Sibench Notes

SIBENCH
Introduction: (What is it? How does it work?)

SIBENCH is an emissions tester manufactured by SIEMENS. It measures the different volume concentrations of certain substances in the exhaust gasses using non-dispersive infra-red (NDIR) technology where concentrations of CO, CO2, NO and HC gasses are measured. We will use this to measure the emissions from our CHP engine and although it comes with a user interface programmed by SIEMENS we will attempt to interface it with labVIEW. NDIR technology consists of a broadband infrared (IR) emitter/source, an Optical Band Pass filter/wavelength filter, sample chamber or light tube and an IR detector. The wavelength range of the optical band pass filter must cover the wavelengths at which the gasses to be measured absorbs IR energy, which is usually wavelengths of 0.7 to 300 m. The gas is pumped into the sample chamber and depending on what gas it is, it absorbs a specific wavelength of IR energy. In parallel there is another chamber with an enclosed reference gas, typically nitrogen. Each IR sensor has a band pass filter attached to it which eliminates all light except the wavelength that the selected gas molecules can absorb. Ideally, other gas molecules do not absorb light at this wavelength, and do not affect the amount of light reaching the detector. It is important to account for possible cross sensitivity, for example H2O gas has a tendency to interfere with other gasses close to it in the IR spectrum. The cross sensitivity issue with H2O therefore makes it difficult to analyse for instance SO2 and NO2 in low concentrations using the NDIR technology. The signal is electronically processed from the IR sensor to develop gas concentration information reported in Vol % or parts per million (ppm). NDIR sensors can be used to measure practically all inorganic and organic gases, but are most often used for measuring carbon dioxide because no other sensing method works as simply and reliably for this gas. SIBENCH has a CO measuring range of 0 to 14 Vol % and a CO accuracy of 0.01 Vol %. The CO2 measuring range is from 0 to 18 Vol % and the CO2 accuracy is 0.3 Vol %. HC measuring range is 0 to 9999 volume ppm and the HC accuracy is 4 % volume ppm. The measuring range for NO is 0 to 5000 volume ppm and the NO accuracy is 25 volume ppm. References: http://www.automation.siemens.com/w1/automation-technology-sibench-19435.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nondispersive_infrared_sensor http://www.habmigern2003.info/future_trends/infrared_analyser/ndir/IR-Absorption-GB.html http://www.intl-lighttech.com/applications/light-source-apps/ndir-gas-sensor/ndir-gas-sensorindex
Set-up: (how to set up device, rs232)

Gas flow rate:
The gas flow rate through the SIBENCH must be between 0.5 l/min and 5 l/min. Larger flow rates cause internal cooling effects and thus change the zero point during the gas measurement. Lower flow rates result in unsatisfactory Error: Reference source not founds.
To achieve a higher speed of response, the flow can also be passed through the analyzer chambers in parallel. Particles: The gas to be measured must be well filtered. 100 % of 5 m particles must be retained. Humidity: Prior to entry in the SIBENCH, the moisture in the gas must be adequately reduced. This means that the dew point of the gas must be brought below the operating temperature of the SIBENCH by some means. No moisture can then condense in the SIBENCH. Pump: On the selection of the pump, it is to be ensured that its frequency of operation is as stable as possible. In this way the effects of vibration can be better eliminated. Due to compression, some pumps generate a gas temperature on their delivery side that is higher than that before the pump. This can lead to an increase in the dew point of the gas. It is to be ensured that this does not result in the condensation of water in the SIBENCH. Aerosols: Aerosols are very small particles of unburned fuel. They must be removed from the gas flow using suitable filtering. On entry into the analyzer chamber, aerosols impact the wall and collect. A film of dirt forms that causes increased water vapor interaction. Software how to set-up and use, the need for labVIEW?
SIBENCH PC User Program, Revision 1.0, 101373962.doc, 11/30/2001
3.3.4 Siemens SIBENCH
The SIBENCH is an NDIR-based microbench for measurement of CO, CO2 and HC and NO. The NDIR measurement is accomplished with a microflow detection method. CO, CO2 and HC are measured with divided detection cells placed in series with two sample cells. Energy from the infrared source passes through the first sample cell prior to entering the CO2 and CO detectors, respectively. The remaining infrared energy 29 is then transmitted through a second, longer sample cell before reaching the HC detector. The detection cells are divided into two chambers, which are connected via microflow sensors. A chopper wheel mechanically switches the light from the infrared source to
provide an AC signal. As infrared energy is absorbed by gas in a detection chamber, the pressure in that chamber increases. Gas flow is initiated across the sensor from the chamber with the higher pressure to the chamber with the lower pressure. The first chamber absorbs energy primarily around the center of the wavelength corresponding to those gases, while the second chamber absorbs mostly fringe wavelengths. A flow from the second to the first chamber when the light was switched on would indicate a candidate gas was present in the sample cell because energy closest to the center of the spectrum for that gas is absorbed most efficiently. NO is measured with a divided detection cell in a dedicated sample tube, using the same principle [27]. The Siemens SIBENCH is shown in Figure 4 below.

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SIBENCH

Introduction: (What is it? How does it work?)

Set-up: (how to set up device, rs232)

3.3.4 Siemens SIBENCH

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