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    Puberty

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    Le Ra
    Puberty typically begins between ages 8-13 in girls and 10-15 in boys. Factors like genetics, nutrition, and weight can affect the timing. Hormone levels like gonadotropins and sex steroids rise gradually during puberty due to decreased inhibition of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands. This leads to secondary sex characteristics like growth of genitals and breasts, pubic hair, pimples, and changes in voice and body odor. The sequence of pubertal changes is generally breast and genital growth first, then pubic hair and menstruation or ejaculation, followed by adult height and full sexual maturity.

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    Puberty

    Uploaded by

    Le Ra
    162 views23 pages
    Puberty typically begins between ages 8-13 in girls and 10-15 in boys. Factors like genetics, nutrition, and weight can affect the timing. Hormone levels like gonadotropins and sex steroids rise gradually during puberty due to decreased inhibition of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands. This leads to secondary sex characteristics like growth of genitals and breasts, pubic hair, pimples, and changes in voice and body odor. The sequence of pubertal changes is generally breast and genital growth first, then pubic hair and menstruation or ejaculation, followed by adult height and full sexual maturity.

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    Puberty typically begins between ages 8-13 in girls and 10-15 in boys. Factors like genetics, nutrition, and weight can affect the timing. Hormone levels like gonadotropins and sex steroids rise gradually during puberty due to decreased inhibition of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands. This leads to secondary sex characteristics like growth of genitals and breasts, pubic hair, pimples, and changes in voice and body odor. The sequence of pubertal changes is generally breast and genital growth first, then pubic hair and menstruation or ejaculation, followed by adult height and full sexual maturity.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    162 views23 pages

    Puberty

    Uploaded by

    Le Ra
    Puberty typically begins between ages 8-13 in girls and 10-15 in boys. Factors like genetics, nutrition, and weight can affect the timing. Hormone levels like gonadotropins and sex steroids rise gradually during puberty due to decreased inhibition of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands. This leads to secondary sex characteristics like growth of genitals and breasts, pubic hair, pimples, and changes in voice and body odor. The sequence of pubertal changes is generally breast and genital growth first, then pubic hair and menstruation or ejaculation, followed by adult height and full sexual maturity.

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    Time to Change

    starts between age 8 and 13 in girls ;age 10 and 15 in boys. Some kids begin a bit earlier or later than that, and kids can experience puberty-related changes at any point during those years.

    FACTOR AFFECT TIMING OF PUBERTY

    Personal Health Care Nutrition Heredity Body weight- girls critical weight is 47kg; boys is 55kg Obese girls experience earlier menarche; malnutrition lead to delayed menarche

    HORMONE CHANGE

    Gonadotrophins in adult range at first 1-2 yrs of life Decline , remain low until puberty Gradually rise (testosterone ,estrogen, LH, FSH, androgen) Level higher at night ,wet dream

    GONADOSTAT HYPOTHESIS

    Hypothalamus-pituitary very sensitive to suppression by low levels of sex steroids in prepubertal period As sex steroids receptors in hypothalamus and pituitary mature, this inhibition decrease, lead to rising concentration of circulating gonadotrophin and sex steroids during puberty Positive feedback develop

    SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERISTIC


    Breast, genitalia, pubic hair beard growth and voice change

    Estrogen

    boy

    girl

    breast bud

    breast bud

    breast growth

    breast growth

    diminishes

    not diminishes gynecomastia

    Growing till mature state

    Preadolescent stage :only papilla (nipple) is elavated

    Breast bud stage : papila and breast are elevated

    Continue enlargement

    Papilla and areola projecting above breast contour

    Mature stage: only papilla is elavated

    estrogen

    Fatty tissue Estrogen receptor site

    progesterone and prolactin: lobules and alveoli enlarge , become secretory in nature

    Mammary gland

    Scientists have proven that stimulating the estrogen receptors in the breast with estrogen can increase the size of the female breast as much as 150%.

    GENITAL ORGAN GROWTH MALES


    Pre-adolescent stage: penis testes and scrotum are small size Scrotum and testes enlarge, testure of scrotal skin change ,slightly red Darken in colour of scrotum and glans penis develop Adult stage

    FEMALE INTERNAL GENITAL ORGAN

    the uterus and ovaries increase in size

    increasing levels of estrogen cause Whitish secretions mucosal surface becoming thicker (physiologic leukorrhea) and a duller pink in color

    pubarche . often appears in a boy shortly after the genitalia begin to grow, usually first visible at the dorsal (abdominal) base of the penis. within another 612 months, hairs are too numerous to count. the pubic hairs densely fill the "pubic triangle." spread of pubic hair to the thighs and upward towards the umbilicus.

    No pubic hair is visible

    Sparse growth of long downy hair, slightly curled along labia

    Coarse curlier darker hair

    Spread, cover labia not quantity, no spread to medial surface of thigh

    Adult stage: classical inverse triangle spread to the medial surface of thigh

    In the months and years following the appearance of pubic hair, other areas of skin which respond to androgens develop heavier hair

    Voice change

    Androgens cause the voice box, or larynx, grows in both genders , it sticks out at the front of the throat (Adam's apple). because the larger vocal folds have a lower fundamental frequency, cracking and breaking sounds in the early stages. Most of the voice change happens during stage 4 of male puberty around the time of peak growth. girl's larynx doesn't grow as much as a boy's does. Most girls don't have Adam's apples,

    Body odor, skin changes, acne

    Rising levels of androgens change the fatty acid composition of perspiration, resulting in a more "adult" body odor. increased secretion of oil (sebum) from the skin cause acne.

    SEQUENCE OF PUBERTAL EVENTS


    MALE: Growth of testes Testosterone Growth of penis scrotum and pubic hair Axillary hair 1st ejaculation: wet dream Growth spurt Facial hair Adult height (Sex hormones on skeleton) FEMALE: Breast buds appear (thelarche ) Pubic hair appear (pubarche) Growth spurt Axillary hair Pubic hair mature Breast mature Menarchy (1st cycle) Adult height (Sex hormones on skeleton)

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