Mixed Method

Lecturer: Dr.
Johan Presented by :Huwaida binti Tajudin 2013422458 Hanafi bin Hasbullah 2013401686 Saiful Nizam bin Mat Saat 2013416388 Mohd Faizal Ridha 2013426796
MIXED-METHODS RESEARCH
What does it mean?
- Involves the use of both quantitative and qualitative methods
in a single study.
- Those who engage in such research argues that the use of
both methods provides a more complete understanding of
research problems than does the use of either one.
What does it mean?

Started in the early 1950s.
Only has achieved a significant place in
educational research.
The first journal devoted to it began
publication in 2005.
There are different views to what
a MIXED METHOD RESEARCH is.
Examples of the kinds of mixed-methods studies

Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Methodologies
in Research on Teachers Lives, Work, and Effectiveness.

Closed and Open-Ended Question Tools in a Telephone
Survey About The Good Teacher.

Emotions and Change During Professional Development
for Teachers: A Mixed Methods Study.

Telling It All: A Story of Womens Social Capital Using a
Mixed Methods Approach.
There are different views to what a MIXED METHOD RESEARCH is : Numerical and statistical analysis. In-depth information, often in narrative form, frequently
obtained through the analysis of written communication.
What does it mean?

- Qualitative Developing a holistic picture and analysis
of the phenomenon being studied with an emphasis on thick rather than selective description.
- Quantitative Observation and interviewing,
prominent instruments used in qualitative research, are also commonly found in quantitative studies.
Why do mixed-methods research

IT HAS SEVERAL STRENGTHS:
1. Clarify and explain relationships found to exist between variables. 2. Explore relationships between variables IN DEPTH. 3. Mixed method studies can help to confirm or cross-validate relationships discovered between variables, as when quantitative and qualitative methods are compared to see if they converge on a single interpretation of a phenomenon.
Drawbacks of Mixed-Method Studies.

You might ask Why all research problems are not
addressed using mixed methods designs?

1. 2.
Extremely time-consuming and expensive to carry out. Many researchers are only experienced in only one type of research.
Avoiding the drawbacks

1. Multiple researchers with
differing areas of expertise work
as a team.
2. Better off doing a purely
quantitative or qualitative study and doing it well.
1) THE EXPLORATORY DESIGN

Viewing the study as a two-phase project. (analyze data
separately)
QUALITATIVE data collection precedes quantitative data
collection.
Greater emphasis is placed on the QUALITATIVE data in the
study.
Example: You first conduct interviews and then follow up with a
few individuals who answered positively to the questions by giving out survey forms.
SEQUENTIAL OF EXPLORATORY DESIGN
QUALITATIVE
QUANTITATIVE
QUAL DATA COLLECTION QUAL DATA ANALYSIS QUAN DATA COLLECTION QUAN DATA ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION
2) THE EXPLANATORY DESIGN

Viewing the study as a two-phase project. (analyze data
separately)
Collecting QUAN data first followed by collecting QUAL data
second
Greater emphasis is placed on the QUAN data in the study Example: You first conduct a survey and then follow up with a
few individuals who answered positively to the questions through interviews.
SEQUENTIAL OF EXPLORATORY DESIGN

QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE
QUAL DATA COLLECTION QUAL DATA ANALYSIS QUAN DATA COLLECTION QUAN DATA ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION
3) THE TRIANGULATION DESIGN

Collecting both QUAN and QUAL data Collecting these data at the same time in the research
procedure
Analyzing the QUAN and QUAL data separately Comparing or combining the results of the QUAN and QUAL
analysis
Example: collect survey data (quantitative) and collect
individual interviews (qualitative) and then compare the results
SEQUENTIAL OF TRIANGULATION DESIGN

QUANTITATIVE QUAN DATA COLLECTION QUALITATIVE QUAL DATA COLLECTION
QUAN DATA ANALYZE
QUAL DATA ANALYZE DATA RESULTS ARE COMPARED/COMBINED
Advocacy lenses
Presence or absence of an advocacy lens a factor used to
categorized the mixed-method designs.

Occurs when the researchers worldview implies that the purpose
of the research is to recommend the improved treatment to
participants in the world outside the research.

