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    Guide For The Design and Production of LV Compensation Cubicles

    Uploaded by

    Masrur Afifin
    The document provides guidelines for designing and installing LV compensation cubicles, including: - Capacitor units must be installed for efficient natural air cooling with a 25mm distance between units. - Power factor relays require settings like a 50sec minimum time delay and automatic C/K search. - Reactors that generate heat from detuning must be located separately or above capacitors with forced cooling. - Ventilation is calculated based on cubicle size and capacitor kVAR to maintain safe temperatures.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Guide For The Design and Production of LV Compensation Cubicles

    Uploaded by

    Masrur Afifin
    287 views23 pages
    The document provides guidelines for designing and installing LV compensation cubicles, including: - Capacitor units must be installed for efficient natural air cooling with a 25mm distance between units. - Power factor relays require settings like a 50sec minimum time delay and automatic C/K search. - Reactors that generate heat from detuning must be located separately or above capacitors with forced cooling. - Ventilation is calculated based on cubicle size and capacitor kVAR to maintain safe temperatures.

    Original Description:

    teknik listrik

    Original Title

    Design of LV Capacitor Banks

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    The document provides guidelines for designing and installing LV compensation cubicles, including: - Capacitor units must be installed for efficient natural air cooling with a 25mm distance between units. - Power factor relays require settings like a 50sec minimum time delay and automatic C/K search. - Reactors that generate heat from detuning must be located separately or above capacitors with forced cooling. - Ventilation is calculated based on cubicle size and capacitor kVAR to maintain safe temperatures.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    287 views23 pages

    Guide For The Design and Production of LV Compensation Cubicles

    Uploaded by

    Masrur Afifin
    The document provides guidelines for designing and installing LV compensation cubicles, including: - Capacitor units must be installed for efficient natural air cooling with a 25mm distance between units. - Power factor relays require settings like a 50sec minimum time delay and automatic C/K search. - Reactors that generate heat from detuning must be located separately or above capacitors with forced cooling. - Ventilation is calculated based on cubicle size and capacitor kVAR to maintain safe temperatures.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    You are on page 1of 23
    At a glance
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    The key takeaways from the document are the design rules, installation guidelines, protection measures and maintenance procedures for capacitor bank cubicles.

    The main design considerations for a capacitor bank cubicle include capacitor unit installation layout and spacing, cooling system sizing, protection device ratings, and compartmentalization for reactors.

    The factors that affect the temperature rating of capacitor units include the ambient air temperature, installation configuration, voltage class, and reactive power rating of the capacitors based on IEC 831 standards.

    Guide for the design and

    production of LV compensation
    cubicles

    Design rules and critical parameters


    In addition to the general design rules applicable for electrical panels,
    specific recommendations have to be followed for capacitor
    assembling and installation
    capacitor units installation
    power factor relay settings
    contactor specification
    reactors characteristics and location
    air cooling system efficiency
    capacitor bank protection
    capacitor bank - routine test
    preventive - corrective - maintenance

    Rectiphase/REC11EN-

    Capacitor units installation


    The capacitor units must be installed in a position so that natural air
    cooling is efficient. In addition, a minimum 25mm distance is required
    between two capacitor units
    wrong position

    Rectiphase/REC11EN-

    correct position

    Capacitor bank drawing

    Rectiphase/REC11EN-

    Varplus and temperature class


    The capacitor units are designed in order to withstand ambient
    temperatures according to IEC 831 standard
    Symbol
    A
    B
    C
    D

    Ambient air temperature C (1)


    Maximum
    Highest average over all periods of
    24 hours
    1 year
    40
    30
    20
    45
    35
    25
    50
    40
    30
    55
    45
    35

    (1) Ambient air temperature : temperature around capacitor only (not


    in the electrical room)
    Assembling can modify the temperature category of the capacitor
    units
    temperature
    class

    -25/D
    -25/C
    -25/B

    ambient air temperature (C)


    reactive power (kvar)
    max
    highest average
    over all periods of
    24 hours 1 year
    230/240V
    400/415V
    55
    45
    35 up to 40
    up to 65
    50
    40
    30 41 to 50
    67.5 to 90
    45
    35
    25 51 to 60
    92.5 to 100

