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    09 Diffusivs A

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    cymy
    1. Molecules in gases are constantly moving and colliding with one another due to their thermal velocity. 2. The diffusion coefficient of a gas depends on temperature, pressure, and the molecular masses of the species involved according to an empirical equation. 3. Diffusion coefficients in multicomponent gas mixtures can be determined from binary diffusion coefficients using mole fraction compositions in a triangular interpolation scheme.

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    09 Diffusivs A

    Uploaded by

    cymy
    27 views10 pages
    1. Molecules in gases are constantly moving and colliding with one another due to their thermal velocity. 2. The diffusion coefficient of a gas depends on temperature, pressure, and the molecular masses of the species involved according to an empirical equation. 3. Diffusion coefficients in multicomponent gas mixtures can be determined from binary diffusion coefficients using mole fraction compositions in a triangular interpolation scheme.

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    1. Molecules in gases are constantly moving and colliding with one another due to their thermal velocity. 2. The diffusion coefficient of a gas depends on temperature, pressure, and the molecular masses of the species involved according to an empirical equation. 3. Diffusion coefficients in multicomponent gas mixtures can be determined from binary diffusion coefficients using mole fraction compositions in a triangular interpolation scheme.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    27 views10 pages

    09 Diffusivs A

    Uploaded by

    cymy
    1. Molecules in gases are constantly moving and colliding with one another due to their thermal velocity. 2. The diffusion coefficient of a gas depends on temperature, pressure, and the molecular masses of the species involved according to an empirical equation. 3. Diffusion coefficients in multicomponent gas mixtures can be determined from binary diffusion coefficients using mole fraction compositions in a triangular interpolation scheme.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    molecules are little (hard) spheres moving

    around with their thermal velocity and


    occasionally bumping into each other
    d
    d d
    12
    1 2
    2
    ,
    =
    +
    ( )

    RT
    pd M M
    12
    3
    3 2
    12
    2
    1 2
    1 2
    2 1 1
    ,
    /
    ,
    /
    = +
    |
    \

    |
    .
    |
    t A
    d
    1
    d
    2
    ( )

    T
    p
    M M
    12
    8
    175
    1
    1 3
    2
    1 3
    2
    1 2
    1 2
    316 10
    1 1
    ,
    .
    / /
    /
    . =
    +
    +
    |
    \

    |
    .
    |

    u u
    empirical modification:
    diffusion volume s liquid volume, m
    3
    mol
    -1
    Diffusivities in Gases
    Gases, empirical equation
    ( )

    T
    p
    M M
    12
    8
    175
    1
    1 3
    2
    1 3
    2
    1 2
    1 2
    316 10
    1 1
    ,
    .
    / /
    /
    . =
    +
    +
    |
    \

    |
    .
    |

    u u
    H
    2
    N
    2
    CO
    2
    NH
    3
    H
    2
    O
    7.07 17.9 26.9 14.9 12.7
    u
    i
    10
    6
    m mol
    3 1
    diffusion volume s liquid volume, m
    3
    mol
    -1
    Gases, example
    N
    2
    (1) CO
    2
    (2)
    T = 300 K
    p = 10
    5
    Pa
    ( ) ( )
    | |

    12
    8
    175
    5 6
    1 3
    6
    1 3
    2
    3 3
    1 2
    5
    316 10
    300
    10 17 9 10 26 9 10
    10
    28
    10
    44
    175 10
    ,
    .
    / /
    /
    .
    . .
    .
    =
    +
    +

    (
    =



    m s
    2 1

    1 2 ,
    0 1
    x
    1

    1 2 ,
    does not depend
    on composition
    binary: multicomponent:

    i j i j
    binary
    , ,
    =
    also does not
    depend on
    composition
    1 2
    3

    1 2 ,

    13 ,

    2 3 ,
    mole fraction
    composition
    triangle
    Gases - Multicomponent
    Dilute Species in a Liquid
    d
    1
    1
    1 3
    =
    |
    \

    |
    .
    |
    u
    A
    /
    u
    1

    RT
    d
    12
    2 1
    3
    ,
    =
    t q A
    this constant varies with the
    size ratio of the species:
    d d
    1 2
    >>
    d d
    1 2
    =
    3t
    2t
    1t
    0 2 4
    d
    d
    1
    2
    1 2 9
    2
    2
    1 2
    2 , 1
    s m 10
    2

    ~
    q t
    =
    d d
    RT

    A
    Ideal Binary
    5
    2
    1
    0.5
    0
    1

    1 2 ,
    D
    12 ,
    D
    12 12
    9
    10
    , ,
    ,

    m s
    2 1
    25
    o
    C
    hexane (1) -
    hexadecane (2)
    D
    12 12 , ,
    ~
    logarithmic interpolation:
    larger in the mobile fluid
    x
    1
    MS and Fick diffusivities
    almost equal
    ( ) ( )

    x
    x
    x
    x
    12 12
    1
    12
    1
    1
    1
    2
    2
    , , ,
    =
    = =
    Non-ideal Binary
    25
    o
    C

    1 2 ,
    ethanol (1) - water (2)
    5
    2
    1
    0.5
    0
    1
    x
    1
    D
    12 ,
    D
    12 12 , ,
    >
    interpolation roughly
    logarithmic for
    MS and Fick diffusivities
    differ
    only at
    x x
    1 2
    1 1 = = and is
    D
    12 12 , ,
    =
    D
    12 12
    9
    10
    , ,
    ,

    m s
    2 1
    Very Non-ideal
    5
    2
    1
    0.5
    0
    1
    x
    1

    1 2 ,
    D
    12 ,
    25
    o
    C
    acetone (1) - water (2)
    factor of 4 difference
    between MS and Fick
    diffusivities
    interpolation very roughly
    logarithmic for
    D
    12 12
    9
    10
    , ,
    ,

    m s
    2 1
    ( ) ( ) ( )

    i j i j
    x
    x
    i j
    x
    x
    i j
    x
    x
    i
    i
    j
    j
    k
    k
    , , , ,
    =
    =
    =
    = 1
    1
    1
    1 2
    3

    1 2 ,

    13 ,

    2 3 ,
    mole fraction
    composition
    triangle
    for lack of better...
    logarithmic
    scale
    if only binary data
    are available:
    ( )( )
    | |

    i k
    x
    j k
    x
    k k
    , ,
    /
    = = 1 1
    1 2
    Ternary - Interpolation
    5
    2
    1

    i j ,
    10 m s
    -9 2 1
    1
    3 2
    mole fraction composition triangle

    1 2 ,

    13 ,

    2 3 ,
    Toluene, Chloro- & Bromo-benzene

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