7 0 Dasar Trafo
7 0 Dasar Trafo
7 0 Dasar Trafo
Transformer
1
.
Rs=0,05 ohm/10km
50 V
120 V
70 kVA
70V
120 kVA
50 kVA
70 kVA
58 %
High Voltage
1A
70 kV
70 kVA
Rs=0,05 ohm/10km
0,05 V
70 kVA
70kV
0,05 VA
70 kVA
Transformer
are important to modern power system
Low voltage
High Voltage
380 V/20 kV
20 kV/380 V
Transformer
1. Power Frequency , 50/60 Hz
2. Radio frequency, > 30 kHz
1. Power Transformer
2. Instrument Transformer
I P (t)
+
V P (t)
I S (t)
vP (t ) N P
a
vS (t ) N S
+
V S (t)
-
Turn ratio a
NP
NS
I P (t)
+
V P (t)
I S (t)
N P .i P (t ) N S .I S (t )
+
V S (t)
-
Turn ratio a
iP (t ) 1
iS (t ) a
I S (t)
V P (t)
+
V S (t)
VP
a
VS
IP 1
IS a
PIN VP I P cos P
Power
input
POUT VS I S cos
P S
Turn ratio
equation
POUT VS I S cos S
VS V P / a and I S aI P
POUT
VP
aI P cos PIN
a
Active
power
reactive
power
Apparent
power
S OUT VS I S VP I P S IN
Evaluasi
Untuk memahami konsep trafo ideal berikan ke
mahasiswa, contoh sederhana misalnya :
Cara mendapatkan tegangan sekunder y volt
jika tegangan primernya x volt.
Arus sekunder b ampere pada tegangan y
volt, cari arus primer a ampere pada
tegangan X volt.
Ambil nilai x dan y yang bedanya sangat
besar
Soal pada sistem 1 fasa dulu saja.
Impedance Transformer
Impedance =
ratio of the phasor voltage across it ti the phasor current
IL
VL
ZL
IL
Impedance Transformer
IP
VP
Z 'L
IP
+
V
+
V
if
VP aVS
IS
VS
ZL
IS
IP IS / a
aVS
VP
2 VS
Z 'L
a
IP IS / a
IS
Z 'L a 2 Z L
I P (t)
+
V P (t)
I S (t)
V S (t)
-
Flux
linkage
eind
dt
i
i 1
N
eind
d
N
dt
max cos t
e N max sin t
RMS Value
N m
E
4,44 fN m
2
d
e N
dt
Transformer Losses
Copper (I2R) losses
Eddy current losses
Hysteresis losses
Leakage flux
j I1 X
I1 R
IC
aV
2
Im
I0
I 2 /a
aI 2 R
I1
Test on transformers
Open-Circuit Test
1
GC
RC
YE GC jBM
Magnitude admittance
I OC
YE
VOC
BM
1
XM
1
1
YE
j
RC
XC
Power Factor
Power Factor angle
Admittance
POC
cos
VOC .I OC
1
I OC
YE
V OC
I OC
YE
cos 1 PF
V OC
Test on transformers
Short-Circuit Test
Series impedance
VSC
I SC
PSC
PF cos
VSC .I SC
Therefore,
Z SE
VSC 0 0
VSC
I SC I SC
PSC
cos
VSC .I SC
1
Z SE Req jX eq
Admittance
Z SE ( RP a 2 RS ) j ( X P a 2 X S )
2.2
The equivalent circuit impedances of a 20 kVA, 8000 / 240 V, 60 Hz
transformer are to be determined. The open circuit test were performed
on the primary side of the transformer, and the following data were
taken :
Open-circuit
test (on
V primary)
= 8000 V
Shots-circuit
test (on
VOCprimary)
= 489 V
IOC = 0,214 A
IOC = 2,5 A
POC = 400 W
POC = 240 W
OC
Ip
+
Vp
Req
38.4
I h e
Im
Rc
159 k
j Xm
j 38.4 k
j X eq
Is
a
j 192
+
a Vs
In single-phase system :
Z base
Vbase
I base
Ybase
I base
Vbase
Z base
(Vbase ) 2
S base
VR
x 100 %
Efficiency
Pout
x 100 %
Pin
Pout
x 100 %
Pout Ploss
Autotransformer
IH
Step-down autotransformer
I SE
VC N C
VSE N SE
SE
IL
IC
V
C
VL
NC
VH N SE N C
N C I C N SE I SE
VL VC
VH VC VSE
I H I SE
I L I SE I C
I L N SE N C
IH
NC
S IO N SE N C
SW
N SE
SW S IO
N SE
28
Three-phase transformer
P1
S1
P2
S2
P3
S3
P1
P2
P3
S1
S2
S3
Wye-wye (Yy)
Wye-delta (Yd)
Delta-wye (Dy)
Delta-delta (Dd)
V P
V S
VLP
VLS
3 V P
3 V S
VLP
VLS
3 V P
V S
VLP
3a
VLS
VLS
3 V S
VLP
a
VLS
3
VLP V P
a
VLS V S
Instrument transformers
Potential transformer (PT)
Current transformers (CT)
CT
PT
S
V
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