    Rectiphase/REC11EN-

    440/470V
    up to 76
    77 to 100

    480/525V
    up to 85
    86 to 100

    550/590V
    up to 100

    600/690V
    up to 100

    Power factor relay setting


    The power factor relay supplies automatic settings
    insensitive to CT direction
    insensitive to phase rotation polarities
    automatic search of C/K
    The power factor relay requires several settings
    time delay : 50 sec minimum (compulsory)
    sequence : n, CA, CB, S
    CK : depends on the power of the smallest step and CT ratio
    cos phi targeted

    Rectiphase/REC11EN-

    Physical steps - Electrical steps : Explanations


    Due to the switching programs of the regulator ( 1.1.1 , 1.1.2 , 1.2.2 ,
    1.2.4 ...... ) the number of electrical steps may be higher than the
    apparent number of capacitors
    CA : All the steps have the same power (1.1.1)
    CB : Steps 2, 3 ..6 power = Twice step 1 power (1.2.2)
    n : Step 2 power = Step 1 power (1.1.2)
    all others steps = Twice step 1 power
    n : Step 2 power = Twice step 1 power (1.2.4)
    all others steps = Four time step 1 power

    Rectiphase OFFER2EN

    How to find the number of electrical steps ?


    1.1.1.1.1.1 = 1+1+1+1+1+1 = 6 electrical steps with 6 outputs of the
    regulator used
    1.2.2.2.2.2 =1+2+2+2+2+2 = 11 electrical steps with 6 outputs of the
    regulator used
    1.1.2.2.2.2 = 1+1+2+2+2+2 = 10 electrical steps with 6 outputs of the
    regulator used
    1.2.4.4.4.4 = 1+2+4+4+4+4 = 19 electrical steps with 6 outputs of the
    regulator used

    Rectiphase/REC11EN-

    Physical steps - Electrical steps : example


    Rectimat 2 : 105 kvar
    electrical steps : 7*15 kvar
    physical steps : 15+30+60 kvar
    switching programs : 1.2.4= 1+2+4 = 7 electrical steps
    Output power
    kvar
    15
    30
    45
    60
    75
    90
    105

    Rectiphase OFFER2EN

    15 kvar
    1
    0
    1
    0
    1
    0
    1

    Physical steps
    30 kvar
    0
    1
    1
    0
    0
    1
    1

    60 kvar
    0
    0
    0
    1
    1
    1
    1

    Contactor specification
    Capacitor switching is followed
    Tlmcanique LC1-D.K
    by transient phenomena
    contactors have been designed
    resulting from capacitor charging
    for capacitor switching
    Network
    voltage

    Capacitor
    voltage
    Peak closing
    current

    Capacitor
    current

    Oscillation
    frequency

    Rectiphase/REC11EN-

    10

    Contactor solution
    Standard contactor
    Inrush current > 200 In main contacts damaged
    capacitor destruction
    Tlmcanique LC1-D.K contactor
    pre-insertion block (inrush current reduction)
    long life : 300 000 switching cycles -400V

    Rectiphase/REC11EN-

    11

    Reactors characteristics and location


    detuned type capacitor bank :
    overrated capacitor unit + detuned reactor
    standard tuning level 215 Hz or 5.4%
    As the detuned reactors generates heat,
    particular attention must be paid to :
    the location of these reactors
    separate compartments if possible (1)
    and the air cooling system
    a forced air cooling system is required
    (1) If not, the reactors must be fitted above the
    capacitors

    Rectiphase/REC11EN-

    12

    Air cooling system efficiency


    Typical heating
    loose capacitors : 0.7 W/kvar
    standard and overrated range : 2.5 W/kvar
    detuning range : 7 W/kvar
    Joule losses for reactors
    DR : 12.5 kvar = 80 W
    DR : 25 kvar = 160 W
    DR : 50 kvar = 300 W
    DR : 100 kvar = 400 W

    Rectiphase/REC11EN-

    13

    Ventilation calculation
    Standard and overrated types
    maximum temperature : 40C
    average temperature over 24 hours (electrical room) : 35C
    average annual temperature : 25C
    cubicle dimension : 2000 (H) x 400 (D) x 800 (L)
    system voltage : 400V 50Hz, IP=3X