Worldview is a comprehensive view of the world and human life.
(including everything)
Example of worldview that involve advocacy lens are:

feminist theory, race-based theory and critical theory
Example of research: A research wanted to triangulating(dividing) quantitative and
qualitative methods.
A research on the student academic performance. Between white suburban school with primarily black inner-city
(poorer central section of city) school.

Purposes of research might be: Improve condition and academic school black inner-city student
SAMPLING
Qualitative researchers - use purposive sampling.
Researchers select participants who have experience with central concept being
investigate.
Small sample size (to get considerable amount of details)
Quantitative researchers - choose individual who are representative
of a larger population.
to get generalize result
Generally random sampling strategies are preferred, however, it is often
not suitable in educational research.

Thus, convenience, systematic or purposive sampling must be used. Sample sizes are much larger than qualitative studies.
Example of the research A researcher might randomly select two high schools for the
study on drug. (suburban schools)

Survey the 800 graduating. Then conduct six focus group using purposive sample of
students.
Finally conclude by randomly selecting 40 students as subjects. *researcher must make a number of decisions with regard to
sampling before beginning a mixed-methods study.
MIXED MODEL STUDIES

Tashakkori and Teddlie (1998) defined
Mixed model studies as those that combine qualitative and quantitative aproches
within several different phases of the research proses.
Single study- involve an experimental study, then qualitative data
collection after it has been converted to numbers.
Mixed-model study- qualitative and quantitative study
ma be addressed in three phases. (refer book page 563) Complicated system for classifying research design.
Because the three phases occur very rarely in practice.
STEPS IN CONDUCTING A MIXED-METHODS STUDY
EVALUATING A MIXED-METHODS STUDY
EVALUATING A MIXED-METHODS STUDY
ETHICS IN MIXED-METHODS RESEARCH

Three ethical concern
Protecting participant identity
privacy
Treating participants with respect

sensitivity
Protecting participants from both physical and
psychological harm Injury and pressure
SUMMARY
Mixed method studies becoming popular and common in
educational research.
The values lies in combining qualitative and quantitative
methods (complement each other)

Requires time, energy and resources in both quantitative
and qualitative methods.
Thank You
For your attention..

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Lecturer: Dr.

both methods provides a more complete understanding of

research problems than does the use of either one.

What does it mean?

a MIXED METHOD RESEARCH is.

Examples of the kinds of mixed-methods studies

in Research on Teachers Lives, Work, and Effectiveness.

Survey About The Good Teacher.

for Teachers: A Mixed Methods Study.

Mixed Methods Approach.

obtained through the analysis of written communication.

What does it mean?

Why do mixed-methods research

Drawbacks of Mixed-Method Studies.

addressed using mixed methods designs?

Avoiding the drawbacks

differing areas of expertise work

quantitative or qualitative study and doing it well.

1) THE EXPLORATORY DESIGN

SEQUENTIAL OF EXPLORATORY DESIGN

2) THE EXPLANATORY DESIGN

few individuals who answered positively to the questions through interviews.

SEQUENTIAL OF EXPLORATORY DESIGN

3) THE TRIANGULATION DESIGN

individual interviews (qualitative) and then compare the results

SEQUENTIAL OF TRIANGULATION DESIGN

QUAN DATA ANALYZE

QUAL DATA ANALYZE DATA RESULTS ARE COMPARED/COMBINED

categorized the mixed-method designs.

of the research is to recommend the improved treatment to

participants in the world outside the research.

Example of worldview that involve advocacy lens are:

Example of research: A research wanted to triangulating(dividing) quantitative and

(poorer central section of city) school.

Small sample size (to get considerable amount of details)

Quantitative researchers - choose individual who are representative

Generally random sampling strategies are preferred, however, it is often

not suitable in educational research.

study on drug. (suburban schools)

sampling before beginning a mixed-methods study.

MIXED MODEL STUDIES

within several different phases of the research proses.

Single study- involve an experimental study, then qualitative data

collection after it has been converted to numbers.

Mixed-model study- qualitative and quantitative study

STEPS IN CONDUCTING A MIXED-METHODS STUDY

EVALUATING A MIXED-METHODS STUDY

EVALUATING A MIXED-METHODS STUDY

ETHICS IN MIXED-METHODS RESEARCH

Treating participants with respect

Protecting participants from both physical and

psychological harm Injury and pressure

methods (complement each other)

and qualitative methods.

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