Order Scandentia

Ordo INSECTIVORA
Ordo SCANDENTIA
Rizqi Nur Alifah

Ulin Nikmatul Aflah
Ordo Scandentia
Ordo Scandentia
Genus Anathana
Sub-family
TUPAIIDAE
Genus Dendrogale
Genus
Tupaia
Genus Urogale
Sub-family
PTILOCERCIDAE
Genus Ptilocercus
Sub-family
Tupaiidae
Genus
Anathana
This genus is
represented by a
single species in
India.
Madras tree shrew

(Anathana elliotti)
Anathana elliotti
Waterhouse
1850.
IUCN Category of
Threat: Lower
Risk (subcategory
Least Concern).
Distribution: This species is only found in

the forested regions of
Peninsular India,
north as far as Bihar, in the east
and the Satpura Hills (south-west
Madhya Pradesh) in the west.
Habitat: Occurs to at least 1400m

(Chorazyna and Kurup, 1975).
Ecology and behaviour

The habits of this species are not well known but are
probably similar to those of Tupaia and Urogale.
Unlike Tupaia, however, this species does not
frequent human dwellings (Roonwal and
Mohnot, 1977).
GENUS
DENDROGALE
GENUS DENDROGALE
There are two species of small smooth-tailed tree shrew:
Dendrogale melanura
Dendrogale murina
which are geographically isolated (Lekagul and McNeely,
1977; Medway, 1977).
These are the only small members of the family
Tupaiidae with round, uniformly even-haired tails.
Shoulder stripes are not present. Both species are
active during the day.
Bornean smooth-tailed tree shrew
(Dendrogale melanura)
Taxonomy:
Dendrogale
melanura (Thomas
1892. )
Two subspecies are
recognised: D.m.
melanura and
D.m. baluensis
(Payne, pers.comm)
Distribution
This species is restricted to the muontane regions of
Borneo, where it occurs at an elevation of 9001500m.
D.m. melanura has been recorded from Mt

Dulit, Mt Mulu and the Kelabit highlands in
northern Sarawak as well as from the SarawakSabah border.
D.m. baluensis has been recorded from Mt

Kinabalu and Mt Trus Madi in Sabah.

Little is known about the
behaviour of this species in
the wild. It is diurnal.
Habitat:
Montane forest.
Northern smooth-tailed tree shrew

(Dendrogale murina)
Taxonomy:
Dendrogale
murina Schlegel
and Miiller 1843.
Distribution
This species is restricted to southern
Vietnam,
Cambodia and eastern Thailand. It may be
quite common in the forests along the Cambodian
border, but this shy species is often inconspicuous.
Habitat Montane forest.

Little is known abut the ecology of D. murina. It is
a diurnal species living in the lower forest canopy, but
also foraging on the ground. These animals are more
arboreal than T. glis with which they are sympatric
(Lekagul and McNeely, 1977).
GENUS
Tupaia
The genus Tupaia is
the most well-represented
and widespread genus of
tree shrews, with 14 species
currently recognised.
Common tree shrew

(Tupaia glis)
Taxonomy: Tupaia glis Diard 1820.
Description
Hairs on the upper part are
banded dark and pale
appearing finely speckled
brown or reddish brown.
Usually has a pale stripe on
each shoulder (Payne et. al
1985).
Distribution
Habitat
T. glis occurs widely in

plantations and gardens, as
well as natural forest. It has
been recorded up to
1120m in Borneo and
1420m on Peninsular
Malaysia.
This species occupies a very wide

distribution: from south of the
Isthmus of Kra (Thailand)

through the Malay
Peninsula to Indonesia
(Sumatra and Java), and
on the following small
islands.
This species is more terrestrial than arboreal

feeding mainly on invertebrates but also fruit.
It is a diurnal, territorial
The pair bond between a male and female seems
pronounced found males to pair with l-3 females.
Javan tree shrew (Tupaia javanica)

Taxonomy
Tupaia javanica
Horsfield 1822.
IUCN Category of Threat

Lower Risk (subcategory Least Concern).
Habitat
The habitat
requirements of this
species are not known.
Distribution
Bali, Java, West
Sumatra and the Island
of Nias (Indonesia).
Pygmy/Lesser tree shrew

(Tupaia minor)
T.m. caedis (North
Borneo)
T.m. humeralis (West
Sumatra)
T.m. malccana
(Lingga Island)
T.m. minor (Borneo)
T.m. sincipis (Sinkep
Island).
Tupaia minor Gunther 1876.

IUCN Category of Threat: Lower Risk (subcategory Least Concern).
Habitat
In Borneo, found in plantations,
forest and gardens up to 1700m.
Distribution
This species is found in Peninsular Thailand,
Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo and the
smaller islands of Singkep Lingga, Banggi,
Balembangan and Laut.
On Borneo, T.m.minor is found throughout the
lowlands and hills except in the north-east. T.m.
caedis has been recorded from eastern Sabah
from Kudat to Kalabakan, as well as Banggi and
Balambangan islands (Payne et al., 1985).
Ecology and
behaviour
Diurnal and arboreal. Feeds on
insects and fruit
Ruddy tree shrew

(Tupaia splendidula)
T.s. splendidula from
mainland Borneo
and the Natuna
Islands
T.s. carimatae from
Karimata Island
(North Natuna
Islands).
Tupaia splendidula Gray 1865.

