1

DETERMINATION OF FORMATION CONSTANT OF ACIDS & AMINO ACIDS

WITH TRANSITION AND INNER TRANSITION METALS BY PH METRY
Suresh D. Dhage and Gopal V. Mane
Email: sddhage@rediffmail.com
Department of Chemistry, SSJES, Arts ,Commerce & Science College,
Gangakhed-431514 Dist. Parbhani.(M.S.)India
Department of Chemistry, Mahatma Phule College, Ahmedpur- 413515 Dist. Latur(M.S.) India

ABSTRACT
The present work deals with the study of proton - ligands and metal- ligands of malic
acid,maleic acid and Glycine with Mn(II), Cu(II), Fe(III), Ni(II) and UO
2
(II). More over the
Binary chelate of carboxylic acids and amino acids have been studied with Lanthanides. The
metal ligands stability constant of Binary and ternary complexes were evaluated using Irving
Rossotti titration technique.

Key words : pH-metry , determination, binary, ternary, formation constants, Cu(II), Mn(II),
Fe(III), Ni(II) and UO
2
(II), complexes.

INTRODUCTION
Recently there has been considerable interest in the study of binary ternary and
quaternary complexes by pH metric method
1-4
.
The study of formation constants of metal-methionine and metal-methionine NTA
(Nitrilotriacetic acid) (binary and mixed) Complexes have been investigated by Praveen P.Singh
etal.
5
2
The study of Kinetic parameter and formation constants of ( Mn- antibiotics
cefoperazone) complexes Vis--vis Kinetics of electrode reaction have been investigated by
Farid Khan & Rakhi Agrawal
.6

The mixed ligand complexes of transition metals are comparatively less studied than inner
transition elements
7
. Ternary complexes of Ni
(II)
with glycine and glycinamide as primary ligands
and imidazole, histamine and L histidine as secondary ligands have been investigated by Nair
and Neelkantan
9
, Nair et al
10
.
The ternary complexes of Ni
(II)
and Cu
(II)
with Nicotinic acid as primary ligand and
imidazole, benzimidazole, histamine and L histidine as secondary ligands have been studied
potentiometrically
8
.
The study of stability constans of Mn
(II)
, Co
(II)
, Ni
(II)
, Cu
(II)
and Zn
(II)
with nitrilotriacetic
acid (NTA) and iminodiacetic acid (IMDA) as primary ligands and pyridoxine hydrochloride
(PHC) and ethambutol hydrochloride (EHC) as secondary ligands was reported by Patil etal
7
.
The stability constants of Mn
(II)
, Cu
(II)
, Ni
(II)
, Fe
(III)
and UO
2
have not reported in
literature. It was therefore of interest to study the stability constant of binary and ternary
complexes of these metal ions with ligands have studied using IrvingRossotti pH
metric titration teachique in aqueous medium in the present work.

EXPERIMENTAL
All the ligands was obtained from AR grade. NaClO
4
was used from fluka chemical.
NaOH was standardized by standard KHP from AR grade
12
. All other Solution were prepared in
doubly distilled water. The pHmetry measurement work carried out by using ELICO digital
model LI 120 pHmeter with glass calomel electrode with an accuracy of 0.01 of pH unit at
30 0.5
0
C was standardized against 0.05M KHP (4 pH) 0.01M borax solution (9.18 pH) for the
determination of protonligand stability constant of the secondary ligands and metal-ligands
3
stability constants of the binary and ternary complexes the following sets of solution were
prepared and titrated against stand. alkali solution.
Binary System
1] 2 10
1
M HClO
4

2] 2 10
1
M HClO
4
+ 1 10
2
M secondary ligands.
3] 2 10
1
M HClO
4
+ 1 10
2
M secondary ligands + 1 10
2
M metal ions.
Ternary System
1] 2 10
1
M HClO
4

2] 2 10
1
M HClO
4
+ 1 10
2
M secondary ligands.
3] 2 10
1
M HClO
4
+ 1 10
2
M primary ligands + 1 10
2
M metal ions.
4] 2 10
1
M HClO
4
+ 1 10
2
M primary ligands + 1 10
2
M secondary ligands +
1 10
2
M metal ions.

