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    Definition of Motivation

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    Kenneth Lee
    Motivation refers to the direction, strength, and persistence of one's behavior when choices are available. Several theories provide frameworks for understanding motivation. Maslow's hierarchy of needs proposes that individuals fulfill needs in ascending order. Herzberg's two-factor theory separates motivational factors related to job performance from maintenance factors about the work environment. McGregor's Theory X sees people as inherently lazy while Theory Y sees them as willing to work if motivated properly. Skinner's operant conditioning model suggests behavior is shaped by its consequences in the environment. Vroom's expectancy theory proposes that effort, performance, and rewards determine motivation levels. Equity theory examines perceptions of fair treatment compared to others.

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    Definition of Motivation

    Uploaded by

    Kenneth Lee
    46 views9 pages
    Motivation refers to the direction, strength, and persistence of one's behavior when choices are available. Several theories provide frameworks for understanding motivation. Maslow's hierarchy of needs proposes that individuals fulfill needs in ascending order. Herzberg's two-factor theory separates motivational factors related to job performance from maintenance factors about the work environment. McGregor's Theory X sees people as inherently lazy while Theory Y sees them as willing to work if motivated properly. Skinner's operant conditioning model suggests behavior is shaped by its consequences in the environment. Vroom's expectancy theory proposes that effort, performance, and rewards determine motivation levels. Equity theory examines perceptions of fair treatment compared to others.

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    Motivation for Marine Business. Credits goes to Ngee Ann Polytechnic.

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    Motivation

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    Motivation refers to the direction, strength, and persistence of one's behavior when choices are available. Several theories provide frameworks for understanding motivation. Maslow's hierarchy of needs proposes that individuals fulfill needs in ascending order. Herzberg's two-factor theory separates motivational factors related to job performance from maintenance factors about the work environment. McGregor's Theory X sees people as inherently lazy while Theory Y sees them as willing to work if motivated properly. Skinner's operant conditioning model suggests behavior is shaped by its consequences in the environment. Vroom's expectancy theory proposes that effort, performance, and rewards determine motivation levels. Equity theory examines perceptions of fair treatment compared to others.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    46 views9 pages

    Definition of Motivation

    Uploaded by

    Kenneth Lee
    Motivation refers to the direction, strength, and persistence of one's behavior when choices are available. Several theories provide frameworks for understanding motivation. Maslow's hierarchy of needs proposes that individuals fulfill needs in ascending order. Herzberg's two-factor theory separates motivational factors related to job performance from maintenance factors about the work environment. McGregor's Theory X sees people as inherently lazy while Theory Y sees them as willing to work if motivated properly. Skinner's operant conditioning model suggests behavior is shaped by its consequences in the environment. Vroom's expectancy theory proposes that effort, performance, and rewards determine motivation levels. Equity theory examines perceptions of fair treatment compared to others.

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    DEFINITION OF MOTIVATION

    MOTIVATION REFERS TO : The direction of an individual's behaviour; that is, what one chooses to do when several alternatives are available. The strength of the behaviour once a choice is made; and The persistence of the behaviour.

    Motivation Theories
    Content
    The Hierarchy Of Needs Two Factor (Motivation - Hygiene) Theory McGregor's Theory X and Y

    Process
    Skinner's Operant Conditioning Theory Vroom's Expectancy Theory

    Equity Theory

    THE HIERACHY OF NEEDS


    by A H Maslow. individuals fulfilled needs in ascending order.

    TWO-FACTOR THEORY (MOTIVATION-HYGIENE)


    Ferderick Herzberg suggested that factors influencing behaviour on a job can be classified into

    MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS
    Motivational factors, such as achievement and responsibility are related directly to the job itself, the employee's performance on in, and the recognition and growth that is secured from it.

    MAINTENCE / HYGIENE FACTORS


    Maintenance/hygiene are related to the environment external to the job. e.g. company policy and working conditions as well as interpersonal relations with others. They do not increase motivation when they are not satisfied.

    MCGREGOR'S THEORY X AND THEORY Y


    THEORY X
    (1) A typical person has an inherent dislike for work and will avoid it if possible. (2) He must be coerced, controlled, directed and threatened with punishment to get them put forth adequate effort towards the achievement of organisational objectives. (3) The average person has relatively little ambition, dislike responsibility, and wants security above all.

    THEORY Y
    People enjoy work as naturally as they enjoy play. People are not by nature lazy or resistance to organisational needs. They are capable of excising self-control and self-direction if they are motivated to achieve a goal. Under proper conditions, the average person not only accepts but also seek responsibility.

    People's potential abilities are under utilised.

    SKINNER'S OPERANT CONDITIONING


    People are what they are because of their environment, not because of any internal drives, needs, or other unexplainable influences. An operant response is the desired behaviour probability followed by a pleasant experience. Since we prefer pleasure to pain, the subject repeats that which brings pleasure

    Expectancy Model
    Effort leads to performance Performance leads to reward Rewards available Effort level Knowledge , skills Peformance Reward

    Job constraints, role perception

    Perception

    $100

    $50

    10 hrs work

    5 hrs work

    As Perception : Were being treated equally

    $80

    $50

    10 hrs work

    5 hrs work

    As Perception : Im getting less than what I deserve

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