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Application of Biomaterials

The document discusses knee replacement implants and the biomaterials used. A total knee replacement involves replacing three bone surfaces - the lower femur, top of the tibia, and back of the patella. The implants are made of metal (titanium alloy) and polyethylene. Polyethylene (UHMWPE) is tough, resistant to chemicals, and has low friction. It is used as a cushion between the metal components. Titanium alloy is biologically compatible and has great corrosion resistance making it an ideal implant material.

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NurmasturaHoney A'Razak
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278 views11 pages

Application of Biomaterials

The document discusses knee replacement implants and the biomaterials used. A total knee replacement involves replacing three bone surfaces - the lower femur, top of the tibia, and back of the patella. The implants are made of metal (titanium alloy) and polyethylene. Polyethylene (UHMWPE) is tough, resistant to chemicals, and has low friction. It is used as a cushion between the metal components. Titanium alloy is biologically compatible and has great corrosion resistance making it an ideal implant material.

Uploaded by

NurmasturaHoney A'Razak
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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APPLICATION OF BIOMATERIALS

KNEE REPLACEMENT IMPLANTS

INTRODUCTION
Knee replacement
a surgical procedure to replace the weight-bearing surfaces of the knee joint to relieve the pain and disability of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and traumatic injury.

Knee replacement surgery can be performed as :


a partial knee replacement a total knee replacement.

The surgery is to replace the diseased or damaged joint surfaces of the knee
with the metal and polymer components

ANATOMY OF KNEE
Knee is the largest and strongest joint in human body. The knee joint is where the lower end of the femur (thighbone) meets the upper end of the tibia (shinbone). The patella (kneecap) sits in front of the joint to provide some protection. A healthy knee lets the lower leg to move forward and backward, and swivel slightly to point the toes in or out. Ligaments and cartilage stabilize and support the joint, to prevent the knee from moving too far from side to side.

IMPLANTS COMPONENTS
Up to three bone surfaces may be replaced in a total knee replacement: The lower ends of the femur.
The metal femoral component curves around the end of the femur (thighbone).

The top surface of the tibia.


The tibial component is typically a flat metal platform with a cushion of strong, durable plastic, called polyethylene.

The back surface of the patella.


The patellar component is a dome-shaped piece of polyethylene that duplicates the shape of the patella (kneecap).

BIOMATERIALS IN KNEE REPLACEMENT


Metal (Titanium)

Polyethylene (UHMWPE)

POLYETHYLENE
Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is a subset of the thermoplastic polyethylene. It has extremely long chains Characteristics :
very tough material It is highly resistant to corrosive chemicals has extremely low moisture absorption a very low coefficient of friction It is odorless, tasteless, and nontoxic

STRUCTURE OF UHMWPE
UHMWPE is a type of polyolefin. It is made up of extremely long chains of polyethylene Van der Waals bonds between the molecules are relatively weak for each atom of overlap between the molecules Each chain is bonded to the others with so many Van der Waals bonds that the whole of the inter-molecule strength is high.

Structure of UHMWPE, with n greater than 100,000

PROPERTIES OF UHMWPE
Its melting point is around 144 to 152 C. It becomes brittles at temperatures below than 150 C. Under tensile load, it will deform continually as long as the stress is present.

METAL
Titanium Titanium alloys are bio-compatible in nature. There commonly contain amounts of vanadium and aluminium in addition to titanium. It have great corrosion resistance and making them inert biomaterial which means they will not change after being implanted in the body. It have lower density compared to other metals.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TITANIUM


It is a strong metal with low density It have relatively high melting point (more than 1650C) It have low electrical and thermal conductivity. Titanium is fairly hard, non-magnetic and a poor conductor of heat and electricity.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TITANIUM


it will oxidize immediately when exposed to air. it readily reacts with oxygen at 1200C in air, and at 610C in pure oxygen, forming titanium dioxide characteristics :
excellent resistance to corrosion it is soluble in concentrated acids. very reactive metal.

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