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    Cryptography and Network Security

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    Vivek Verma
    IPSec provides authentication, confidentiality, and key management for IP packets. It uses Authentication Headers (AH) and Encapsulating Security Payloads (ESP) to provide integrity, authentication, and encryption. AH provides data integrity and authentication while ESP provides confidentiality and can also provide authentication. IPSec uses Security Associations to define security parameters for traffic flows. Oakley is used for key exchange while ISAKMP provides a framework for automated key management.

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    Cryptography and Network Security

    Uploaded by

    Vivek Verma
    38 views23 pages
    IPSec provides authentication, confidentiality, and key management for IP packets. It uses Authentication Headers (AH) and Encapsulating Security Payloads (ESP) to provide integrity, authentication, and encryption. AH provides data integrity and authentication while ESP provides confidentiality and can also provide authentication. IPSec uses Security Associations to define security parameters for traffic flows. Oakley is used for key exchange while ISAKMP provides a framework for automated key management.

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    ch16

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    IPSec provides authentication, confidentiality, and key management for IP packets. It uses Authentication Headers (AH) and Encapsulating Security Payloads (ESP) to provide integrity, authentication, and encryption. AH provides data integrity and authentication while ESP provides confidentiality and can also provide authentication. IPSec uses Security Associations to define security parameters for traffic flows. Oakley is used for key exchange while ISAKMP provides a framework for automated key management.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    38 views23 pages

    Cryptography and Network Security

    Uploaded by

    Vivek Verma
    IPSec provides authentication, confidentiality, and key management for IP packets. It uses Authentication Headers (AH) and Encapsulating Security Payloads (ESP) to provide integrity, authentication, and encryption. AH provides data integrity and authentication while ESP provides confidentiality and can also provide authentication. IPSec uses Security Associations to define security parameters for traffic flows. Oakley is used for key exchange while ISAKMP provides a framework for automated key management.

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    Cryptography and Network Security Chapter 16

    Chapter 16 IP Security
    If a secret piece of news is divulged by a spy before the time is ripe, he must be put to death, together with the man to whom the secret was told. The Art of War, Sun Tzu

    IP Security
    have

    a range of application specific security mechanisms


    eg. S/MIME, PGP, Kerberos, SSL/HTTPS

    however

    there are security concerns that cut across protocol layers would like security implemented by the network for all applications

    IPSec
    general

    IP Security mechanisms provides


    authentication confidentiality key management

    applicable

    to use over LANs, across public & private WANs, & for the Internet

    IPSec Uses

    Benefits of IPSec
    in

    a firewall/router provides strong security to all traffic crossing the perimeter in a firewall/router is resistant to bypass is below transport layer, hence transparent to applications can be transparent to end users can provide security for individual users secures routing architecture

    IP Security Architecture
    specification

    is quite complex defined in numerous RFCs


    incl. RFC 2401/2402/2406/2408 many others, grouped by category

    mandatory

    in IPv6, optional in IPv4 have two security header extensions:

    Authentication Header (AH) Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)

    IPSec Services
    Access

    control Connectionless integrity Data origin authentication Rejection of replayed packets

    a form of partial sequence integrity

    Confidentiality

    (encryption) Limited traffic flow confidentiality

    Security Associations
    a

    one-way relationship between sender & receiver that affords security for traffic flow defined by 3 parameters:

    Security Parameters Index (SPI) IP Destination Address Security Protocol Identifier

    has

    a number of other parameters a database of Security Associations

    seq no, AH & EH info, lifetime etc

    have

    Authentication Header (AH)


    provides

    support for data integrity & authentication of IP packets


    end system/router can authenticate user/app prevents address spoofing attacks by tracking sequence numbers

    based

    on use of a MAC must share a secret key

    HMAC-MD5-96 or HMAC-SHA-1-96

    parties

    Authentication Header

    Transport & Tunnel Modes

    Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)

    provides message content confidentiality & limited traffic flow confidentiality can optionally provide the same authentication services as AH supports range of ciphers, modes, padding

    incl. DES, Triple-DES, RC5, IDEA, CAST etc CBC & other modes padding needed to fill blocksize, fields, for traffic flow

    Encapsulating Security Payload

    Transport vs Tunnel Mode ESP


    transport

    mode is used to encrypt & optionally authenticate IP data


    data protected but header left in clear can do traffic analysis but is efficient good for ESP host to host traffic

    tunnel

    mode encrypts entire IP packet

    add new header for next hop good for VPNs, gateway to gateway security

    Combining Security Associations


    SAs

    can implement either AH or ESP to implement both need to combine SAs


    form a security association bundle may terminate at different or same endpoints combined by
    transport adjacency iterated tunneling

    issue

    of authentication & encryption order

    Combining Security Associations

    Key Management
    handles

    key generation & distribution typically need 2 pairs of keys


    2 per direction for AH & ESP
    manual

    key management key management

    sysadmin manually configures every system automated system for on demand creation of keys for SAs in large systems has Oakley & ISAKMP elements

    automated

    Oakley
    a

    key exchange protocol based on Diffie-Hellman key exchange adds features to address weaknesses

    cookies, groups (global params), nonces, DH key exchange with authentication

    can

    use arithmetic in prime fields or elliptic curve fields

    ISAKMP
    Internet

    Security Association and Key Management Protocol provides framework for key management defines procedures and packet formats to establish, negotiate, modify, & delete SAs independent of key exchange protocol, encryption alg, & authentication method

    ISAKMP

    ISAKMP Payloads & Exchanges


    have

    a number of ISAKMP payload types:

    Security, Proposal, Transform, Key, Identification, Certificate, Certificate, Hash, Signature, Nonce, Notification, Delete

    ISAKMP has framework for 5 types of message exchanges:

    base, identity protection, authentication only, aggressive, informational

    Summary
    have

    considered:

    IPSec security framework AH ESP key management & Oakley/ISAKMP

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