Definition of Islamic terms

Belief & Action

Seven Fundamental Beliefs in
Islam
Who is Allah?
The names Allah and
God
 How to benefit from Allah’s
Attributes?
 Attributes of Allah are not just for
us to know them or understand
them.
 But for us to ponder on them and
connect with them.
 Example:
 Allah is All-Seeing
 What does this attributes of Allah
mean to us?
 How should we live our life knowing
Allah is the sole Creator (Al
– Khaliq)
Allah doesn’t rest nor need
to get refreshed
 “Allah! There is no God but He. the Ever
Living, the One Who sustains and protects all
that exists. Neither slumber, nor sleep
overtake Him. To Him belongs whatever is in
the heavens and whatever is on earth.
 Who is he that can intercede with Him except
with His permission? He knows what happens
to them (His creatures) in this world, and what
will happen to them in the Hereafter . And
they will never compass anything of His
Knowledge except that which He wills.
 His throne extends over the heavens and the
Allah alone is worthy of
worship
Allah Begets not, nor is
begotten
None is equal to
Allah
Allah is All-Knowing (Al-
Khabir)
Allah is the Sustainer (Ar-
Razzaq)
Allah is the giver and
taker of life
Allah – The Judge on the Day of
Judgment
Allah is The First &
The Last
Allah is The Most
Loving
Names of Allah 1-10
Allah   The Greatest Name
The All-
Ar-Rahman 1
Compassionate
Ar-Rahim 2 The All-Merciful
Al-Malik 3 The Absolute Ruler
Al-Quddus 4 The Pure One
The Source of
As-Salam 5
Peace
The Inspirer of
Al-Mu'min 6
Faith
Al-Muhaymin 7 The Guardian
Al-'Aziz 8 The Victorious
Al-Jabbar 9 The Compeller
Al-Mutakabbir 10 The Greatest
Names of Allah 11-20
Al-Khaliq 11 The Creator
The Maker of
Al-Bari' 12
Order
The Shaper of
Al-Musawwir 13
Beauty
Al-Ghaffar 14 The Forgiving
Al-Qahhar 15 The Subduer
Al-Wahhab 16 The Giver of All
Ar-Razzaq 17 The Sustainer
Al-Fattah 18 The Opener
The Knower of
Al-'Alim 19
All
Al-Qabid 20 The Constrictor
Names of Allah 21-30
Al-Basit 21 The Reliever
Al-Khafid 22 The Abaser
Ar-Rafi' 23 The Exalter
The Bestower of
Al-Mu'izz 24
Honors
Al-Mudhill 25 The Humiliator
As-Sami 26 The Hearer of All
Al-Basir 27 The Seer of All
Al-Hakam 28 The Judge
Al-'Adl 29 The Just
Al-Latif 30 The Subtle One
Names of Allah 31-40
Al-Khabir 31 The All-Aware
Al-Halim 32 The Forebearing
Al-'Azim 33 The Magnificent
The Forgiver
Al-Ghafur 34 and Hider of
Faults
The Rewarder of
Ash-Shakur 35
Thankfulness
Al-'Ali 36 The Highest
Al-Kabir 37 The Greatest
Al-Hafiz 38 The Preserver
Al-Muqit 39 The Nourisher
Al-Hasib 40 The Accounter
Names of Allah 41-50
Al-Jalil 41 The Mighty
Al-Karim 42 The Generous
The Watchful
Ar-Raqib 43
One
The Responder to
Al-Mujib 44
Prayer
The All-
Al-Wasi' 45
Comprehending
The Perfectly
Al-Hakim 46
Wise
Al-Wadud 47 The Loving One
Al-Majíd 48 The Majestic One
Al-Ba'ith 49 The Resurrector
Ash-Shahid 50 The Witness
Names of Allah 51-60
Al- Haqq 51 The Truth
Al-Wakil 52 The Trustee
The Possessor of
Al-Qawi 53
All Strength
Al-Matin 54 The Forceful One
Al-Wáli 55 The Governor
Al-Hamid 56 The Praised One
Al-Muhsi 57 The Appraiser
Al-Mubdi 58 The Originator
Al-Mu'id 59 The Restorer
Al-Muhyi 60 The Giver of Life
Names of Allah 61-70
The Taker of
Al-Mumit 61
Life
The Ever
Al-Hayy 62
Living One
The Self-
Al-Qayyum 63
Existing One
Al-Wajid 64 The Finder
Al-Májid 65 The Glorious
Al-Wahid 66 The Only One
Al-Ahad 67 The One
The Satisfier
As-Samad 68
of All Needs
The All
Al-Qadir 69
Powerful
The Creator
Al-Muqtadir70
of All Power
 Names of Allah 71-80
Al-Muqaddim 71 The Expediter
Al-Mu'akhkhir72 The Delayer
Al-Awwal 73 The First
Al-Akhir 74 The Last
Az-Zahir 75 The Manifest One
Al-Batin 76 The Hidden One
The Protecting
Al-Walí 77
Friend
Al-Muta'ali 78 The Supreme One
Al-Barr 79 The Doer of Good
The Guide to
At-Tawwib 80
Repentance
Names of Allah 81-90
Al-Muntaqim 81 The Avenger
Al-Afu 82 The Forgiver
Ar-Ra'uf 83 The Clement
Malik al-Mulk 84 The Owner of All
The Lord of
Dhul-JalaliWal-Ikram
85 Majesty and
Bounty
The Equitable
Al-Muqsit 86
One
Al-Jami 87 The Gatherer
Al-Ghani 88 The Rich One
Al-Mughni 89 The Enricher
The Preventer of
Al-Mani' 90
Harm
Names of Allah 91-99