The ionic strength was mentioned constant by adding of (1M) NaClO
4
.
The ratio of metal (M) : Secondary ligand (L) was maintained at 1 : 5 in each of the
Binary system and ratio of metal : Primary ligands (A) : Secondary ligand (L) was
maintained at 1 : 5 : 5 in each of the ternary systems.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
ProtonLigand stability constants.
The plots of volume of alkali (NaOH) against pH meter readings were used to evaluate
the protonligand stability constants of malonic acid and oxalic acid. The deviation between free
acid titration curve & secondary ligand titration curve was used to evaluate the formation
functions
A
n .
4
The protonligand formation curves were then obtained by plotting the values of
A
n Vs pH-meter readings. From the graphs the values of log
H
1
K and log
H
2
K were evaluated by
half-integral method and pointwise calculation method and presented in Table 1.
Table I
PROTON LIGAND STABILITY CONSTANTS.
Temperature = 30 0.5
0
C. (=0.1M NaClO
4
)
Ligands
log
H
1
K log
H
2
K
Malonic acid
Malic acid
9.519
8.828
11.360
11.873
Maleic acid 8.550 11.934

Metal Ligand stability constants of Binary complexes.
The metal ligand stability constants of binary complexes were evaluated assuming that
the formation of hydrolysed products, polynuclear complexes, hydrogen and hydroxyl bearing
complexes were absent. An examination of titration curves indicated that ternary complex
formation has taken place in solution on the following grounds.



5

1] The metal titration curves showed displacement with respect to the ligand titration curves
along the volume axis. This indicated the affinity of ligand with metal ions which released
Protons and produced the volume difference (V
3
V
2
).
2] The colour change of the ligand was in presence of metal ions appeared showing the
formation of new species.
3] The hydrolysis of metal ions was suppressed due to complex formation and the
precipitation did not appear during the titrations.
From the ligand and metal titration curves the values of n and from that the values of pL
were obtained. The formation curves obtained were used to evaluate the metal. Ligand stability
constants by methods are presented in Table-II.
The variation of n was found to be 0 to 2 which indicated that the composition of
complexes was 1:5 in solution from table - II, it is obvious that the metal ligand stability
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constants of Malonic acid were greater than with repect to oxalic acid in every metal. The Irving
Williams order
13,14
of stability constants was followed by both ligands.
Table II
METAL LIGAND STABILITY CONSTANTS OF BINARY COMPLEXES.
Ligand
Stability constant log
M
1
K
Fe
(III)
UO
2(II)
Ni
(II)
Cu
(II)
Mn
(II)

Malonic acid 7.455 7.589 12.552 3.361 9.250
Malic acid 8.083 4.200 8.099 4.628 6.472
Maleic acid 5.151 5.264 6.081 4.892 6.386
Metal ligand stability constants of ternary complexes.
The metal ligand stability constants of the ternary complexes were evaluated assuming
that the formation of hydroxyl products, Polynuclear complexes hydrogen and hydroxyl bearing
complexes was absent. An examination of the titration curves indicated that ternary complex
formation has taken place in solution on the following grounds.
1] The ternary complex titration curves show displacement with primary complex titration
curves. The horizontal distance was measured between acid curves and the secondary
ligand curves (V
2
V
1
) and subtracted through the horizontal distance between ternary
complex curves and primary complex titration curves (V
3
V
2
) show a positive
difference which proves the earlier release of protons in the formation of ternary
complexes.
2] The hydrolysis of metal ions was suppressed and precipitation did not occur.
The values of n vary from 0 to 1, thus confirming the formation of 1 : 5 : 5 mixed
ligand complexes. The values of and have been evaluated from the formation
curves ( ) 0.5 n At . PL Vs n = in the formation curve, PL = log K. The log K values
were also evaluated by pointwise calculation method. The metalligand stability constant


ic

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of maleic acid and Maleic acid as secondary ligands and Glycine as primary ligands are
presented in Table 3.
TABLE 4
METAL LIGAND STABILITY CONSTANTS
Metal
Stability
Constant
Ligands
Glycine Alanine Malic
acid
Maleic
acid
Malonic
acid

La
(III)

M
1
K log
5.32 5.30 5.47 6.30 5.34
Ce
(III)

M
1
K log
5.40 5.42 5.76 6.61 5.72
Pr
(III)

M
1
K log
5.54 5.56 6.18 6.62 5.92
Nd
(III)

M
1
K log
5.64 5.66 6.75 6.78 6.01
Sm
(III)

M
1
K log
5.75 5.76 6.77 6.84 6.12
Eu
(III)

M
1
K log
5.80 5.82 6.82 6.98 6.10
Gd
(III)

M
1
K log
5.72 5.70 6.72 6.80 5.94
Tb
(III)

M
1
K log
5.92 5.93 6.92 7.10 6.26
Dy
(III)

M
1
K log
6.10 6.08 7.20 7.22 6.32

The Irving Williams natural order
13, 14
was observed in case of binary as well as ternary
complexes which is.
Mn
(II)
< Fe
(III)
< Ni
(II)
< Cu
(II)
< UO
2(II)

