Biomedical Instrumentation: Prof. Dr. Nizamettin AYDIN
Biomedical Instrumentation: Prof. Dr. Nizamettin AYDIN
Biomedical Instrumentation: Prof. Dr. Nizamettin AYDIN
Resting potentials
Forget the membrane and consider what factors determine the movement of ions in solution.
Aqueous diffusion and Electrophoretic movement
Resting potentials
0 mV
Resting potentials
0 mV
Resting potentials
-80 mV
Resting potentials
-80 mV
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-
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-
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7
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Resting potentials
-80 mV
+
-
+
8
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Resting potentials
Resting potentials
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Summary
The membrane conducts ions very poorly and allows the separation of ionic species.
This results in a potential difference between the outside and the inside of the membrane.
The magnitude of the resting potential is determined by the selective permeability of the membrane to ionic species. We can quantify the magnitude of the resting potential by considering both the diffusive and electrophoretic properties. In order to understand the time dependence and individual contributions of ionic species to the membrane potential it is convenient to use an electrical equivalent circuit.
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outside
+ + +
K+
+ + +
Cl
+ 12 + + + + + -
Membrane
-
inside
Na+
+ K
Cl-
Membrane is polarized
more negative particles in than out Bioelectric Potential
like a battery Potential for ion movement
current ~
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Bioelectric Potential
OUTSID E
POS
INSIDE
NEG
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Questions
What is the Bioelectric potentials? What is Membrane is polarization? Draw a graph of Resting membrane potential ? What are Resting Membrane Potential? Explain PROPOGATION OF POTENTIALS ?
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Biopotentials
ECG
electrocardiogrphy
EEG
electroencephalography
EMG
electromyography
ERG
electroretinograpy
EOG
electrooculography
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Frequencies of Biopotentials
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Electrocardiogram (ECG)
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EEG recording is done using a standard lead system called 10-20 system Recall dipole concept to identify source of brain activity
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Electromyogram (EMG)
Measures muscle activity Recordintramuscularly through needle electrodes Record surface EMG using electrodes on biceps,triceps Use in muscular disorders,muscle based prosthesis prosthetic arm, leg
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Questions
What is Electroretinogram Electroretinogram ? What is EEG? Draw a graph of Resting membrane potential ? What are the Frequencies of Biopotentials? Explain EMG
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Eectrodes
KINDS OF ELECTRODES
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Eectrodes
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Eectrodes
Figure A disposable surface electrode. A typical surface electrode used for ECG recording is made of Ag/AgCl. The electrodes are attached to the patients skin and can be easily removed.
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Sensors in Biomedical
sensor
Actuators
Displays May include
POWER/PRESSURE
Transducer Systems
Sensors Actuators
Interface Circuits
Power Supply
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Classification of Transducers
Transducers
Active/Passive
Primary/Secondary
Analogue/Digital
Capacitive Inductive Resistive Transducers may be classified according to their application, method of energy conversion, nature of the output signal, and so on.
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Questions
What is bio-potential ELECTRODES? What Transducer Systems? What are the KINDS OF ELECTRODES? Explain Classification of Transducers
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