Because of rural poverty large scale migration to cities takes place leading to serious urban problems. Increased aspirations because of mass media are leading to social unrest. Riots in various cities. Release of bottled-up emotions. Spark could be from any source. Energy is the basis of life. Lack of it produces economic stagnation and social upheavals.
    China 2007 4

    Problems contd..
    Serious energy crisis in India. Per capita electricity in India 553 kWh/yr or 4% that in US and lowest in the world. In rural households 57 kWh/yr per capita electricity consumption. Linkage of HDI to electricity consumption. Last year India imported $ 45 b worth of petroleum products. Serious balance of payment problems. 8-9% p.a. growth in petroleum consumption. India and Chinas Oil consumption at present rate will create world wide crisis. WW III ? Need for alternatives.
    China 2007 5

    Governance
    All the above problems in India are result of nongovernance. Centralized production and control inherently leads to corruption. Decentralization leads to accountability. Governance is the first casualty of corruption. Multiple ministries in GOI has further compounded the problem. With proper governance, one of the best technological solutions for the above problems is energy production via agriculture. Energy from agriculture can provide rural wealth and create employment. Can bring 60% marginalized people into mainstream India, without which India cannot become an economic superpower.
    China 2007 6

    Energy Production
    India produces ~ 600-1000 million tons/yr of agricultural residues. Mostly burned in fields. Creates environmental pollution and loss of energy. In any agriculture 25-40% of produce is food and rest are residues. No remunerations from residues, hence farming is uneconomical. No industry can survive on such norms. Need for energy planners to seriously think of linking energy with agriculture. Residues for energy can give an extra income of $ 50-100/acre/season to the farmers. Insurance against distress sale of crops. With increased agriculture the residues will increase.
    China 2007 7

    Energy Production
    From crops and residues we can produce three types of fuel Liquid fuels like ethanol, biodiesel or pyrolysis oil. Gaseous fuel like methane (biogas). Electricity via biomass-based power plants. Residues can produce 156 b l/yr of ethanol which is 42% of Indias oil demand in 2012; or 80% of oil demand via pyrolysis oil; or 80,000 MW of electric power. Electricity and liquid fuel production in rural areas will bring tremendous wealth. In India it is estimated to be 10 billion dollars/yr. It can also provide 30 m jobs.
    China 2007 8

    Energy Production (cont..)


    With increased industrial demand for fuel and electricity, large tracts of farmlands may come under fuel crops. Issues of food vs. fuel. Need to develop multipurpose crops. NARIs work on Sweet sorghum. Jatropha for biodiesel on poor lands. million ha planted. Other non-edible oilseed crops needed. 50-60 biomass based power plants in India of 6-10 MW capacity. Many more to come because of Electricity Act and Taluka energy policy. For individual villages 500 kW strategy. Wind plants of 7200 MW. Major success in India. Farms and farmers are the backbone of any nation. They can produce food, fuel and hence wealth from the land.
    China 2007 9

    Water Issues
    Increased farming for energy production will require adequate water supply. Already water shortage though adequate rainfall. Rainwater harvesting provides the best solution. Need for setting up private rural water utilities. Some experiments in Rajasthan and Gujarat. Issues of ownership of water bodies need to be resolved. Water Act similar to Electricity Act needed. Use of flue gases from power generation can provide potable water. Combined electricity and water plants will improve overall efficiency.
    China 2007 10

    Development of Energy Devices


    High technology devices needed for rural areas. Resources and energy in dilute forms. Very efficient devices allow maximum energy and materials to be extracted for useful purposes. Hallmark of evolution is size reduction, increase in complexity and efficiency. All our modern devices follow this route. Sustainable size for high efficiency. Same strategy should be applied for lighting and cooking technology. 75% of total rural household energy in India is used for it.

    China 2007

    11

    Strategy for Lighting


    Liquid fuel lighting
    Use of nanotechnology and new materials can make liquid fuel lighting better than electricity. Details are in the paper. New lanterns running on home grown fuel like ethanol and biodiesel can help in rural lighting.

    Electricity based lighting


    Thermoelectric elements for cookstoves. Can produce 40-50 W power for small fans and LED. R&D needed in efficient batteries, ultra capacitors, paper thin batteries, etc . 10-30 W micro engines? No batteries needed. Human-powered small PMDC generators. Real play radios.
    China 2007

    Noorie lantern
    Lightweight 2 kg Light output ~ 1350 lm Runs on kerosene, diesel or low conc. ethanol Lighting and cooking Low cost ~ $15
    12

    Cooking Energy Strategy


    Gaseous and liquid fuels best. China and India pioneers in biogas technology. R&D required in high-tech biogas reactors and storage of biogas in hydrates, porous carbon, etc. Biotechnology for bacteria and nano materials for such structures. Scenario of a small utility in rural areas which processes waste into biogas and supplies it in small gas cylinders lined with storage materials. Will revolutionize rural cooking. Ethanol is an excellent fuel for cooking. 50% ethanol-water is easy to distill and a very safe mixture. Laws need to be modified for its availability for rural cooking and lighting.
    China 2007

    NARI alcohol stove


    50% (w/w) ethanol 0.7 - 2.5 kWth capacity Controllable flame Silent and easy to light Cost ~ $50/13

    Financial and other Instruments


    Subsidies, tax incentives and benefits have been used. Also need rural energy venture funds. Special packages for farmers to produce energy. Modern energy systems in rural areas need management and technology. Success of wind production in India. Partnership of corporations, NGOs and villagers needed. NARI/NFCL. Makes lot of business sense for corporate world. Need to curb the excessive profit making greed. Need for highly trained manpower for RT. Duplicate the performances of IT and BT sector.
    China 2007 14

    Other Issues
    There is a need to reduce our consumptive lifestyle. For rural areas urban lifestyle is role model. If we follow American lifestyle then we will need resources of 4 earths. A decent lifestyle is possible with energy consumption of 50-70 GJ/person/yr. US per capita consumption is 350 GJ and Indias is 18 GJ. This can happen when we become spiritual and hence internally secure. Motto of simple living and high thinking as guide for rural development work. Becoming sustainable in our personal lives and giving something back to the society will help make India and China a holistic and sustainable society and show the world a new way. Story
    China 2007 15

    Thank you
    www.nariphaltan.org www.nariphaltan.org/writings.htm

    China 2007

    16

    You might also like

    pFad - Phonifier reborn

    Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

    Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


    Alternative Proxies:

    Alternative Proxy

    pFad Proxy

    pFad v3 Proxy

    pFad v4 Proxy