Introduction to KPIs for UMTS

For more detailed information see T035 course.

Revision of protocol stack

Relay
MM/SM

Relay

Relay
MM/SM

RRC

NBAP

RRC RLC

NBAP

RANAP SCCP MTP3-b

GTP-C

RANAP SCCP MTP3-b SSCF-NNI SSCOP AAL5

GTP-C

RLC MAC
Physical Channels Physical Channels SSCF-UNI SSCOP AAL2

MAC

SSCF-UNI SSCOP AAL2

SSCF-NNI SSCOP

UDP

IP
AAL5

AAL5

W-CDMA

W-CDMA

ATM

ATM RNC

ATM SGSN

UE

Node B

KPIs for UMTS

RRC Connection Number of RRC connection requests

Number of RRC connection set up

Number of successful RRC connection establishments Number of RRC failures Number of release requests on Iu per cause
RNC
U
E

RRC Connection request-TM

Just some of many counters

RRC Connection Set up-UM RRC Connection Set up Complete-AM

RRC establishment Cause Originating Conversational Call Originating Streaming Originating Interactive Originating Background Terminating Conversational Call Terminating Streaming Terminating Interactive Terminating Background Emergency Call Inter-RAT Cell reselection Registration Detach Originating High Priority Signalling Originating Low PrioritySignalling Terminating High Priority Signalling Terminating Low PrioritySignalling

RRC Connection request

U
E

RNC

UE identity
Cause Protocol error

CHOICE IMSI TMSI + LAI PTMSI + RAI

This message can indicate

message rrcConnectionRequest : initialUE-Identity tmsi-and-LAI : { tmsi '10000111011100001001000101101011'B, lai { plmn-Identity { mcc { whether a protocol error occurred.

234
mnc { 20 lac '0000010010110000'B establishmentCause originatingHighPrioritySignalling, protocolErrorIndicator noError

1.RRC Connection Set up message

Uplink Power control Information Up Link Scrambling

Code

Long 016,777,215 1.max 6 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256

Power Control Algorithm 1 OR 2 TPC step size Power offsets from

pilot

Number DPDCH

Spreading Factor
Size of CRC Beta Parameters Transport /Logical
channel/ Physical Number

Information the UE requires from the Network (NOT A

COMPLETE LIST)

RNC

KPIs for UMTS

NBAP Radio Link Management Successful NBAP radio link setups

Number of failed NBAP radio-link setups

Number of successful NBAP radio link deletions Number of failed NBAP radio link deletions Just some of many NBAP counters

The Node B Application Part (NBAP)

Node B
FPs ALCAP NBAP NBAP

RNC
ALCAP FPs

The NBAP protocol is transmitted

over the Iub interface on its own PVC AAL5 on ATM.

AAL2

AAL5

AAL5

AAL5

AAL5

AAL2

The NBAP procedures can be split

into two types, common and dedicated. The common procedures are not related to a particular UE, where the dedicated procedures are related to a specific UE context.

ATM

ATM

ATM

ATM

ATM

ATM

PVC PVC SVC

Common Functions of NBAP include: Common transport channel

establishment, reconfiguration and removal.

Dedicated functions of NBAP include: Dedicated transport channel establishment, reconfiguration and removal. Downlink power control. Measurement handling of dedicated radio channels. Some control of compressed mode operations

Logical Operation and Maintenance

resource control.

Measurement handling of Common

Channels.

NEW NODE B-must have SC

etc
RNC

NBAP:UL initiating Message Id: audit required NBAP DL initiating message id audit start

With the Cell update

message, the RNC assigns:

Primary SC
NBAP UL successful outcome id audit end of audit(local cell
id)

Common channels Primary Synchronization

Channel

NBAP DL initiating Id cell set up Cell id = a Primary SC, Common Channels For each cell NBAP UL successful Outcome NBAP:DL initiating Message
id SIB update

Secondary synchronization
channel

Common Pilot channel Common Control Physical

channel (CCPCH) that carriers the broadcast channel

NBAP UL successful Outcome SIB update

UE

Node
B

RNC

RRC Connection Request NBAP Radio link setup request Minimum and Maximum DL power Power offsets PO1, PO2, PO3 TPC Step Sizes: 0.5,1,1.5, 2dB R N C NBAP

Step size Power adjustment is

contained in the RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST (NBAP). It cannot be reconfigured during connection.

