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Creep Test

This document describes an experiment to test creep in metals. Creep is the gradual deformation of a material under constant stress and temperature over time. The experiment involves applying constant loads to lead samples in a furnace and measuring the resulting strain over time. The strain measurements are used to generate creep curves and determine creep rates. Data from multiple tests are then used to calculate the constants n and K that characterize the creep behavior based on an Arrhenius equation relating creep rate to stress, temperature, and material properties.

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deemi75
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626 views18 pages

Creep Test

This document describes an experiment to test creep in metals. Creep is the gradual deformation of a material under constant stress and temperature over time. The experiment involves applying constant loads to lead samples in a furnace and measuring the resulting strain over time. The strain measurements are used to generate creep curves and determine creep rates. Data from multiple tests are then used to calculate the constants n and K that characterize the creep behavior based on an Arrhenius equation relating creep rate to stress, temperature, and material properties.

Uploaded by

deemi75
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CREEP TEST

EXPERIMENT # 6
Instructor: M.Yaqub
WHAT IS CREEP
All materials under constant stress and
temperature will exhibit an increase of
strain with time called creep.
Creep is strain with time at constant load
and temperature (time dependent strain).
Metals usually creep at temperature above
0.3 to 0.4 Tm, where Tm is the absolute
melting temperature of the metal.
TEMPERATURE FOR CREEP
Most metals have creep at high
temperature since melting temperature of
metals are usually high.
For example, carbon steel starts creep
above 500
0
C and Aluminum above 100
0
C.
Lead is soft metal and can creep at room
temperature therefore in lab, we will use
lead at a test metal.




HOW TEST IS PERFORM
Since metals usually creep at high
temperature, the actual test is perform in a
furnace as shown in the following figure.

WHERE CREEP IS IMPORTANT
When a metal is subjected to high
temperature, the creep is an important design
consideration.
In many mechanical application, like turbine
blades, boiler, reactors, engine, a designer
must consider the creep.



CREEP TEST CURVE


CREEP CURVE
ELASTIC STRAIN is the strain produce due to
applied tensile load.
FIRST STAGE (Primary creep) in this region, the
rate of creep ( ) decreases with time.

SECOND STAGE (Secondary creep) in this
zone, the creep rate is constant, therefore the
curve is linear. The slope of the line gives the
creep rate. Usually, the end of this region is
taken as the service life for a metal.


t

CREEP CURVE (Continue)


Tertiary Creep in this zone, strain
increases rapidly, micro cracks appears,
and finally metal fails.

CREEP DEPENDS UPON STRESS &
TEMPERATURE
CREEP RATE IN SECONDARY
ZONE
Since creep rate is constant (independent
of time) in secondary creep zone, it can be
obtained from the following equation.
) ( exp
.
RT
Q
K
dt
d
n

CREEP RATE IN SECONDARY


ZONE (CONTINUE)
Where K and n are constant and depends
on metal.
Q is the activation energy of the metal in
J/mole. For lead Q = 120,000 J/mole.
R is universal gas constant, 8.31 J/mole-K
Sigma is applied stress and
T is absolute temperature.
CREEP DATA
A Number of sample is tested and the data
is plotted as shown in the next slide.
Stress on the Y-Axis and Rupture life on
the X-Axis.
Log-Log scale is used for the curve.
This curve is called Stress-rupture-curve.
SRESS RUPTURE CURE
EQUATION OF CREEP RATE IN
SECONDARY ZONE
Test the 4 samples at different load and
plot the creep curve for these test.
Gate the creep rate for from the each
curve. Now you have 4 stress and
corresponding 4 creep rate.
In equation
) ( exp
.
RT
Q
K
dt
d
n

EQUATION (CONTINUE)
Q, R and T are constant. Therefore get the
value of exp(-Q/RT) and say this as A.
Now equation become

Since A and K both are constant, B=AK
n
K A
.
n
B
.
EQUATION (CONTINUE)
Since we have 4 points for creep rate and
stress, we can plot this equation as creep
rate on Y-Axis and Stress on X-Axis. Use
excel to plot the point and then fit a power
curve. Choose option to display equation.
The power of stress will be n and
constant will be B.
Get K by using K=B/A
LAB REPORT
Plot the strain as a function of time for
each test and calculate the steady state
creep rate for each combination of load
and temperature.
List the rupture life for all test in one table
as function of stress and temperature.
Plot the creep rupture data as explain in
lab.

LAB REPORT (Continue)
Estimate n and K by plotting creep rate
verses stress as explain in lab.
Use the table available on WebCT to show
your results.
Attached 3 graphs with the lab report,
graph one having 4 creep curves for the
test, graph 2, rupture life curve, graph 3 for
n and K.

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