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NUMERICAL APTITUDE I
METHODS OF FINDING THE SQUARE OF TWO-DIGIT NUMBERS: To find the square of any two digit number one can use (a + b) 2 = a 2 + 2ab + b 2 . Treat that b 2 , 2ab and a 2 respectively are the values obtained in the addition. While finding the square of a two digit number take the first digit as a and the second digit as b and then get the value of b 2 . If b 2 is a digit write it as the unit digit of the result. If b 2 is a two or three digit number write down only the last digit and the remaining value is the carry to the previous place. Similarly find the values of 2ab and a 2 and write down the values in the tens place and hundreds place respectively. Ex 1: Find the square of 83? Sol: Here a = 8 and b = 3
b2 = 9

(write 9in units place and no carry to previous place)

2ab = 2 8 3 = 48 (write 8 in tens place and4 the carry to the previous place)
a 2 = 8 2 = 64 + carry 4 = 68
The value of 83 2 = 6889

NOTE: To find the square of a number having 5 in the units place the following method can also be used. If the square of number is of the form K5 is to be found first write 5 2 i.e 25. Then find the value of K (K+1) and prefix this value to 25. The value so obtained is the value of (K 5) 2 . E.g. (1) Find the value of 65 2 Sol: The number is of the form (K 5) 2 where K = 6
(65) 2 = 6(6+1)| 5 2 = 4225

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METHOD OF FINDING THE SQUARE OF A THREE DIGIT NUMBER: To find the square of a three digit number, use a 2 - b 2 = (a + b) (a - b) + b 2 If a 2 is to be found where a is a three digit number first get the nearest hundreds value to a and find the difference between a and the hundreds value (say it is b) then write a 2 as a 2 = a 2 - b 2 + b 2 = (a + b) (a - b) + b 2 . Ex 2: Find the value of ( 217) 2 ? Sol: a = 217 the nearest hundreds value to 217 is 200
b = 217 - 200 = 17

217 2 = 217 2 - 17 2 + 17 2

= (217 + 17) (217 - 17) + 17 2 = 234 200 + 289 = 46800 + 289 =47089 Some facts about perfect square(s): (i) A perfect square can never end with 2, 3, 7, 8 or odd number of zeros. (ii) The square of an even number is an even number and that of an odd number is an odd number. (iii) If a perfect square has an odd digit in the units place then the digit in tens place is even. (iv) The number of decimal places of a decimal square is even. Method of finding the square root of a perfect square P: Step I: First arrive at the possible unit digits of the square root depending on the unit digit of the square (P) Unit square 1 4 9 6 5 digit of Unit digit of square root 1 or 9 2 or 8 3 or 7 4 or 6 5

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Step II: Now strike off the last two digits of P and look at the perfect square (K) which is less than or equal to the left out value. Then prefix the square root of K to the unit digits to get the two possible values for P . Step III: Then eliminate one of the possible values by using the square of the number which is in between the two possible values and ends with 5.

Ex 3: If (74) 2 is subtracted from the square of a number, the answer so obtained is 3740. What is the number? Sol: x be the number then
x 2 - 74 2 = 3740

x 2 = 3740 + 74 2

But 74 2 = 7 2 | 2 7 4 | 4 2 = 49 | 56 | 16 = 49 | 56 | 6
1

= 49 | 7 | 6
5

= 5476

x 2 = 3740 + 5476 = 9216

x=

9216

Step I: The perfect square ends with 6. Therefore its square root will end with 4 or 6.

/ / Step II: strike off the last two digits of 9216 (i.e 92 1 6 ).Then the left out value is 91.
The perfect square less than or equal to 92 is 81 and its square root is 9. Prefix 9 to both 4 and 6 to get two possible values 94 or 96. Step III: Now find (95) 2 = 9(9+1)| 5 2 = 9025
Q 9216 > 9025

9216 > 9025 = 95

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PROBLEMS 1.
54 5 + 150 + 21 = (?) 2

1) 21 ANSWER: 2

2)

21

3) 441 2

4) 441

5) 441

54 5 + 150 + 21 = 270 + 150 + 21 = 441

21 = (?) 2 ?=
21

2.

1764 576 + (4) 2 = (?) 2

1) 32 ANSWER: 1
1764 = 42

2) 36

3) 28

4) 24

5) 26

576 = 24

1764 576 + 4 2 = (?) 2

42 24 + 16 = (?) 2 1008 + 16 = (?)2 ? = 1024 = 32

3.

(74 676 ) ( 42 ? ) = 496

1) 1024 these ANSWER: 3

2) 1296

3) 1156

4) 1089

5) None of

74 676 = 74 26 = 1924

(74
?=

676 ( 42 ? ) = 496

(42 ? ) = 1924 496 = 1428

? = 342 = 1156

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4.

If (17 ) 2 is subtracted from the square of a number, the answer so obtained is

1232. What is the number? 1) 36 ANSWER: 4 Let x be the number then x 2 17 2 = 1232
x 2 = 1232 + 17 2 = 1232 + 289 = 1521
x = 1521 = 39

2) 42

3) 37

4) 39

5) 32

5.

2500 + 961 = (?) 2

1) 81 these ANSWER: 2
2500 = 50

2) 3

3) 6561

4) 9

5) None of

961 = 31

2500 + 961 = 50 + 31 = 81 = 9

9 = (?)2

?= 9=3

6.

97344 = ?

1) 302 these ANSWER: 5

2) 322

3) 292

4) 342

5) None of

The perfect square 97344 ends with 4 so its square root should end with either 2 or 8 After striking off last two digits the left out value will be 973 and the perfect square immediately less than 973 is 961. But and 318. But 3152 = 99225
99225 = 315
961 = 31. Now prefixing 31 to both 2 and 8 the possible numbers will be 312

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But 97344 < 99225
97344 < 99225

97344 should be 312

7.

5103 ? = ? 1575

1) 2725 ANSWER: 2
5103 ? = ? 1575

2) 2835

3) 2885

4) 2945

5) 2975

? ? = 5103 1575
? 2 = 5103 1575

?=

5103 1575

But 5103 = 63 81 and 1575 = 6325 ? = 63 81 63 25 = 63 9 5 = 2835

8.

972 ? = ? 75

1) 250 ANSWER: 3
972 ? = ? 75

2) 260

3) 270

4) 280

5) 320

? ? = 972 75
? = 972 75

But 972 = 3 324 and 75 = 3 25 ?=

9.

? + 45 = 6561

1) 784 ANSWER: 4
? + 45 =

2) 1024

3) 1156

4) 1296

5) 1444

6561

But

6561 = 81 ? + 45 = 81

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? = 81 45 = 36

? = 36 2 = 1296 10. (94 ) 2 + (?) 2 = (145 ) 2 (56 ) 2 3869 1) 5184 these ANSWER: 2
(94 ) 2 = 8836

2) 72

3) 84

4) 7056

5) None of

(145 ) 2 = 21025
(56 ) 2 = 3136

(94) 2 + (?) 2 = (145) 2 (56) 2 3869

8836 + (?) 2 = 21025 3136 3869

?=

5184 = 72

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