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    Buckingham Pi Theorem

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    amdeva
    This document discusses using Buckingham Pi theorem to determine the dimensionless parameters that relate to pressure drop along a straight horizontal circular pipe. There are five original variables that pressure drop is a function of: pressure drop (Dp), density (r), averaged velocity (V), viscosity (m), pipe length (L), and pipe diameter (D). Buckingham Pi theorem states this can be reduced to three independent dimensionless groups. The analysis determines the three dimensionless groups are: the Reynolds number (Re), the ratio of pipe length to diameter (L/D), and the ratio of viscosity to the product of density and velocity (m/(rV)). Therefore, the pressure drop can be expressed as a function of just these two parameters.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    Buckingham Pi Theorem

    Uploaded by

    amdeva
    600 views4 pages
    This document discusses using Buckingham Pi theorem to determine the dimensionless parameters that relate to pressure drop along a straight horizontal circular pipe. There are five original variables that pressure drop is a function of: pressure drop (Dp), density (r), averaged velocity (V), viscosity (m), pipe length (L), and pipe diameter (D). Buckingham Pi theorem states this can be reduced to three independent dimensionless groups. The analysis determines the three dimensionless groups are: the Reynolds number (Re), the ratio of pipe length to diameter (L/D), and the ratio of viscosity to the product of density and velocity (m/(rV)). Therefore, the pressure drop can be expressed as a function of just these two parameters.

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    This document discusses using Buckingham Pi theorem to determine the dimensionless parameters that relate to pressure drop along a straight horizontal circular pipe. There are five original variables that pressure drop is a function of: pressure drop (Dp), density (r), averaged velocity (V), viscosity (m), pipe length (L), and pipe diameter (D). Buckingham Pi theorem states this can be reduced to three independent dimensionless groups. The analysis determines the three dimensionless groups are: the Reynolds number (Re), the ratio of pipe length to diameter (L/D), and the ratio of viscosity to the product of density and velocity (m/(rV)). Therefore, the pressure drop can be expressed as a function of just these two parameters.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    600 views4 pages

    Buckingham Pi Theorem

    Uploaded by

    amdeva
    This document discusses using Buckingham Pi theorem to determine the dimensionless parameters that relate to pressure drop along a straight horizontal circular pipe. There are five original variables that pressure drop is a function of: pressure drop (Dp), density (r), averaged velocity (V), viscosity (m), pipe length (L), and pipe diameter (D). Buckingham Pi theorem states this can be reduced to three independent dimensionless groups. The analysis determines the three dimensionless groups are: the Reynolds number (Re), the ratio of pipe length to diameter (L/D), and the ratio of viscosity to the product of density and velocity (m/(rV)). Therefore, the pressure drop can be expressed as a function of just these two parameters.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
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    At a glance
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    The pressure drop in a pipe depends on the Reynolds number and the ratio between the pipe's length and diameter.

    The primary dimensions involved are mass (M), length (L), and time (t).

    Three dimensionless pi groups can be formed since there are three primary dimensions.

    Buckingham Pi Theorem

    This example is the same as example 7.2 in the textbook except that we assume the pipe is a smooth pipe. Using Buckingham Pi theorem, determine the dimensionless P parameters involved in the problem of determining pressure drop along a straight horizontal circular pipe. D Dp

    L Relevant flow parameters: Dp pressure drop, r density, V averaged velocity, m viscosity, L pipe length, D pipe diameter. Therefore the pressure drop is a function of five variables. Dp=f1(r,V, m, L, D) See step 1 p. 300

    Buckingham theorem states that the total number of these relevant dimensional parameters (n) can be grouped into n-m independent dimensionless groups. The number m is usually equal to the minimum of independent dimensions required to specify the dimensions of all relevant parameters.

    Dimensional Analysis
    Primary dimensions M(mass), L(length), t(time), and T(temperature). Example: to describe the dimension of density r, we need M and L [r]=[M/L3], [Dp]=[F/A]=[ma/A]=[ML/t2/L2]=[M/(Lt2)] Similarly, [m]=[M/(Lt)], [V]=[L/t], [L]=[L], D=[L] See steps 2 & 3 in p. 301
    Therefore, there are a total of three (3) primary dimensions involved: M, L, and t. We should be able to reduce the total number of the dimensional parameters to (6-3)=3. Now, we need to select a set of dimensional parameters that collectively they includes all the primary dimensions. We will select three since we have three primary dimensions involved in the problem. See step 4 in p. 301 Special notes: do not include m into this set since it is usually less important compared to other parameters such as r (density), V(velocity) and a length scale. We will select r, V and D for this example

    P Groups
    Set up dimensionless P groups by combining the parameters selected previously with the other parameters (such as Dp, m and L in the present example), one at a time. Identify a total of n-m dimensionless P groups. You have to solve the dimensional equations to make sure all P groups are dimensionless. The first group: P1=raVbDcDp, a, b & c exponents are needed to nondimensionalize the group. In order to be dimensionless:

    M a L b c M 0 0 0 ] [ ] [ L ] [ ] M Lt 3 2 L t Lt So that a 1 0, -3a b c-1 0 & b+2 0 Solved a -1, b -2, c 0. Dp Therefore, the first P group is P1 r V2

    P Groups
    Use similar strategy, we can find the other two P groups: L rVD D The functional relationship can be written as P2 , P3 Dp m L P1 f 2 ( P 2 , P 3 ) or f2 ( , ) 2 rV rVD D Therefore, the pressure drop in the pipe is a function of only two parameters: the Reynolds number and the ratio between its length and diameter.
    It can be understood that the pressure drop is linearly proportional to the length of the pipe. This has also been confirmed experimentally. Therefore:

    Dp L L r VD f Re, f (Re), where Re 2 3 rV 2 D D m

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