5.2 Steady-State Mixed Flow Reactor: Ideal Reactors For A Single Reaction

Chapter 5
Ideal Reactors for a Single

Reaction
5.2 steady-state
mixed flow reactor
5.2 steady-state mixed flow reactor
For the mixed flow reactor:

=0
Input = output
disappearance by reaction
accumulation
the composition is uniform throughout
Element of volume
The whole reactor
Molar feed rate

of component A
Introducing these three terms into Eq.(10), we obtain
rearrangement
xAi
If the feed on which

conversion is based
XAi
If the products are contained in the feed:
(12)
The above expressions have the simple relation

between the four terms:
XA, -rA, V, FA0

Knowing any three allows the forth to be found directly
In design of reactor
The size of reactor
needed for a given duty
The extent of conversion

in a reactor of given size
In kinetic studies
The reaction rate may
be easily obtained
without integration
Make its use very
attractive in kinetic studies
Performance Equations
Batch reactor
t N A0
XA
dX A
( rA )V
Integrating
For general case
Mixed flow reactor

(11)
Algebraic
For general case
For the case of constant-density
Change conversion
to concentration
Graphical representation
General case
Constant-density system only
First-order reaction, constant density system
CA=CA0(1-XA)
(14)
General case, linear expansion
N A N A0 (1 X A )
VC A V0C A0 (1 X A )
First-order reaction
Second-order reaction
rA kCA2
and
A 0
The performance equation becomes
or
C A0 C A
k
2
CA
1 1 4kC A0
CA
2 k
(*)
5.3 steady-state plug flow reactor
The composition of the fluid varies

from point to point along a flow path
The material balance for a differential

element of volume dV
=0
Input = output
disappearance by reaction
accumulation
For the differential element of volume

cylinder with the thickness of dl
(16)
(16)
This is a differential equation, for the reactor as a
whole the expression must be integrated.
rA is dependent on the concentration or conversion
of materials. Grouping the terms accordingly, we
obtain
Thus
Batch reactor
t N A0
XA
dX A
( rA )V
(3)
If the feed on which conversion is based, or,

there are products in the feed
XAi: A conversion in the feed (inlet)

XAf: A conversion in the outlet
For the special case of constant-density system
and
The performance equation can be expressed in

terms of concentration
Eqs. 17 to 19 can be written either in terms of

concentrations or conversions.
For systems of changing density, it is more
convenient to use conversions.
Whatever its form, the performance equations
interrelate:
Rate of reaction
Extent of reaction
Reactor volume
Feed rate
If any one of
these quantities
is unknown it
can be found
from the others
Graphical representation
XA
(1 A ) A (1 X A )
dX A
1 X A
(21)
Plug flow reactor
Mixed flow reactor
rA varies with position
rA is constant in reactor
Comparing Plug flow reactor with batch reactor

Plug flow reactor
identical
Batch reactor
t N A0
XA
X A dX
dX A
A
C A0
0
(rA )V
rA
By comparing the performance expressions of

batch reactor with those of plug flow reactor:
(1) For system of constant density

(constant-volume batch or constantdensity plug flow) the performance
equations are identical, for plug
flow is equivalent to t for the batch
reactor, and equation can be used
interchangeably.
(2) For systems of changing density there

is no direct correspondence between
the batch and the plug flow equations
and the correct equation must be used
for each particular situation. In this
case the performance equations cannot
be used interchangeably.
Example 5.3 Mixed flow reactor performance
The elementary liquid-phase reaction
With rate equation
AB
SOLUTION
The concentration of components in the
mixed feed stream is
These data show that B is the limiting component,

so for 75% conversion of B and =0,
For no density change, the performance
equation of Eq.13 gives
desired
The composition in the reactor and in the exit stream is
EXAMPLE 5.5
The homogeneous gas decomposition of phosphine
proceeds at 649 with the first-order rate
What size of plug flow reactor operating at 649 and

460kPa can produce
80% conversion of a
feed consisting of 40
mol of pure
phosphine per hour?
Let A=PH3, R=P4, S=H2. Then the reaction be comes
Homogenous gas reaction

Changing density
First-order reaction
The distinction between space time and residence time
for flow reactor
Holding time
PROBLEMS 5.1, 5.4, 5.5, 5.13

5.2 Steady-State Mixed Flow Reactor: Ideal Reactors For A Single Reaction

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Chapter 5

Ideal Reactors for a Single

5.2 steady-state mixed flow reactor

For the mixed flow reactor:

the composition is uniform throughout

The whole reactor

Molar feed rate

Introducing these three terms into Eq.(10), we obtain

If the feed on which

If the products are contained in the feed:

The above expressions have the simple relation

XA, -rA, V, FA0

The extent of conversion

Mixed flow reactor

For the case of constant-density

Constant-density system only

First-order reaction, constant density system

General case, linear expansion

The performance equation becomes

5.3 steady-state plug flow reactor

The composition of the fluid varies

The material balance for a differential

For the differential element of volume

If the feed on which conversion is based, or,

XAi: A conversion in the feed (inlet)

For the special case of constant-density system

The performance equation can be expressed in

Eqs. 17 to 19 can be written either in terms of

Plug flow reactor

Mixed flow reactor

rA varies with position

Comparing Plug flow reactor with batch reactor

By comparing the performance expressions of

(1) For system of constant density

(2) For systems of changing density there

Example 5.3 Mixed flow reactor performance

The elementary liquid-phase reaction

With rate equation

These data show that B is the limiting component,

The composition in the reactor and in the exit stream is

proceeds at 649 with the first-order rate

What size of plug flow reactor operating at 649 and

Let A=PH3, R=P4, S=H2. Then the reaction be comes

Homogenous gas reaction

The distinction between space time and residence time

for flow reactor

PROBLEMS 5.1, 5.4, 5.5, 5.13

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