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    Deck Timber

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    Tom Alex
    The document discusses regulations and codes of practice regarding timber deck cargoes. It provides considerations for securing deck cargoes including maintaining stability and adequate lashings. Specific guidelines are given for timber deck cargoes, including requirements for stowage height and extent, stability calculations, and securing with lashings and uprights. Case studies demonstrate hazards of cargo shift that can cause vessel listing and the need for measures to prevent shift such as dunnage and remote means of jettisoning cargo if necessary.

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    Deck Timber

    Uploaded by

    Tom Alex
    370 views79 pages
    The document discusses regulations and codes of practice regarding timber deck cargoes. It provides considerations for securing deck cargoes including maintaining stability and adequate lashings. Specific guidelines are given for timber deck cargoes, including requirements for stowage height and extent, stability calculations, and securing with lashings and uprights. Case studies demonstrate hazards of cargo shift that can cause vessel listing and the need for measures to prevent shift such as dunnage and remote means of jettisoning cargo if necessary.

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    Deck Timber

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    The document discusses regulations and codes of practice regarding timber deck cargoes. It provides considerations for securing deck cargoes including maintaining stability and adequate lashings. Specific guidelines are given for timber deck cargoes, including requirements for stowage height and extent, stability calculations, and securing with lashings and uprights. Case studies demonstrate hazards of cargo shift that can cause vessel listing and the need for measures to prevent shift such as dunnage and remote means of jettisoning cargo if necessary.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    370 views79 pages

    Deck Timber

    Uploaded by

    Tom Alex
    The document discusses regulations and codes of practice regarding timber deck cargoes. It provides considerations for securing deck cargoes including maintaining stability and adequate lashings. Specific guidelines are given for timber deck cargoes, including requirements for stowage height and extent, stability calculations, and securing with lashings and uprights. Case studies demonstrate hazards of cargo shift that can cause vessel listing and the need for measures to prevent shift such as dunnage and remote means of jettisoning cargo if necessary.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 79

    Regulations & Codes of Practice

    MS (Load Line) Regs 1998 - SI 2241 MS (Carriage of Cargoes ) Regs 1999 - SI 336 Code of Safe Practice for Ships Carrying Timber Deck Cargoes - IMO Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage & Securing - IMO

    Deck Cargoes

    Considerations for All Deck Cargo

    Deck Cargoes

    Load limits of deck & hatch lids Maintain adequate stability Maintain weathertight integrity Protect deck fittings Height of cargo Maintain safe access/movement Sufficiency of lashings & fittings

    Timber Deck Cargoes

    Timber Deck Cargoes


    Stowage - General
    Prior to loading: secure hatch covers & openings protect deck fittings remove accumulated ice & snow have lashings & uprights in position visual inspection of all securing points.

    Ensure solid stow during all stages of

    loading Prior to sailing:-

    carry out thorough inspection of the ship take soundings to verify watertight integrity.

    Timber Deck Cargoes


    Stowage - Height & Extent
    Restrict height to ensure: adequate visibility safe margin of stability throughout voyage deck load-limit is not exceeded Stow should not overhang ships side Max height of stow, if loading to winter

    marks, = 1/3 of beam.

    Problems at loading

    hazards to personnel

    Timber Deck Cargoes


    Stability Requirements
    Ship requires comprehensive stability information Stability must be calculated having regard to: water absorption ice accretion free surfaces in slack tanks trapped water within stow (especially logs) Minimum GM; 0.05m (see your stability lecturer!!!) Maximum GM; preferably </= 3% of beam Allow minimum 15% weight increase! Loading to cease if unexplained list develops

    Ice accretionnote the access

    Timber Deck Cargoes


    Timber Load Lines
    Special load lines assigned to ships complying with conditions as per the International Convention on Load Lines May only be utilised when stowage & securing

    complies with IMO Code. Allows a ship to load to a deeper draught, as: freeboard is effectively increased timber compensates for loss of reserve buoyancy

    Stowage - To Timber Load Lines Stow must extend: over entire wells as close as practicable to end bulkheads as close as possible to ships side at least to standard height of superstructure.

    Timber Deck Cargoes

    Packaged Timber on Deck Stowed to requirements of Load Line Regs and IMO Code of Practice

    Ship utilising timber load line

    Timber Deck Cargoes


    Securing - General
    Independent, overall lashings shackled to eyeplates on deck 19mm close link chain or wire rope with chain length Lashings less than 3m apart, OR; Less than 1.5m apart if stow higher than 4m Lashings as close as possible to ends of stow BS of all lashing components >/= 133 kN
    Max 2m from end of stow

    Timber Deck Cargoes


    Securing - General
    Where there is no end bulkhead
    Eyeplates & lashings 0.6m & 15m from end of timber cargo

    Timber Deck Cargoes


    Securing - General
    Tightening devices: easily accessible & capable of further tightening after initial securing Bulldog grips: min of 4, max 15cm apart Uprights fitted when required Hog lashings & wiggle wire may be required Lashing plans to be maintained.

    .chain tightener.

    Timber Deck Cargoes


    On Passage
    Tightening Lashings: Passage Planning & Ship Handling: Tightened at regular intervals; Log all adjustments and examinations. Monitor forecasts, avoid heavy weather; Reduce speed to minimise forces.

    Timber Deck Cargoes


    On Passage
    Listing on Passage Due To: Cargo shift; Water ingress; Angle of loll.

    Actions in all above cases??

    Scot Ranger listing to 300 after shift of deck cargo of timber in gale force winds, 1 December 2002

    MAIB Case Studies


    Shifted cargo leads to serious head injury

    No dunnage between packs

    Metal banding - steel to steel contact


    Additional means to prevent shift of cargo? Crew safety when releasing lashings

    Preventing transverse shift

    Cargo shift in heavy seas


    100 port list

    Webbing straps stretch more than wire/chain

    Additional means to prevent shift?


    Inadequate CSM

    Uprights

    Cargo shift 350 stbd list

    Cargo jettisoned uprights carried away


    No hog wires or upright brackets
    Remotely operated jettisoning system?

    The Kodima had been southbound for Biscay when deck stanchions securing an on deck timber cargo were carried away by extreme weather. The deck cargo rapidly began to shift causing the vessel to list dangerously as the Master attempted to find safety in Falmouth.

    No hog lashings

    Alteration of course/speed should be carefully judged


    Bad weather prevents tightening of lashings Remote means of jettisoning?

    Remote Jettisoning
    Cargo shift in Force 9 gales 200 port list Power failed when fuel tank flooded

    Two lashing released in extreme conditions Actions saved the ship Remote system would have reduced dangers

    Failed Timber Rail


    Steel bands touching insufficient dunnage
    Inadequate strength of timber rail No structural calculations carried out

    Slippery Plastic Covers

    Initial shift to port 100 list Stbd side ballasted Cargo shift to Stbd 200 list

    Low friction caused by plastic sheets

    Timber rail prevented further shift


    High friction coatings Use of dunnage

    Ballasting NOT to be used to bring vessel upright

    MAIB Recommendations
    Friction between cargoes and hatch covers Use of fabric lashings Uprights and hog lashings Remote means of jettisoning Use of structural steel rails Plastic covers Adequacy of current IMO provisions

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