Determination of Fat Content: DR Savita Bhosale

Determination
of
Fat content
-By
Dr Savita Bhosale
Determination of Fat contents
Definition of fat:
• Oil or fat are esters of long-chain fatty acids.
• Oils and fats have saturated, monounsaturated

(MUFA), polyunsaturated (PUFA) and essential
fatty acids (EFA).
• The amount of fat content in vegetable oils, any

kind of fat or ghee can be calculated by just
selecting the type of oil or fat.
A few interesting facts
• Lipids at room temperature that are
solid are called fats while those that are
liquid are called oils.
•Food items such as sunflower oil,

gingley oil, soybean oil, fish etc.
containing Poly Unsaturated (PUFA)
should be preferred, yet consumed in
moderation.
• Substitute unsaturated fat - either Poly
Unsaturated (PUFA) or Mono Unsaturated
(MUFA). Keep your fat calories to about 15-
20% of your total calories.
• Trans fats are artificially hydrogenated oils

used primarily to extend the shelf life of
food. Extra hydrogen is pumped into
polyunsaturated vegetable oils to saturate
the carbon molecules in them.
Instruments for the determination
of fat contents
• The soxhlet method described here is
recognized by the association of official
analytical chemists(AOAC).as the
standard method for crude fat analysis. In
addition some rapid instrumental methods
are also approved by the AOAC
• As an example, FOSS has launched several types
of "Soxtec Systems" including automated or semi-
automated analyzers, which extract lipids rapidly
and accurately.
• These instruments perform boiling, rinsing and
solvent recovery. Similarly, Soxtherm extractors
from Gerhardt GmbH was developed to reduce
extraction times.
The Büchi Extraction System B-811 is an

automated system which can be used to perform
an extraction according to the original Soxhlet
principle. Four different extraction methods are
possible without making any changes to the unit :
Soxhlet standard, Soxhlet warm, hot extraction and
continuous extraction.
A schematic representation of a Soxhlet
extractor
1: Stirrer bar
2: Still pot
3: Distillation path
4: Thimble
5: Solid
6: Siphon top
7: Siphon exit
8: Expansion adapter
9: Condensor
10: Cooling water in
11: Cooling water out
Soxhlet
Apparatus
Application
• The soxhlet method for determining crude

fat content is a lengthy process requiring up
to a day for a single analysis. The solvent
extraction step alone takes six hours the
method is therefore not favoured for routine
testing purposes rather it is used as a
standard reference method.
Out line of Method
• Crude fat content is determined by extracting the fat
from the sample using a solvent then determining
the weight of the fat recovered the sample is
contained in a porous thimble that allows the solvent
to completely cover the sample the thimble is
contained in an extraction apparatus that enables the
solvent to be recycled over and over again .
• This extends the contact time between the solvent
and the sample & allows it time to dissolve all of the
fat contained the sample.
Method
Equipments
Round bottom flask 150ml
Soxhlet extractor with condeser 60ml
Heat source electrical heating mantle & steam bath.
Cleaned beaker 100ml
Reagents
Petroleum ether b.p 40-60oC or anhydrous ether
Ether
Procedure:5gm of sample in thimble
90ml of petroleum ether
extraction
Evaporation of steam bath
Disadvantage
• Despite disadvantages of this procedure poor
extraction of polar lipids,
• long time involved,
• large volumes of solvents,
• hazards of boiling solvents,
• several methods involving automatic solvent
extraction were described.
• Different automated or semi-automated
extraction instruments may be found on the
market.
Determination of Solid Fat Content (SFC) in Oils
and Fats by Spin Track NMR Analyzer
• Solid Fat Content (SFC) is the generally accepted
analysis of fats and oils in the food industry.
• The traditional methods for SFC determination are
slow, irreproducible and require additional
chemicals.
• Direct measurements of SFC by NMR can be
performed quickly and accurately.
• The Spin Track Portable NMR spectrometer is an
ideal instrument for SFC measurements because of
it's fine technical characteristics which make
measurements very reproducible and accurate.

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Determination

• Oils and fats have saturated, monounsaturated

• The amount of fat content in vegetable oils, any

•Food items such as sunflower oil,

• Trans fats are artificially hydrogenated oils

The Büchi Extraction System B-811 is an

• The soxhlet method for determining crude

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