Values are:

O.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 dB offsets

Downlink DPCCH power With the DL DPCCH are

the TFCI, Pilot and TPC. These can be transmitted at different power levels.

KPI-Number of failed NBAP radio-link setups- Major problem

PO1: TFCI PO2: TPC PO3: Pilot bits

ALL KPIs
UE
RRC

Node B
1. RACH: CCCH: RRC CONNECTION REQUEST <TM>

RNC

RRC 2. RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST

NBAP Start RX NBAP ALCAP ALCAP DCH-FP DCH-FP Start TX 8. FACH: CCCH: RRC CONNECTION SETUP <UM>

NBAP

3. RADIO LINK SETUP RESPONSE 4. ESTABLISH REQUEST (AAL2) 5. ESTABLISH CONFIRM (AAL2) 6. DOWNLINK SYNCHRONISATION 7. UPLINK SYNCHRONISATION

NBAP ALCAP ALCAP DCH-FP DCH-FP

RRC 9. INSYNCH IND

RRC

L1

L1 NBAP 10. RADIO LINK RESTORE INDICATION NBAP

RRC

11. DCCH: RRC CONNECTION SETUP COMPLETE <AM>

RRC

KPIs for UMTS

Node B Radio Wideband received power Transmitted carrier power

Just some of many counters

Received Total Wideband Power (RTWP)

If RTWP(dBM) < Max UP
Interference level

RRC is accepted Max Up Inter= -112 to -50 step 0.1

NBAP - Received Total Wideband Power

R N C

CCCH/RACH Connection Request

UL RTWP

Received total wideband power, including nose generated in the receiver. This measurement is used to filter RRC CONNECTION REQUESTS. If the RNC is going to accept message or not.

The overall UL interference received in a cell is evaluated with the UL RTWP with is measured by the node B and reported to the RNC through NBAP common measurement.
On the RACH reception, before allocating SRB, the RNC compares the RTWP with the maximum UL interference level parameter to decide whether to accept the RRC connection OR not.

Parameter Max UPLINK Interference

Range -112 ..50 (Step 0.1)

default -50

KPIs for UMTS

RNSAP Radio Link Management Number of successful RNSAP radio link set up Number of failed RNSAP radio link setups
Node B

Iub

Node B

RNC

Iu-CS

MSC/VLR

Node B

Iur
Node B

Gs

HLR

Just some of many RNAP counters

Uu

Node B

RNC

Iu-PS

SGSN

Gr

Node B

Gn

GGSN UE

The Radio Network Subsystem Application Part (RNSAP) The RNSAP protocol is mainly used for: Basic mobility procedures used in soft handover and relocation. Carrying RRC messages, bridging the gap between SRNC and CRNC. Establishment and release of dedicated channels between RNCs, as well as reconfiguration of
existing channels.

KPIs for UMTS

RRC Radio Link management Number of successful RRC active set updates per cell Number of successful RRC active set updates per RNC Number of failed RRC active set updates per cell Number of failed RRC active set updates per RNC Active set size Number of RRC state transitions from Cell_FACH to cell_DCH Number of RRC state transitions from Cell_DCH to cell_FACH Number of calls in cell_FACH state

Just some of many counters

KPIs for UMTS

RAB Management
Number of successful radio bearer establishments per cell Number of successful radio bearer establishments per RNC Number of refused radio bearer establishments per cell

Number of refused radio bearer establishments per RNC

Number of successful RAB releases Number of failed RAB releases Number of RAB failures due to UE capabilites Just some of many counters

KPIs for UMTS

Quality of service Number of successful downsizing per cell Number of successful downsizing per RNC

Number of successful up sizing per cell

Number of successful up sizing per RNC

Just some of many counters

Dedicated Channels DCH Uplink Downlink Fast Power Control Soft Handover Suited for Both FACH DL

Common Channels

Shared Channels

RACH UL

CPCH UL

DSCH DL

USCH UP TDD only

Yes

No

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

No

No

No

Medium or Large Data amounts

Small

Small

Small or Medium

Medium or large

Medium or large

Suited for bursty data

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

CELL_FACH state
UL or DL traffic

Cell_DCH
Threshold

Cell_FACH

Downsizing
timer

Upsizing

CELL_FACH state
Release
Shared Connection

Idle
mode

Establish shared
connection

Remove
token

Add token CELL_DCH AO

upsize

AO
downsize

CELL_FACH

KPIs for UMTS

Quality of service Number of free downlink channelization codes

Percentage of time a cell is congested

Percentage of time a cell is congested due to OVSF codes Percentage of time a cell is congested due to power Number of RAB assignments rejected for high priority users