The Creator of
Ad-Darr 91
The Harmful
The Creator of
An-Nafi 92
Good
An-Nur 93 The Light
Al-Hadi 94 The Guide
Al-Badi 95 The Originator
The Everlasting
Al-Baqi 96
One
The Inheritor of
Al-Warith 97
All
The Righteous
Ar-Rashid 98
Teacher
The Patient
As-Sabur 99
One
The World of
What are Angels created
from?
Who are Jinns?
Angels are always obedient
to Allah
World of angels
Angels bowed down to
Adam
Was satan a fallen
angel?
Why did Allah make angels to
worship Adam?

 Allah commanded angels (and

satan) to prostrate to Adam.
 Allah wanted to honor Adam
(humans) as the best of HIS
creation.
 The arabic word used is ‘Sujood’ =
Prostrate
 Allah did not used the word
‘Abudoo’ = worship
 In many cultures, people bow down
to each other for respect. Are they
worshipping each other?
Some prominent Angels
Allah – The Best Guide

 Human beings, by nature are

fallible, short-sighted and frail.
 Human beings needs guidance.
 Allah is the Creator, Infallible, All-
Knowing, All-Wise & Perfect.
 Why need revelation when we have
human reasoning?
 Fact of life: Human knowledge is limited and fallible.
 Thus, infallible guidance is needed.
 Human reasoning sometimes cannot figure out the far
reaching negative consequence of their actions (tobacco
smoking, ozone layer depletions due to pollution, global
warming)
 Thus need guidance from an All-knowing entity to
provide perfect guidance.
 Revelation provides objective common moral values
(objective).
 Without objective moral values each group will claim
they are right and will try to impose it as correct thus
causing chaos. Gays will say homosexuality is Ok, and
non-gays will say it is forbidden…who is to decide etc.
Likewise there will always be a dividing line between
people regarding abortion….who is to decide….leads to
chaos on the society.
Science cannot provide all
answers
 Science cannot predicts the long term
consequences of an action.
 Science can change when new data is
discovered
 Science cannot satisfy spiritual and
emotional hunger.
 Science cannot provide answer to the
purpose of our existence.
Muslims are required to believe in all
the Books
And who believe in that which has been
revealed to
you (Muhammed) and that which was
revealed before you and they are sure of
the hereafter. (Quran 2.4)
The Messenger (Muhammad ) believes in
what has been sent down to him from his
Lord, and (so do) the believers. Each one
believes in Allah, His Angels, His Books, and
His Messengers. They say, "We make no
distinction between one another of His
Messengers" - and they say, "We hear, and
we obey. (Quran 2.285)
 Some Books sent by
Allah
 Tawrat – To Prophet Moses (Musa)
 Zabur – To Prophet David (Dawud)
 Injil – To Prophet Jesus (Isa)
 Quran – To Prophet Muhammed (s)
 Quran also mentions the Sahifa
(scrolls) of Ibrahim (Abraham)
Status of Books besides
the Quran
 What about the
 Bible?
Injeel, Taurat, Zabur etc. given to
Prophets Jesus, Moses and David were
pure words of Allah.
 Bible (Old Testament and New
Testaments) contains words of
historians, words of Prophets, words of
eyewitnesses and may contain words of
God.given to Moses, as mentioned in the
Taurat
Quran, is NOT synonymous with the first
five books of the Old Testament or the Old
Testament.
Injeel given to Jesus is NOT synonymous
with the New Testament or the four
Gospels.
 Allah appoints Prophets
 According to Islam, Allah appointed
124,000 Prophets for nations of the
past.
 Names of 25 Prophets are mentioned
in the Quran (Peace and blessings of
Allah on them)
 First Prophet – Adam (s)
 Last Prophet – Muhammed (s)
What was the religion of all the
Prophets?