    Q
    ventilation
    air inlet
    (kvar)
    type
    air flow
    90
    natural
    200 cm
    180
    natural
    300 cm
    210
    natural
    400 cm
    3
    > 210
    forced
    fan (m /h)=Q/2
    (1) air inlet : Xcm => air outlet = X x 1.1 cm
    example : air inlet : 200 cm => air outlet : 220cm

    Rectiphase/REC11EN-

    14

    Ventilation calculation
    Standard and overrated types : example
    maximum temperature : 40C
    average temperature over 24 hours (electrical room) : 35C
    average annual temperature : 25C
    cubicle dimension : 2000 (H) x 400 (D)
    system voltage : 400V 50Hz, IP=3X
    Q = 600 kvar
    Fan calculation (m3/h) = Q/2 => fan needed = 300 m3/h

    Rectiphase/REC11EN-

    15

    Ventilation calculation
    detuned type
    maximum temperature : 40C
    average temperature over 24 hours (electrical room) : 35C
    average annual temperature : 25C
    cubicle dimension : 2000 (H) x 400 (D) x 800 (L)
    system voltage : 400V 50Hz, IP=3X
    detuned capacitor bank must be ventilated
    reactors have to be located either separate compartment or other
    cubicle
    ventilation of capacitor cubicle : same rules as standard and
    overrated type
    ventilation of reactor cubicle
    air flow calculation => AF = 0,3 x DP
    DP : dissipated power (W)

    Rectiphase/REC11EN-

    16

    Ventilation calculation
    Detuned type : example
    maximum temperature : 40C
    average temperature over 24 hours (electrical room) : 35C
    average annual temperature : 25C
    cubicle dimension : 2000 (H) x 400 (D) x 800 (L)
    system voltage : 400V 50Hz, IP=3X
    Q = 300 kvar (50+50+2x100 kvar)
    ventilation of capacitor cubicle : 150 m3/h
    ventilation of reactor cubicle
    AF= 0.3 x DP
    DP = (300x2) + (450x2) = 1500 W
    AF= 450 m3/h

    Rectiphase/REC11EN-

    17

    Capacitor bank protection


    Circuit breaker rating

    Fuse HRC rating

    Standard type

    1.36 IN

    1.6 IN

    Overrated type

    1.5 IN

    1.6 IN

    DR type (6.9%)
    tuning 3.8

    1.19 IN

    DR type
    tuning 4.3 (5.4%)

    1.5 IN
    1.31 IN

    IN = Q/3/U
    IN = 60 kvar/3/400V = 86.6 A
    When set of fuses protects two steps => coefficient : 1.41IN
    Ith : 10IN

    Rectiphase/REC11EN-

    18

    Capacitor bank - Routine test


    Dielectric test : 2500V 50Hz 1min
    Test done between 3 phases short circuit and earth (insulation
    measurement can be done under 500V with R>1000 ohms/V
    Conformity (drawing, list of components)
    Visual aspect (wiring, IP, panels)
    Control wiring test (eventually)
    test report

    Rectiphase/REC11EN-

    19

    Preventive / Corrective - Maintenance


    General information
    activity of the plant
    capacitor bank description and pictures/drawing
    Ambient conditions
    temperature (room and capacitor bank)
    harmonic pollution
    Power factor relay checking
    time delay
    C/K
    contactors used (specifics, loop of cables)
    auto/ON/OFF selector

    Rectiphase/REC11EN-

    20

    Harmonic pollution - Assessment and solutions

    GH : total power (kvar) of harmonic generator


    SN : nominal power of the transformer (kvar)
    S : apparent power consumed during measurement
    calculation

    measurement

    Standard range

    GH
    ------ 15%
    SN

    S
    Thd (A) x ------- < 5%
    SN

    Overrated range

    GH
    15% < ----- 25%
    SN

    S
    5% < Thd (A) x------ 10%
    SN

    Detuned range

    GH
    25% < ------ 60%
    SN

    S
    10% < Thd (A) x----- < 20%
    SN

    Rectiphase/REC11EN-

    21

    Capacitor bank assembling - Best practices

    Respect of discharge of capacitor (fix and automatic)


    Temperature (capacitor, electrical room)
    Reactors and capacitor location
    Harmonic pollution
    Capacitor switching

    Rectiphase/REC11EN-

    22

    Capacitor bank installation - Best practices

    CT location
    Temperature
    Regulator setting
    CB

    Rectiphase/REC11EN-

    23

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