Just some of many counters

KPIs for UMTS

Hard Handover Number of 3G to 2G handover requests per cell Number of 3G to 2G handover requests per RNC Number of failures

Just some of many counters

UMTS FDD Neighbour types

Intra-Frequency: UMTS to UMTS- Same Carrier Inter-Frequency: UMTS to UMTS- Between Carriers Inter-Mode: UMTS to UMTS- Between FDD and TDD Modes IRAT: UMTS to GSM

IRAT: GSM to UMTS

Hard Handover

During an HHO the used radio frequency of UE changes Break before make handover Not seamless UE stops transmission on one frequency before it moves to another frequency

CAN Make it more seamless

Use of compressed mode if: Both frequencies use overlapping compressed mode gaps and switch is done during gap-seamless

Eb/No
Eb/No Cell 1

Decision to HO to GSM

Eb/No Cell 2
Threshold

-20dB

Decision to HO to GSM

Threshold

Counter

Node B

Iub

R N C

Iu-CS

3G MSC
MAP

HLR

SS7 Network
BTS

BSC A-bis

2G MSC

Intersystem reporting events: 3A the estimated quality of the current used UTRAN frequency is below a certain threshold and and the estimated quality of the other system is above a certain threshold 3B - The estimated quality of the other system is below a certain threshold 3C The estimated quality of the other system is above a certain threshold

3D Change to best cell in other system

10ms

10ms

10ms
Extra Power needed for compressed mode

Normal Frame

Gap

Normal Frame

Compressed Frame

Same amount of data is transmitted in a shorter time. 10log10(15 slot/7 slot gap) = 2.7dB With 7 slot gap in 15 slot frame

KPIs for UMTS

Power Management Cell power used for speech calls Cell power used for data calls Cell power used for signalling

Cell power used for miscellaneous

TX power

Just some of many counters

Initial DL traffic channel power

Power
for SHO

When a traffic channel is setup it is done at a certain DL power.

Common Channel Power

Power = DL CPICH power + Ec/No target UE received CPICH pilot Example = 33 + ( -13) (- 10)

Maximum Power

Call
Admission

Power

Power for Data Power for

speech
Power For
signalling

= +30dB
= 33 + ( -13) - (-15) = +35dB

Power
for Overhead

KPIs
If one speech circuit is configured for 3dbm of power. How much power in dBm will 100 connections take in dBm?

KPIs for UMTS

Quality of service Number of successful IRM scheduling downgrades per cell
Number of failed IRM scheduling downgrades per cell

Just some of many counters

KPIs for UMTS

IRM scheduling The principle of IRM scheduling is that when experiencing power shortage: When the UE leaves the centre of the cell and reaches the cell edge it is a way to AVOID a DROP CALL.

Reducing power by reducing user bit

rate and increasing process gain.

Process gain = 10 log 384000/User bit rate

KPIs for UMTS

IRM scheduling The bearer downgrade maybe triggered by observing the BLER. When this exceeds a threshold, bad radio conditions are detected. If these radio conditions remain bad during a period of time, bearer fallback is triggered.

RNC Checks BLER

IRM scheduling

KPIs for UMTS

BLER
Target

Is based on detection of bad radio conditions due to layer 1. BLER increase for a period of time. The RNC reduces the Transport Format Combination set so limits the user bit rate.
Good radio conditions

SHO

384kbps

User rate
reduction

384kbps

KPIs for UMTS

Radio Measurements Uplink RSSI

CPICH Ec/No measurements

Compressed mode configuration success Compressed mode configuration failure

Just some of many counters

KPIs for UMTS

Node B ATM Number of received cells (AAL2) Number of lost packets(AAL2) Number of error AAL2 packets Number of invalid CID(AAL2) Number of received cells (AAL5) Number of lost packets(AAL5) Node B PCM Loss of incoming signal Alarm indication signal

Question?
If you are receiving an AIS alarm. What is the
problem?

Number of error AAL5 packets

Loss of cell delineation

What other KPIs will show? If you had a loss of signal in one
direction. What KPI will be set in the other?

Just some of many counters

KPIs for UMTS

Node B ATM

If you had the following KPIs.

Number of error AAL2 packets Number of invalid CID(AAL2) Number of lost packets(AAL5) Number of error AAL5 packets

Give a list of problems?

