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    Concrete is a composite material made by mixing cement, water, and aggregates such as sand and gravel. It is one of the most widely used construction materials in the world due to its strength, durability and versatility. Concrete can be molded into any shape and used to construct buildings, bridges, roads, and other structures. Proper curing of concrete by keeping it wet is important for achieving full strength. There are different types of concrete classified by their binding material or design, including cement concrete, lime concrete, plain concrete, reinforced concrete, and pre-stressed concrete.

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    Concrete is a composite material made by mixing cement, water, and aggregates such as sand and gravel. It is one of the most widely used construction materials in the world due to its strength, durability and versatility. Concrete can be molded into any shape and used to construct buildings, bridges, roads, and other structures. Proper curing of concrete by keeping it wet is important for achieving full strength. There are different types of concrete classified by their binding material or design, including cement concrete, lime concrete, plain concrete, reinforced concrete, and pre-stressed concrete.

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    Concrete is a composite material made by mixing cement, water, and aggregates such as sand and gravel. It is one of the most widely used construction materials in the world due to its strength, durability and versatility. Concrete can be molded into any shape and used to construct buildings, bridges, roads, and other structures. Proper curing of concrete by keeping it wet is important for achieving full strength. There are different types of concrete classified by their binding material or design, including cement concrete, lime concrete, plain concrete, reinforced concrete, and pre-stressed concrete.

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    35 views41 pages

    My Slides

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    Buddhisagar Bastola
    Concrete is a composite material made by mixing cement, water, and aggregates such as sand and gravel. It is one of the most widely used construction materials in the world due to its strength, durability and versatility. Concrete can be molded into any shape and used to construct buildings, bridges, roads, and other structures. Proper curing of concrete by keeping it wet is important for achieving full strength. There are different types of concrete classified by their binding material or design, including cement concrete, lime concrete, plain concrete, reinforced concrete, and pre-stressed concrete.

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    Concrete Technology

    Concrete

    Construction material Mixture of Portland cement, water, aggregates, and in some cases, admixtures. The cement and water form a paste that hardens and bonds the aggregates together.

    Concrete is one of the most commonly used building materials. Concrete is a composite material made from several readily available constituents (aggregates, sand, cement/lime, water). Concrete is a versatile material that can easily be mixed to meet a variety of special needs and formed to virtually any shape.

    Concrete
    Can be placed or molded into virtually any shape and reproduce any surface texture. The most widely used construction material in the world. The ready-mix concrete producer has made concrete an appropriate construction material for many applications.

    Basic ingredients of concrete


    Binding materials: lime, cement. Fine aggregates: sand, surkhi etc Coarse aggregates: crushed stones, broken bricks, gravel and so on.

    Advantages
    Economical Durable Fire resistant Energy efficient On-site fabrication

    Characteristics/Qualities of Concrete
    Concretes properties make it the building material of choice for most purposes. The most important features are: Strength and Durability Versatility Low maintenance Affordability Fire-resistance Thermal mass Locally produced and used Compactness

    Strength and Durability


    Used in the majority of buildings, bridges, tunnels and dams for its strength Not weakened by moisture or mould Concrete structures can withstand natural disasters such as earthquakes and hurricanes Roman buildings over 1,500 years old such as the Coliseum are living examples of the strength and durability of concrete

    Versatility (usefulness)
    Concrete is used in buildings, bridges, dams, tunnels, sewerage systems pavements, runways and even roads Low maintenance Concrete, being , compact and non-porous, does not attract mould or lose its key properties over time

    Affordability
    Compared to other comparable building materials, concrete is less costly to produce and remains extremely affordable Fire-resistance Being naturally fire-resistant concrete forms a highly effective barrier to fire spread

    Concrete walls and floors slow the passage of heat moving through, reducing temperature swings This reduces energy needs from heating or air-conditioning.

    Locally produced and used


    Very little cement and concrete is traded and transported internationally This saves significantly on transport.

    Compactness(Density)
    Concrete must be sufficiently dense Compacted Minimum shrinkage Economical for desired strength Sophisticated appearance

    Main Ingredients of concrete

    Cement Water Fine Agg. Coarse Agg. Admixtures

    AGGREGATES
    Aggregates occupy 60 to 80

    percent of the volume of concrete.


    Sand, gravel and crushed stone

    are the primary aggregates used.


    All aggregates must be

    essentially free of silt and/or organic matter.

    PROPERTIES OF FRESH CONCRETE


    Workability Consistency Bleeding Setting Time Uniformity

    WATER
    Good water is essential for quality concrete.

    should be good enough to drink--free of trash, organic matter and excessive chemicals and/or minerals. The strength and other properties of concrete are highly dependent on the amount of water and the water-cement ratio.

    TYPES OF CONCRETE AND ITS USES


    CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO BINDING MATERIAL:

    (1) Cement concrete

    (2) lime concrete.

    1-CEMENT CONCRETE The concrete consisting of cement, sand/fine aggregate and coarse aggregates mixed in a suitable proportions in addition to water is called cement concrete. In this type of concrete cement is used as a binding material, sand as fine aggregates and gravel, crushed stones as coarse aggregates.

    USES cement concrete is commonly used in buildings and other important architectural as well as engineering works where strength and durability is of prime importance

    2-LIME CONCRETE

    The concrete consisting of lime, fine aggregates, and coarse aggregates mixed in a suitable proportions with water is called lime concrete. In this type of concrete hydraulic lime is generally used as a binding material, sand and cinder are used as fine aggregates and broken bricks, gravel can be used as coarse aggregates.

    PLACING OF LIME CONCRETE

    Placing of concrete shall be completed within three hours of adding water in case of concrete is prepared with hydraulic lime. lime Concrete should be well cured for a period of at least 10 days. USES: Lime concrete is generally used for the sake of economy in foundation works, under floors, over roof and where cement is not cheaply and easily available in required quantity.

    TYPES OF CONCRETE AND ITS USES


    CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO DESIGN OF CONCRETE

    (1)Plain cement concrete. (2) Reinforced cement concrete(RCC). (3) Pre-stressed cement concrete(PCC).

    PLAIN CEMENT CONCRETE


    The cement concrete in which no reinforcement is provided is called plain cement concrete or mass cement concrete. This type of concrete is strong in taking compressive stresses but weak in taking tensile stresses. USES: Plain cement concrete is commonly used in for foundation work and flooring of buildings.

    REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE(RCC)


    The cement concrete in which reinforcement is embedded for taking tensile stress is called reinforced cement concrete. In this type of concrete the steel reinforcement is to be used generally in the form of round bars. This concrete is equally strong in taking tensile, compressive and shear stresses. USES: RCC is commonly used for construction of slabs, beams, columns, foundation, precast concrete.

    REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE(RCC)

    CURING OF CONCRETE
    The process of keeping concrete wet to enable it to attain full strength is known as curing. The objective of curing is to prevent loss of moisture from concrete due to evaporation or because of any other reasons. Curing should be done for a period of three weeks but not less then 10 days.

    CURING OF CONCRETE
    To do curing, any one of the following method can be used. i. The surface of concrete is coated with a layer of bitumen or similar other waterproofing compound which gets into the pores of concrete and prevent loss of water from concrete. ii. Concrete surface is covered with waterproof paper or with a layer of wet sand. It could also be covered with gunny bags.

    CURING OF CONCRETE

    Mixing machine

    Concrete not Just But must


    Thank You.

    Type III - High Early

    Type IV - Low Heat of Hydration

    Type I - Normal

    Type I - Normal

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