UCN Category of Threat: Lower
Risk (subcategory Least Concern).
Distribution This species occurs in the

lowlands of Borneo and adjacent islands
of Bunguran (North Natuna Islands) and
Karimata Island.
Habitat: Lowland forest.
Ecology and behaviour: Diurnal. Otherwise unknown.
Large tree shrew

(Tupaia tana)
Since the critical review of

nomenclature by Lyon
(1913) the following
subspecies have been
proposed for Borneo
(Medway, 1977):
Tupaia Raffles 1821.
IUCN Category of Threat: Lower Risk

(subcategory Least Concern).
T.t. besara,
T.t. speciosa,
T.t. utara,
T.t. nitida,
T.t. kelabit,
T.t. chrysura,
T.t. paitana
T.t. kretami.
Description
All subspecies have a basically similar coloration: upper parts paler
towards the front of the body and darker towards the rear. Dark
midline also obvious. Ventral coloration reddish-buff.
Distribution
This species occurs on Sumatra and Borneo (up to
including the following islands: Tana Balu and Tana Mara
(Batu Islands); Tuangku (Banjak Island); Lingga, Banggi;
Sirhassen (South Natuna Island), Big Tambelan and Bunoa
(Tambelan Island).
Habitat
Rarely found outside of tall forest or dense,
shaded areas in secondary forest.

Diurnal, mainly terrestrial in dense forest. Feeds
on arthropods, earthworms and fruit (Payne et al.,
1985).
GENUS
UROGALE
Philippine tree shrew

(Urogale everetti)
Tupaia everetti Thomas 1892.
This genus comprises a single species

and is only found in the Philippines.
IUCN Category of Threat: Vulnerable (B1 and 2c)
Habitat
Montane forest.

The Philippine tree shrew is omnivorous, feeding on a wide range of
insects, fruit, lizards and small mammals.
This species has been maintained and bred in several zoos.
The gestation period is probably 54-56 days, with just l-2 young
produced.
Distribution
This species is confined to the Island of Mindanao
(collected from Mt. Apo in the Philippines, as
well as adjacent smaller islands of Dinagat and
Siargao.
Sub-family Ptilocercinae
GENUS Ptilocercus
The pen-tailed or feather-tailed tree shrew is the

only species within the genus Ptilocercus.
Pen-tailed tree shrew

(Ptilocercus lowi)
Ptilocercus lowi Gray 1848.
IUCN Category of Threat
Lower Risk (subcategory
Least Concern).
Distribution:
This elegant looking species is found in forested regions of
Peninsular Thailand, Peninsular, Banka, Malaysia, Sumatra,
North and north-west Borneo and small adjacent islands of
Labuan, Sirhassen, Pinie (Batu Islands), Kariman and Siberut
(Mentawai Islands).
Habitat:
Largely canopy-dwelling animals, pen-tailed tree
shrews are found in forests and gardens- They are
much less at ease when on the ground compared
with other species of tree shrew (Lim, 1967).

feed mainly on insects and fruit, although in
captivity they may also accept meat.
They are largely nocturnal in habit (the only tree
shrew which displays this habit)
excellent climbers, using the elongate tail for
support and balance.
They nest in holes in tree trunks or branches 2030m high. The nest consists a simple structure of
dried leaves, twigs and fibres of soft wood.

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Ordo INSECTIVORA

Rizqi Nur Alifah

Madras tree shrew

Distribution: This species is only found in

Habitat: Occurs to at least 1400m

Ecology and behaviour

Bornean smooth-tailed tree shrew

D.m. melanura has been recorded from Mt

D.m. baluensis has been recorded from Mt

Ecology and behaviour

Northern smooth-tailed tree shrew

Habitat Montane forest.

Ecology and behaviour

Common tree shrew

Taxonomy: Tupaia glis Diard 1820.

T. glis occurs widely in

This species occupies a very wide

Isthmus of Kra (Thailand)

This species is more terrestrial than arboreal

Ecology and behaviour

Javan tree shrew (Tupaia javanica)

IUCN Category of Threat

Pygmy/Lesser tree shrew

Tupaia minor Gunther 1876.

Ruddy tree shrew

Tupaia splendidula Gray 1865.

Distribution This species occurs in the

Habitat: Lowland forest.

Ecology and behaviour: Diurnal. Otherwise unknown.

Large tree shrew

Since the critical review of

Tupaia Raffles 1821.

IUCN Category of Threat: Lower Risk

Ecology and behaviour

Philippine tree shrew

This genus comprises a single species

Ecology and behaviour

The pen-tailed or feather-tailed tree shrew is the

Pen-tailed tree shrew

Ecology and behaviour

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