The aim of the study was to know the effects of binary and ternary ligands on metal
complexes. Malonic acid and oxalic acid are the efficient chelating agents for heavy metals &
8
Glycine is functions as antidote against heavy metals ions by forming stable co-ordination
compounds. The higher protonation values ( )
H
1
K log was assigned to theOH group.
Glycine and Alanine are ligands of novel type bearing NH
2
and
COOH groups. However, pH titration curves of this ligand show two well separated steps of
neutralisation and hence two protonation constants are calculated.
The ionization of Glycine and Alanine may be represented by the following equations:
( )
( )
H
1
H L
2 HL
2
2
K
2 2
CH COOH
CH COO
| |
NH NH

( )
( )
2
2
L
2 3
HL
CH COO CH CH COO
| |
NH NH
|
H
H
K

( )
( )
H
1
H L
2 HL
3 3
K
2 2
CH COOH CH COOH CH CH
| |
NH NH

( )
( )
2
2
L
3 3
HL
CH CH COO CH CH COO
| |
NH NH
|
H
H
K

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TABLE 4
STABILITY CONSTANTS OF MIXED LIGAND COMPLEXES
Metal ion Mixed ligand system
MXY
logK logK A
La
(III)
Glycine Malic acid
Glycine Maleic acid
Glycine Malonic acid

9.226
13.942
13.017

1.564
-2.322
-2.357

Ce
(III)
Glycine Malic acid
Glycine Maleic acid
Glycine Malonic acid

9.463
14.181
15.585

1.697
-2.171
-2.690

Pr
(III)
Glycine Malic acid
Glycine Maleic acid
Glycine Malonic acid

10.030
14.245
14.155

1.690
-2.085
-2.695

Nd
(III)
Glycine Malic acid
Glycine Maleic acid
Glycine Malonic acid

09.084
15.175
14.816

3.306
-2.755
-2.505

Sm
(III)
Glycine Malic acid
Glycine Maleic acid
Glycine Malonic acid

9.848
15.530
14.937

2.672
-4.465
-3.067




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The proton Ligand stability constants determined in this work were used through out the
calculations of Metal ligand stability constants as the latter were determined in an identical
experimental conditions to those for the former ones. The
M
1
K log values are discussed at the
appropriate place.
The present investigation was undertaken with a view to studying the stability constants
of mixed ligand complexes of the present ligand with rare earth metal ion by maintaining Metal :
Primary ligand : Secondary ligand ratio as 1 : 5 : 5 (M X = Y). The stability constants of the
mixed ligand Complexes have been computed by adopting an appropriate method proposed for
such a condition.
The relative order of stability of ternary chelates in terms of the metal ions as found in this work
is
La < Ce < Pr < Nd < Sm < Eu < Gd < Tb < Dy
which may be attributed to the decreasing size and increasing charge / radius ratio of metal ions.
It is an important observation in the present work that the calculation of
log K
MXY

a) in the slightly lower pH range ( )
MXY
log K' =
b) in the slightly higher pH range ( )
MXY
log K'' =
c) in the middle (chosen) pH range ( )
MXY
K log = that

MXY MXY
MXY
log K' log K''
log K
2
+

This method proved to be an additional check on the selection of the pH range chosen for
calculating an accurate stability constant of a mixed ligand complex species.




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REFERENCES
1] A.E. Martell, Stability constants, Vol. 17 and 25. The chemical society, London
(1964 and 1971).
2] A.E. Martell and R.M. Smith, Critical Stability Constants Amino acids,
NY (1974).
3] H. Sigel, Metal Ions in Biological systems2, Marcell Dekker, Ino.,
NY (1973).
4] M.T. Beck, Chemistry of complex equilibria, Van Nostand,
NY, (1970) P. 174.
5] P. P. Singh, J. Ind. Chem. Soc., 86,100 (2009)
6] F. Khan and R. Agrawal, J.Ind. Soc.,Chem., 86,83(2009)
7] A.B. Patil and T.H. Mhaske, Asian J. Chem., 14(1), 125(2002)
8] M.S. Nair and N. Kantan, Ind. J. Chem., 34 A, 576 (1998).
9] M.S. Nair and N. Kantan, Ind. J. Chem., 37 A, 1084 (1998)
10] M.S. Nair and N. Kantan, Ind. J. Chem., 38 A, 1307 (1999)
11] H. Irving and H.S. Rossotti, J. Chem. Soc., 76, 2904 (1954)
12] A. I. Vogel, A Test Book of quantitative Analysis, London (1961) P. 241.
13] H. Irving and R. J. P. Williams, Nature, 162, 746 (1948).
14] H. Irving and R. J. P. Williams, J. Chem. Soc., 3192 (1953)