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    Optimization Strategy

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    Optimization Strategy

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    Optimization Strategy

    Uploaded by

    Ashi Sharma
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    CT004-3.

    5-3 Advanced Database Systems Optimization Strategy

    CT004-3-3 ADVBS

    Introduction & Overview

    Objectives

    Meaning of denormalization. When to denormalize to improve performance.

    CT004-3-3 ADVBS

    Introduction & Overview

    Introduction

    Result of normalization is a design that is structurally consistent with minimal redundancy. However, sometimes a normalized database does not provide maximum processing efficiency. May be necessary to accept loss of some benefits of a fully normalized design in favor of performance.
    Introduction & Overview

    CT004-3-3 ADVBS

    Introduction

    Also consider that denormalization:

    makes implementation more complex often sacrifices flexibility may speed up retrievals but it slows down updates

    CT004-3-3 ADVBS

    Introduction & Overview

    What is Denormalization

    Denormalization refers to Refinement to relational schema Degree of normalization for a modified relation is less than the degree of at least one of the original relations.

    Term used more loosely to refer to Situations where two relations are combined into one new relation New relation is still normalized but contains more nulls than original relations.
    Introduction & Overview

    CT004-3-3 ADVBS

    When to apply denormalization

    Consider denormalization in following situations, specifically to speed up frequent or critical transactions:


    Combining 1:1 relationships Duplicating non-key attributes in 1:* relationships to reduce joins

    Duplicating foreign key attributes in 1:* relationships to reduce joins

    CT004-3-3 ADVBS

    Introducing repeating groups


    Introduction & Overview

    Sample Relation Diagram

    CT004-3-3 ADVBS

    Introduction & Overview

    Sample Relations

    CT004-3-3 ADVBS

    Introduction & Overview

    Combining 1:1 relationships

    CT004-3-3 ADVBS

    Introduction & Overview

    Combining 1:1 relationships

    CT004-3-3 ADVBS

    Introduction & Overview

    Duplicating non-key attributes in 1:* relationships to reduce joins

    SELECT p.*, o.lName FROM PropertyForRent p, PrivateOwner o WHERE p.ownerNo = o.ownerNo AND branchNo = B003;

    CT004-3-3 ADVBS

    Introduction & Overview

    Duplicating non-key attributes in 1:* relationships to reduce joins

    SELECT p.* FROM PropertyForRent p WHERE branchNo = B003;

    CT004-3-3 ADVBS

    Introduction & Overview

    Duplicating non-key attributes in 1:* relationships: Lookup Table

    CT004-3-3 ADVBS

    Introduction & Overview

    Duplicating non-key attributes in 1:* relationships: Lookup Table

    CT004-3-3 ADVBS

    Introduction & Overview

    Duplicating FK attributes in 1:* relationship to reduce joins

    CT004-3-3 ADVBS

    Introduction & Overview

    Duplicating FK attributes in 1:* relationship to reduce joins

    CT004-3-3 ADVBS

    Introduction & Overview

    Introducing repeating groups

    CT004-3-3 ADVBS

    Introduction & Overview

    Partitioning relations

    Rather than combining relations together, alternative approach is to decompose them into a number of smaller and more manageable partitions. Two main types of partitioning: horizontal and vertical.

    CT004-3-3 ADVBS

    Introduction & Overview

    Partitioning relations

    CT004-3-3 ADVBS

    Introduction & Overview

    Advantages and disadvantages of denormalization

    CT004-3-3 ADVBS

    Introduction & Overview

    Q&A

    CT004-3-3 ADVBS

    Introduction & Overview

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