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    Thermochemistry Notes

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    Temperature measures average kinetic energy. OF temperature measured in Kelvin starts with absolute 0. (atomic / molecular motion stops) K = oC + 273. K = 253 K the temperature on the dark side of the moon can dip down to -153oC while the bright side can heat up to 107oC. Calorie and Calorie The calorie (cal) is a unit of heat. (1 cal = 1000 cal) the energy required to increase 1 gram of water by 1

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    Thermochemistry Notes

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    Temperature measures average kinetic energy. OF temperature measured in Kelvin starts with absolute 0. (atomic / molecular motion stops) K = oC + 273. K = 253 K the temperature on the dark side of the moon can dip down to -153oC while the bright side can heat up to 107oC. Calorie and Calorie The calorie (cal) is a unit of heat. (1 cal = 1000 cal) the energy required to increase 1 gram of water by 1

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    Temperature measures average kinetic energy. OF temperature measured in Kelvin starts with absolute 0. (atomic / molecular motion stops) K = oC + 273. K = 253 K the temperature on the dark side of the moon can dip down to -153oC while the bright side can heat up to 107oC. Calorie and Calorie The calorie (cal) is a unit of heat. (1 cal = 1000 cal) the energy required to increase 1 gram of water by 1

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    112 views28 pages

    Thermochemistry Notes

    Uploaded by

    api-182809945
    Temperature measures average kinetic energy. OF temperature measured in Kelvin starts with absolute 0. (atomic / molecular motion stops) K = oC + 273. K = 253 K the temperature on the dark side of the moon can dip down to -153oC while the bright side can heat up to 107oC. Calorie and Calorie The calorie (cal) is a unit of heat. (1 cal = 1000 cal) the energy required to increase 1 gram of water by 1

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 28

    Thermochemistry

    Unit 10 Temperature Phase Change

    Essential Questions

    How does energy flow through a system?

    Focus Question

    How do substances change from one state to another?

    Kinetic Theory
    Kinetic = Motion Kinetic Energy = Energy of Motion Kinetic theory states all gas particles:
    are in random, constant, straight-line motion are separated great distances relative to their size have perfectly elastic collisions (transfer of energy)

    Temperature

    Everywhere Else!

    USA

    Temperature measures average kinetic energy.

    9 = + 32 5

    Temperature measured in Kelvin starts with absolute 0. (atomic/molecular motion stops) = + 273.15

    As Cold As Ice!
    The interior of this Greenland iceberg is -4.0oF. What temperature is this in oC? 9 = + 32 5 9 4 = + 32 5 oC = -20 oC What temperature is this in K? = + 273.15 K = 253 K

    Dark Side of the Moon


    The temperature on the dark side of the moon can dip down to -153oC while the bright side can heat up to 107oC. What are these temperatures in oF?

    = 5 + 32
    9

    = 5 + 32
    9

    = 5 153 + 32 = 243

    = 5 107 + 32 = 225

    What is the difference between -153oC and 107oC in K? -153oC = 120 K 107oC = 380 K T = 380 K 120 K = 260 K

    Gas

    Phase Change

    Sublimation

    Deposition

    Liquid
    Solid

    Thermochemistry
    Unit 10 Cooling Curve

    Essential Questions

    How does energy flow through a system?

    Focus Question

    What doesnt temperature change during a phase change?

    Heating Curve
    150

    100

    50

    -50

    Heat Added (J)

    Thermochemistry
    Unit 10 Heat

    Essential Questions

    How does energy flow through a system?

    Focus Question

    How do express a quantity of heat?

    Cold! -20oC

    Hot! 40oC

    Heat (q) I am hot.

    Heat(q)

    Chillllll.

    System = Hot Cocao Surroundings = Winter Wonderland

    System = Lemonade Surroundings = The Equator

    calorie and Calorie


    The calorie (cal) is a unit of heat. (1 Cal = 1000 cal) the energy required to increase 1 gram of water by 1oC. Food Orange Apple McDonalds Med. French Fry Calories 65 110 450

    Joules
    The joule (J) is also unit of heat. 1 calorie = 4.18 joules How many calories are in 1 joule? 1 J = 0.239 cal

    How many joules are in our 65 Calorie orange? (Remember 1 Calorie = 1000 calories) 1 J = 0.239 cal

    Law of Conservation of Energy


    The total amount of energy in an isolated system remains constant over time.

    Specific heat
    Specific heat (C) is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of substance by 1oC.

    Cooking!

    2.81 J/goC

    2.64 J/goC

    3.35 J/goC

    3.06 J/goC

    Cooks Faster!!

    Measuring Heat Single phase

    q= mCT
    Heat (J) mass (g) Temperature Change (oC) Specific heat (J/goC)

    Example
    A bike with an aluminum frame is left outside in the sun. Over the course of 2 hours, the sun hits the bike with 40,000 Joules of heat. If the bike has a mass of 4,500g and aluminum has a specific heat of 0.90 J/goC, how much has the temperature changed? q=mCT q= 40,000J m= 4,500g C= 0.90 J/(1goC) T= ?

    40,000J = (4,500g)(0.90J/goC) T

    40,000J = (4,050J/oC) T
    9.9oC = T

    Your turn.
    The bleachers at Yankee Stadium have been sitting in the sun for 5 hours. By this time it has been struck by 3,630,000 Joules of heat. If the bench has a mass of 220,000g and has a specific heat of 1.10 J/goC, how much has the temperature changed? q=mCT q= 3,630,000J m= 220,000g C= 1.10 J/goC T= ?

    3,630,000J = (220,000g)(1.10J/goC) T

    3,630,000J = (242,000J/oC) T
    15.0oC = T

    Measuring Heat- Phase Change


    Enthalpy is the measure of energy for a system. We can use it to quantify the heat (q) associated with a phase change.

    Heat of Fusion
    Heat required to change a solid to a liquid (or vice versa) for a given amount of substance.

    q=mHf

    Heat of Vaporization
    Heat required to change a liquid to a gas (or vice versa) for a given about of substance.

    q=mHv

    Heat of Fusion Practice


    How much heat is required to melt 12 g of ice?
    q=Hfm q= ? Hf= 334 J/g m = 12 g q = (334 J/g)(12g) q = 4008 J

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