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    Chapa 9 VSEPR B

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    JV Gamo
    VSEPR theory predicts molecular geometry based on electron pair repulsion. The more electron pairs around a central atom, the further they spread out in space. Molecular geometry must be determined before predicting if a molecule is polar or nonpolar. Valence bond theory describes how atomic orbitals combine to form hybrid orbitals that then form sigma and pi bonds between atoms.

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    Chapa 9 VSEPR B

    Uploaded by

    JV Gamo
    169 views44 pages
    VSEPR theory predicts molecular geometry based on electron pair repulsion. The more electron pairs around a central atom, the further they spread out in space. Molecular geometry must be determined before predicting if a molecule is polar or nonpolar. Valence bond theory describes how atomic orbitals combine to form hybrid orbitals that then form sigma and pi bonds between atoms.

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    VSEPR theory predicts molecular geometry based on electron pair repulsion. The more electron pairs around a central atom, the further they spread out in space. Molecular geometry must be determined before predicting if a molecule is polar or nonpolar. Valence bond theory describes how atomic orbitals combine to form hybrid orbitals that then form sigma and pi bonds between atoms.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    169 views44 pages

    Chapa 9 VSEPR B

    Uploaded by

    JV Gamo
    VSEPR theory predicts molecular geometry based on electron pair repulsion. The more electron pairs around a central atom, the further they spread out in space. Molecular geometry must be determined before predicting if a molecule is polar or nonpolar. Valence bond theory describes how atomic orbitals combine to form hybrid orbitals that then form sigma and pi bonds between atoms.

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 44

    molecular geometry the orientation of atoms in

    space (how the atoms are arranged in a molecule)

    VSEPR Theory Valence Shell Electron Pair


    Repulsion theory VSEPR is a simple, yet powerful technique to predict the molecular geometry of molecules e- pairs (bonding or nonbonding) repel each other. Thus, they attempt to get as far apart from each other as possible to maximize separation

    # e- pairs around central element

    shape

    geometry name

    angles

    2 pairs

    linear

    180

    3 pairs

    trigonal planar

    120

    4 pairs

    tetrahedral

    109.5

    electron pair geometry must be known before molecular geometry can be predicted To determine molecular geometry (MG) 1. draw the correct Lewis structure 2. determine # of electron pairs around the central element 3. determine how those electron pairs orient

    4. attach terminal atoms


    5. the orientation of the atoms in space determine the molecular geometry

    determine the molecular geometry of BCl3

    MG = trigonal planar

    determine the molecular geometry of BCl2- (anion)

    MG = bent

    bent = 3 atoms that are NOT linear

    determine the molecular geometry of H2O

    MG = bent

    determine the molecular geometry of NH3

    MG = pyramidal

    determine the molecular geometry of CH4

    MG = tetrahedral

    tetrahedral

    pyramidal

    bent

    multiple bonds in VSEPR theory


    * treat a double or triple bond as if it were a single bond from a VSEPR standpoint determine the molecular geometry of CO2

    MG = linear

    determine the molecular geometry of NO2- (anion)

    MG = bent

    Cl2
    the bond

    HCl

    nonpolar bond electrons are shared equally in

    polar bond electrons are NOT shared equally

    Br-Cl has a polar bond

    dipole moment quantitative extent to which


    polarity is measured

    Is Br-Cl a polar molecule ? Consider the covalent bond as a rope with each atom pulling electrons to itself based on electronegativities of each atom

    Br-Cl is a polar molecule


    If the entire molecule moves during the tugOwar.. the molecule is POLAR If the entire molecule does NOT move during the tugOwar.. the molecule is NONPOLAR

    Is CO2 a polar or nonpolar molecule ?

    the individual dipoles cancel such that the overall dipole moment = 0 CO2 is a nonpolar molecule

    Is H2O a polar or nonpolar molecule ?

    MG = bent

    H2O is a polar molecule

    Is NF3 a polar or nonpolar molecule ?

    MG = pyramidal

    NF3 is a polar molecule

    Is BF3 a polar or nonpolar molecule ?

    MG = trigonal planar

    the individual dipoles cancel such that the overall dipole moment = 0

    BF3 is a nonpolar molecule

    Is CCl4 a polar or nonpolar molecule ?

    MG = tetrahedral
    the individual dipoles cancel such that the overall dipole moment = 0

    CCl4 is a nonpolar molecule

    valence bond theory describes how atomic


    (VB theory) orbitals form bonds

    valence bond theory describes how atomic


    (VB theory) orbitals form bonds

    open valency unpaired electron in a valence


    orbital available for bonding

    2p

    2p

    electron promotion electron is removed from


    one orbital and placed in an orbital of higher energy

    hybridization simple atomic orbitals on the


    central atom mix to form new hybrid orbitals

    hybrid something of a mixed origin

    the two new sp hybrid orbitals are 50% s-character and 50% p-character

    Determine the hybridization of boron, B in BF3

    Remember, this process is occurring only on the central element of boron, B

    the 3 new sp2 hybrid orbitals are 33.3% s-character and 66.6% p-character

    Determine the hybridization of carbon, C in CH4

    Remember, this process is occurring only on the central element of carbon, C

    the 4 new sp3 hybrid orbitals are 25% s-character and 75% p-character

    octet expansion requires the central atom to have empty d-orbitals

    sigma bond electron overlap that forms all single bonds pi bond electron overlap that forms all double and triple bonds

    H one bond and two bonds

    one bond

    one bond and


    one bond

    five bonds and

    three bonds and two bonds

    one bond

    seven bonds and

    one bond

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