MUSIC IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

GROUP 1 : IV ST. AMBROSE

IMPRESSIONISTIC MUSIC
A musical and poetic school of the late 19th century portrayed fleeting ideas and images Aimed at subjective and suggestive effects other than objective representation Makes use of dissonant (chords which are rough and unresolved in a series, thus weakening harmony Much attributed to Claude Debussy Goes hand in hand with painting in that, both tend to ignore or cover up rational

structure relationships.

EXPRESSIONISTIC MUSIC
Rite of Spring Filled with strange colors, distorted lines of sound, superimposed rhythms, and burst of cacophony First heard in 1913 Used polyrhythms, polytonal harmony, and unhackneyed instrumental combinations Seemed defiantly indifferent to tradition and heritage After 50 years, it no longer shocks people One of the masterpieces of the twentieth century

NEOCLASSICISTIC MUSIC
- light. - entertaining. -cool. - independent of its emotional content. -recognizes the fusion of traditional and modern music. Combination of the 18th and 19th century music. Flourished not only in Europe but also in the United States.

Involves change in melody, renunciation of subjectivity, reconquest of serenity, and collection of triads and diatonics. There was renewed interest in free flow and homophony. Interest in the traditional way of making music was revived. The use of woodwind instruments and brass instead of strings is typical to the neoclassicist music.

IGOR STRAVINSKY
Russian composer who composed Octet which is one of the earliest masterpieces of this new style. he employed the use of flute, clarinet, pair of bassoon, trumpet and trombones. Neoclassicism in music is seen in the compositions of foremost composers : 1. Francis Poulenc 2. Arthur Honegger 3. Richard Strauss 4. Paul Hindemith

Composers of the 20th and 21st Century

Gustav Mahler
- was a late-Romantic Austrian composer and one of the leading conductors of his generation.

Max Reger ( Johann Baptist Joseph Maximilian Reger )

- studied music in Munich and Wiesbaden with Hugo Riemann. From September 1901 he settled in Munich, where he obtained concert offers and where his rapid rise to fame began. During his first Munich season, Reger appeared in ten concerts as an organist, chamber pianist and accompanist. He continued to compose without interruption. From 1907 he worked in Leipzig, where he was music director of the university until 1908 and professor of composition at the conservatory until his death.

Erik Satie ( ric Alfred Leslie Satie )

- was a French composer and pianist. Satie was a colourful figure in the early 20th century Parisian avant-garde. His work was a precursor to later artistic movements such as minimalism, repetitive music, and the Theatre of the Absurd.

Maurice Ravel ( Joseph-Maurice Ravel )

- was a French composer known especially for his melodies, orchestral and instrumental

textures and effects. Much of his piano music, chamber music, vocal music and orchestral music has entered the standard concert repertoire.

Claude Debussy ( Achille Claude Debussy )

- was a French composer. Along with Maurice Ravel, he was one of the most prominent figures working within the field of impressionist music, though he himself intensely disliked the term when applied to his compositions. - his works include the Prelude to an Afternoon of a Faun, La Mer, Images, and Claire de Lune.

Arnold Schoenberg
- developed the twelve-tone technique, a widely influential compositional method of manipulating an ordered series of all twelve notes in the chromatic scale. He also coined the term developing variation, and was the first modern composer to embrace ways of developing motifs without resorting to the dominance of a centralized melodic idea.

Richard Strauss
- was a leading German composer of the late Romantic and early modern eras. He is known for his operas, which include Der Rosenkavalier and Salome; his Lieder, especially his Four Last Songs; and his tone poems and other orchestral works, such as Death and Transfiguration, Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks, Also sprach Zarathustra, An Alpine Symphony, and Metamorphosen.

Francis Poulenc ( Francis Jean Marcel Poulenc )

- was a French composer and a member of the French group Les Six. He composed solo piano music, chamber music, oratorio, choral music, opera, ballet music, and orchestral music. Critic Claude Rostand, in a July 1950 Paris-Presse article, coined the term "half monk, half thug" (translated by Ivry from "le moine et le voyou"), a phrase that would often be used to describe Poulenc.

Paul Hindemith
- is among the most significant German composers of his time. His early works are in a late romantic idiom, and he later produced expressionist works, rather in the style of early Arnold Schoenberg, before developing a leaner, contrapuntally complex style in the 1920s. This style has been described as neoclassical, but is very different from the works by Igor Stravinsky labeled with that term, owing more to the contrapuntal language of Bach than the Classical

clarity of Mozart.

Arthur Honegger
- was a Swiss composer, who was born in France and lived a large part of his life in Paris. He was a member of Les Six. His most frequently performed work is probably the orchestral work Pacific 231, which was inspired by the sound of a steam locomotive.

Igor Stravinsky ( Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky )

- the foremost neoclassicist in France. He employed the use of the flute, clarinet, pair of bassoon, trumoet, and trombones. - the Russian composer Stravinsky was the son of a leading bass at the Mariinsky theater in St. Petersburg. He used folk tunes, but not in any symphonic manner. His forms are additive rather than symphonic, created from placing blocks of materials together without disguising the joints. The binding energy is much more rhythmic than harmonic and the driving pulsations mark a crucial change in the nature of Western Music. His works include Firebird and The Rite of Spring.