Ibrahim (Abraham) was not a Jew nor a Christian

but he was (an) upright (man), a Muslim, and he was
not one of the polytheists. (Quran 3:67)
 Do Prophets commit sins?
 ‘No Prophet could (ever) be false to his trust…’(Quran
3.161)
 Prophets are infallible in the sense that they don’t
commit any sin deliberately
 But as humans they can make innocent errors of
judgment.
 Prophet Adam ‘forgot’ Allah’s warning against shaitan
(20:115) and so slipped into disobedience (2:36).
 Prophet Muhammad (s) made an error of judgment
concerning the blind man (80:1-10).
 If our role models are angels, then our complain will be,
‘well they are angels, they don’t commit sin…we can
never be like them’.
 If our role models are human beings committing major
sins, then our excuse will be…’why follow another
human being who is as bad as we are’.
 Thus, a prophet in Islam is a human being who refrains
from any major or deliberate sins, and also is a human
being prone to errors of judgment and then asking for
Allah’s forgiveness. Therefore prophets in Islam retain
Role of the Prophets
Last Prophet = Prophet
Muhammed (s)
 Important to follow the ‘Sunnah’ of
Prophet Muhammed (s)

 ‘Sunnah’ = Example of Prophet Muhammed

(s), his actions, his words, how he lived, his
approvals etc.
 Life history of none of the previous prophets
were preserved except that of Prophet
Muhammed.
 Every detail of his life is preserved
 Explanation of the Quran and how to
implement it in our life and society is
preserved.
Life is not fair!
Why believe in the Afterlife?
 Credible Book (Quran) mentioned
it
 All the prophecies of the Quran came true
as mentioned:
 Victory of Romans over Persians –
Prophesied in 614 CE, fulfilled in 623 cE
(Quran 30: 2-4)
 Body of Pharaoh will be preserved (10.92)
 Muslims will enter Makkah (Mecca)
victoriously (48.28-28)
 Humans will travel to space (55.33)
Logical Belief in the Hereafter
-1
Logical Belief in the Hereafter
-2
 Why believe in the Afterlife?
 Credible Person - Prophet
Muhammed -mentioned it
 He never lied in his life
 He was the most honest, just, sincere, best
person in the society
 Prophecies mentioned by him all came
true
 Martyrdom of Caliph Umar and Caliph Uthman
(Bukhari)
 Victory over Byzantine, Persia, Syria, Yemen,
Egypt (Muslims)
 Muslims will conquer Constantinople (Istanbul,
Turkey)
 Growth of Islam (Bukhari)
Why believe in the Afterlife?
 Quranic Verses on the
Hereafter
More than One third of the Quran deals
with life in the Hereafter!
 What! did you then think that
We(Allah – Plural of Authority) had
created you in vain and that you shall
not be returned to Us? (Quran 23.115)
 "And march forth in the way (to)
forgiveness from your Lord, and for
Paradise as wide as the heavens and
the earth, prepared for those who
have Taqwa (God-Consciousness)."
(3:133)
 Journey of a soul - Believer
1. Angle of death, Izraeel, extracts the soul
2. Pleasant Angels wraps up the soul, ascends
with it to seventh heaven.
3. Soul deeds will be registered in the book of
registry
4. Soul brought back to earth and returned to
body
5. Two angels will visit the grave and ask the
dead
• Who is your Lord, What is your religion, Who
is this man sent among you (Muhammed)?
• Grave will widen and window to paradise open
in the grave
• Time of Barzak – state between death and
resurrection
• Day of Resurrection
Journey of a soul - disbeliever
• Angle of death, Izraeel, extracts the soul –
Painful extraction
• Fierce Angels wraps up the soul, ascends with
it to seventh heaven.
• Soul deeds will be registered in the book of
registry
• Soul thrown back to earth and returned to
body
• Two angels will visit the grave and ask the
dead
Who is your Lord, What is your religion, Who
is this man sent among you (Muhammed)?
6. Grave will shrink and window to hell open in
the grave
7. Time of Barzak – state between death and
resurrection
8. Day of Resurrection
Without a Hereafter &
Accountability…
Firm belief in Hereafter &
Accountability will bring…
Definition: Qadar = Due
Measure
Belief in Qadar
 Free choice

 “And shown him (humans) the two

ways (good and evil)?” (Quran 90.10)
 “And say: “The truth is from your Lord.”
Then whosoever wills, let him believe;
and whosoever wills, let him disbelieve”
(18.29)
 Let there be no compulsion in religion:
Truth stands out clear from Error:
whoever rejects evil and believes in
Allah hath grasped the most
trustworthy hand-hold, that never
Things in which we DON’T have
a choice
 Our place of birth born
 Who we are born to
 Our time of birth
 Our gender
 Our skin color

Allah is All-Just (Al-‘Adl) and the Best Judge

Things where we DO have a
choice
 Acceptance or rejection of
monotheism
 Acceptance or rejection of
all Prophets including
Prophet Muhammed (s)
 Acceptance or rejection of
the guidance, the Dos and
Don’ts
 Our Actions
 Our Intentions
Quran – Guidance for
Humanity
Contact Info. for Islam