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    Can Heat Transfer From Cooler Room To Hot Water Itself? Can The Generator Run Without Turbine/engine?

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    sumanpunia
    This document discusses key concepts of thermodynamics including: 1) The second law of thermodynamics which states that heat cannot spontaneously flow from a cooler to a hotter body, and identifies the direction processes can occur. 2) Heat engines, which are devices needed to convert heat into work, have a maximum theoretical efficiency defined by Carnot cycles but actual efficiencies are lower due to irreversibilities. 3) Refrigerators and heat pumps both use the same cycles but have different objectives, with heat pumps able to provide heating by absorbing heat from a low temperature source.

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    Can Heat Transfer From Cooler Room To Hot Water Itself? Can The Generator Run Without Turbine/engine?

    Uploaded by

    sumanpunia
    14 views11 pages
    This document discusses key concepts of thermodynamics including: 1) The second law of thermodynamics which states that heat cannot spontaneously flow from a cooler to a hotter body, and identifies the direction processes can occur. 2) Heat engines, which are devices needed to convert heat into work, have a maximum theoretical efficiency defined by Carnot cycles but actual efficiencies are lower due to irreversibilities. 3) Refrigerators and heat pumps both use the same cycles but have different objectives, with heat pumps able to provide heating by absorbing heat from a low temperature source.

    Original Description:

    thermodynamics

    Original Title

    Second Law

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    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

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    This document discusses key concepts of thermodynamics including: 1) The second law of thermodynamics which states that heat cannot spontaneously flow from a cooler to a hotter body, and identifies the direction processes can occur. 2) Heat engines, which are devices needed to convert heat into work, have a maximum theoretical efficiency defined by Carnot cycles but actual efficiencies are lower due to irreversibilities. 3) Refrigerators and heat pumps both use the same cycles but have different objectives, with heat pumps able to provide heating by absorbing heat from a low temperature source.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    14 views11 pages

    Can Heat Transfer From Cooler Room To Hot Water Itself? Can The Generator Run Without Turbine/engine?

    Uploaded by

    sumanpunia
    This document discusses key concepts of thermodynamics including: 1) The second law of thermodynamics which states that heat cannot spontaneously flow from a cooler to a hotter body, and identifies the direction processes can occur. 2) Heat engines, which are devices needed to convert heat into work, have a maximum theoretical efficiency defined by Carnot cycles but actual efficiencies are lower due to irreversibilities. 3) Refrigerators and heat pumps both use the same cycles but have different objectives, with heat pumps able to provide heating by absorbing heat from a low temperature source.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    Impossible

    This means
    The process proceed in a certain direction and
    not in the reverse direction itself.
    The first law does not ensure that the process
    can actually occur.
    The first law of thermodynamics has been
    introduce to identify that the process can take
    place or not.

    Can heat transfer from cooler room to hot water itself?
    Can the generator run without turbine/engine?

    Therefore, second law of thermodynamics
    has been introduced to identify that the
    process can take place or not.
    Second law of thermodynamics is helpful
    to identify the direction of the process.
    The second law also asserts that energy
    has quality as well as quantity.
    Heat engine
    The work can be
    converted to heat directly
    and completely, but heat
    to work can not itself.
    Some special devices are
    needed to convert heat to
    work. These are known
    as heat engines.


    Thermal efficiency
    The net work output of a heat engine is always
    less than the amount of heat input.




    The thermal efficiency of a heat engine is always
    less than unity.
    input heat Total
    output work Net
    efficincy Thermal =
    Q
    Q Q
    out in
    th

    = q
    Second law of thermodynamics
    Kelvin Plank statement:
    It is impossible for any device that operates on a cycle to
    receive heat from a single reservoir and produce a net
    amount of work.
    Refrigerator or Air conditioner:
    Refrigerator or AC is the device that transfer heat from
    low temperature medium to high temperature medium

    The efficiency of a refrigerator/ AC
    is expressed in terms of the
    coefficient of performance (COP)


    Heat pump:
    Refrigerator and heat pump operates on the same cycle
    but differ in their objectives.
    Refrigerator maintain the refrigerated space at a low
    temperature by removing heat from it.
    Heat pump is use to maintain a heated space at a high
    temperature by absorbing heat from low temperature
    source

    The coefficient of performance of a heat pump is
    always greater then unity.

    COP
    HP
    =COP
    R
    +1

    A heat pump will function, at worst, as a
    resistance heater, supplying as much energy to
    the house as it consumes.


    Clausius statement
    It is impossible to construct a device that
    operates in a cycle and produces no effect other
    than the transfer of heat from a lower
    temperature body to a higher temperature body.
    Reversible process
    A process that can be reversed without leaving
    any trace on the surroundings.
    Both the system and the surrounding are
    returned to their initial states at the end of the
    reverse process.
    Reversible process do not occur in nature.
    Irreversible process
    Process that are not reversible are called irreversible
    process.
    Internally reversible process
    A process is called internally reversible if no
    irreversibilities occur within boundaries of the system
    during the process.
    Externally reversible process
    A process is called externally reversible if no
    irreversibilities occur outside the system boundaries
    during the process.
    Totally reversible process
    A process is called totally reversible, or simply reversible,
    if it involves no irreversibilities within the system or its
    surroundings.
    Carnot cycle
    The best known reversible cycle is the carnot cycle.
    The carnot cycle follow the following four reversible process:


    1. Reversible Isothermal expansion

    2. Reversible Adiabatic expansion

    3. Reversible Isothermal compression

    4. Reversible Adiabatic compression
    Carnot engine has the highest efficiency operating
    between the two thermal reservoirs at temperature T
    L

    and T
    H
    .
    An actual heat engine can not reach this maximum
    theoretical efficiency value because it is impossible to
    completely eliminate all the irreversibilities associated
    with the actual cycle.
    The thermal efficiencies of actual and reversible heat
    engines operating between the same temperature limit
    compare as:

    >
    =
    <
    engine heat imposible
    engine heat reversible
    engine heat le irreversib
    rev th
    rev th
    rev th
    th
    ,
    ,
    ,
    q
    q
    q
    q

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