Bela Bartok ( Bla Viktor Jnos Bartk )

- was a Hungarian composer and pianist. He is considered one of the most important composers of the 20th century and is regarded, along with Liszt, as Hungary's greatest composer (Gillies 2001). Through his collection and analytical study of folk music, he was one of the founders of ethnomusicology. His works include Hungarian Dances, Six Dances in Bulgarian Rhythm, and Children Pieces. His legacy is a collection of six books called Mikrokosmos for the Piano.

Charles Ives
- He is one of the first American composers of international renown, though Ives' music was largely ignored during his life, and many of his works went unperformed for many years. Over time, Ives came to be regarded as an "American Original". Ives combined the American popular and church-music traditions of his youth with European art music, and was among the first composers to engage in a systematic program of experimental music, with musical techniques including polytonality, polyrhythm, tone clusters, aleatoric elements, and quarter tones, foreshadowing many musical innovations of the 20th century. - His works are "Concord Sonata" for piano and "Three Places in New England" for orchestra.

John Williams
John Towner Williams (born February 8, 1932) is an American composer, conductor, and pianist. COMPOSED FILM SCORES: Star Wars saga, Jaws, Superman, the Indiana Jones films, E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, Hook, Jurassic Park, Schindler's List, War Horse, Home Alone and the first three Harry Potter films.

Max Richter
GERMAN-BORN BRITISH COMPOSER COMPOSITIONS: Memoryhouse (BBC, 2002), The Blue Notebooks (Fat Cat Records, 2004), Songs from Before (Fat Cat Records, 2006), 24 Postcards in Full Colour (Fat Cat Records, 2008), Infra (Fat Cat Records, 2010)

Philip Glass
Philip Glass (born January 31, 1937) is an American composer. One of the highest profile composers writing "classical" music today, he is often said to be one of the most influential composers of the late 20th century. COMPOSITIONS: Akhnaten Concerto for Violin and Orchestra No.2 The American Four Seasons Amoveo Anima Mundi Les Animaux Amoureux (Animals in Love) Another Look at Harmony - Part III Another Look at Harmony - Part IV Appomattox Arabesque in Memoriam

Anthony Braxton
Anthony Braxton (born June 4, 1945) is an American composer, saxophonist, clarinettist, flautist, pianist, and philosopher. Braxton's music is difficult to categorize, and because of this, he likes to reference his worksas simply "creative music He has claimed in numerous interviews that he is not a jazz musician

Philippine Music in the 20th Century Philippine Music in the Twentieth Century is said to be influenced by the Europeans and the Americans.
Symphonies
Taga-Ilog Symphony by Francisco Santiago (1889-1947) Symphony in C and Symphony no. 4 by Antonino Buenaventura (1904) Kayumanggi at Daklahi Symphonies by Alfredo Buenaventura (1929) Philippine Symphonies 1, 2 and 3 by Eliseo Pajara (1915-1984) Symphonies for Greatness by Rosendo Santos (1922) Symphonies of Rosalina Abejo (1922-1991)

Concertos
Most were for the piano Juan Hernandez (1882-1945) Francisco Buencamino Lucrino Sacramento Eliseo Pajaro Rosendo Santos

Suite - is an ordered set of instrumental or orchestral pieces normally performed in a concert

setting rather than as accompaniment; they may be extracts from a ballet music to a play opera, film or video game or they may be entirely original movements.

Cantata - a vocal composition with an instrumental accompaniment, typically in several

movements, often involving a choir.

Oratorio - large musical composition including an orchestra, a choir, and soloists. Kundiman - a genre of traditional Filipino love songs
NICANOR ABELARDO (1893-1934)
Mutya ng Pasig Nasaan Ka, Irog? Magbalik ka Hirang

FRANCISCO SANTIAGO
Pakiusap Madaling-Araw

Innovations
ELISEO PAJARO

Counterpoint Syncopation Diatonic Harmony

LUCRESIA KASILAG
NATIONAL ARTIST FIRST LADY OF PHILIPPINE MUSIC Popularized new sound with the use of different Asian and Western instruments & scales of different music

Other composers who popularized the neoclassical style

Manuel Maramba, Angel Pena, Rosendo Santos, Jerry Dadap and Alfredo Buenaventura

Jose Maceda
UGNAYAN involved 20 radio stations in Metro Manila, simultaneously played 20 recordings of sounds of different ethnic instruments UDLOT-UDLOT which was performed by 800 persons was first presented in the parking lot of CCP in 1975 His music was known as the NEW MUSIC

RAMON SANTOS (1941)

Used the timbre produced by traditional instruments in his DUNG DING NGA DIYAWA, and the instruments of China and Indonesia

FRANCISCO FELICIANO (1941)

Both Santos and Feliciano made use of traditional instruments in their compositions