Node B ATM

KPIs for UMTS

LCD- loss of

Loss of cell delineation Major problem Cannot decode the HEC field- Result cannot find any ATM cell

Node B
48 Octet Payload

Iub

speech
5 Octet
Header

48 Octet Payload

5 Octet
Header

5 Octet
Header

48 Octet Payload

R N C

Iu-CS

Iu-PS

LCD- loss of
data and speech
5 Octet
Header

48 Octet Payload

LCD loss all

data

KPIs for UMTS

There are a number of KPIs regarding
Node B IMA:

IMA group unavailable seconds IMA group near end failures IMA link violations etc You require a good understanding of ATM
and SDH to understand these. Covered on the T035 course.

STM-1/4/16 PLMN may not

own this network

Iub (E1)
RNC

ATM ROUTER IMA Group

NODE B

AAL 2

5 Octet
Header

SDU

48 Octet
Payload

SDU

Why do we use AAL2 connections? Packet Fill Delay If the size of the mini packets is set to 12 bytes

Mini Cell Header

what will be the PFD for:

HEC UUI LI CID

5 5 6 8

What the function of

HEC

12kbps service 4.7kbps

KPIs for UMTS

Node B RACH RACH negative acknowledgements Number of accepted RACH

Just some of many counters

Transport Channels
Spreading/Modulation

RACH

CPCH

BCH

PCH

FACH

DSCH

DCH
PICH AICH DPCCH DPDCH PDSCH S-CCPCH P-CCPCH PCPCH PRACH P-SCH

Access preambles are sent using increasing power levels until a

matching response is received or the max number of preambles have been sent

S-SCH CPICH AP-AICH CD/CA-ICH

Physical Channels

SIB5

accessServiceClass-FDD availableSignatureEndIndex 15 assignedSubChannelNumber '1111'B

primaryCPICH-TX-Power 33, prach-PowerOffset {

preambleSignature Defines a set of allowed

signatures of the PRACH preamble part.

powerRampStep 2,
preambleRetransMax 64
Spreading/Modulation

RACH

CPCH

BCH

PCH

FACH

DSCH

DCH
PICH AICH DPCCH DPDCH PDSCH S-CCPCH P-CCPCH PCPCH PRACH P-SCH

rachSubChannels Defines the set of access slots on which the mobiles

are authorised to transmit their access on the PRACH.

S-SCH CPICH AP-AICH CD/CA-ICH

Physical Channels

KPIs for UMTS

Mobility Management Number of cell updates Number of cell update failures Number of failed RRC security mode command procedures Number of failed RANAP security mode command procedures

Just some of many counters

Without the Gs

SGSN
1. GPRS ATTACH REQUEST
(PTMSI/IMSI, Classmark, old RAI)

HLR

AUTHENTICATION

AUTHENTICATION

MSC
1. GMS ATTACH REQUEST
(PTMSI/IMSI, Classmark, old RAI)

HLR

AUTHENTICATION

AUTHENTICATION

With the Gs

SGSN
1. GPRS ATTACH REQUEST
(PTMSI/IMSI, Classmark, old RAI)

HLR

GS Interface
AUTHENTICATION

AUTHENTICATION

MSC

HLR

Network Operation Modes

Network Operation Mode GSM/GPRS Attach
Combined functions GSM (IMSI) Attach performed via GPRS Attach

RA/LA Updating
Combined functions GSM (LA) update performed via the RA Update

MS Paging

Co-ordinated Paging for GSM and GPRS on CCCH (PCH) or PPCH

Not Combined GSM (IMSI) Attach performed. GPRS Attach also performed Not Combined GSM (IMSI) Attach performed. GPRS Attach also performed

Not Combined GSM (LA) update via A-Interface GPRS (RA) update via Gb-Interface Not Combined GSM (LA) update via A-Interface GPRS (RA) update via Gb-Interface

Not Co-ordinated Paging for GSM on CCCH (PCH) Paging for GPRS on CCCH (PCH) Not Co-ordinated Paging for GSM on CCCH (PCH) Paging for GPRS on PPCH

Authentication
AUC/HLR SGSN MS

A3 Ki

SRES

(Signed response)

SRES value Returned to The SGSN

RAND

RAND
SRES=SRES Access Allowed
SRES=SRES Access Barred

A8
Authentication Key (Ki) (128 bits) stored in HLR/SIM

Kc

(Cipher Key)

THE END