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Fire Detection and Suppression

Fire pumps are used to increase water pressure for sprinkler and standpipe systems. The main types are split-case and vertical turbine pumps. Pump drivers include electric motors, diesel engines, and steam turbines. Pump controllers govern pump operation based on pressure. Installation requires piping, valves, gauges, and accessories according to NFPA standards. Routine testing ensures pumps meet performance standards for pressure and flow.

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niti860
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69 views

Fire Detection and Suppression

Fire pumps are used to increase water pressure for sprinkler and standpipe systems. The main types are split-case and vertical turbine pumps. Pump drivers include electric motors, diesel engines, and steam turbines. Pump controllers govern pump operation based on pressure. Installation requires piping, valves, gauges, and accessories according to NFPA standards. Routine testing ensures pumps meet performance standards for pressure and flow.

Uploaded by

niti860
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 33

Fire Detection and

Suppression
Chapter 4
Fire Pumps

Fire Pump Functions


The main function of a fire pump is to
increase the pressure of the water that flows
through it.
Inadequate or nonexistent municipal water
supply system
Sprinkler systems and standpipe systems

4-2

Fire Pumps

Common Fire Pump Types


Split-case pumps (see Fig. 4.2 in manual)
Horizontal: not self-priming

(Continue
d)

4-3

Fire Pumps

Common Fire Pump Types


Horizontal: not self-priming

(Continued)

4-4

Fire Pumps

Common Fire Pump Types


Single-stage and multiple-stage
Maintenance
Packing gland

Wear rings

4-5

Fire Pumps

Common Fire Pump Types


Split-case pumps (cont.)
Vertically mounted

4-6

Fire Pumps

Common Fire Pump Types


Vertical shaft turbine pumps

(Continued)

4-7

Fire Pumps

Common Fire Pump Types


Pressurized water source

4-8

Fire Pumps

Pump Drivers
Engines or motors used to turn the pump
Power requirements
Types
Electric motors
Required power

(Continued)

4-9

Fire Pumps

Pump Drivers
Mounting

(Continued)

4-10

Fire Pumps

Pump Drivers
Mounting (cont.)

Maintenance
(Continued)

4-11

Fire Pumps

Pump Drivers
Types (cont.)
Diesel engine drivers
Engine power
Gear drives
Engine requirements
Cooling system
Fuel storage
Maintenance
(Continued)

4-12

Fire Pumps

Pump Drivers
Types (cont.)
Steam turbines
Horizontal and vertical shaft
Limited feasibility

4-13

Fire Pumps

Pump Controllers
Govern pump operation
Controllers for electric
motor-driven pumps
Switches
Multiple pumps
connected in parallel
Manual shutdown
(Continued)

4-14

Fire Pumps

Pump Controllers (cont.)


Diesel engine controllers
Main function is to close the circuit between the
storage batteries and the engine starter motor.
Alarm and signal devices

(Continued)

4-15

Fire Pumps

Pump Controllers (cont.)


Pressure recording device
Manual shutdown
Weekly startup

4-16

Fire Pumps

Pump Installation Components


and Accessories
Pipe and fittings
Materials
Valves
Standards
Suction piping: NFPA 24, Standard for the Installation
of Private Fire Service Mains and Their Appurtenances
Discharge piping: NFPA 24 and NFPA 13, Standard for
the Installation of Sprinkler Systems

Sizing

4-17

(Continued)

Fire Pumps

Pump Installation Components


and Accessories (cont.)
Relief valves
Prevent pressures that are high enough to
damage system piping or fittings
Required only if pressure at churn is high enough
to damage system components
Sizing

(Continued)

4-18

Fire Pumps

Pump Installation Components


and Accessories (cont.)
Circulation relief valve: provides enough
water flow into and out of the pump to
prevent the pump from overheating when
operating at churn against a closed system
Test equipment
Test manifold
GPM metering device
(Continued)

4-19

Fire Pumps

Pump Installation Components


and Accessories (cont.)
Pressure maintenance pumps
Prevent false starts due to fluctuations in
pressure of water supply to pump
Small-capacity, high-pressure pumps that
maintain constant pressure on system
(Continued)

4-20

Fire Pumps

Pump Installation Components


and Accessories (cont.)
Gauges
Horizontal split-case pumps and vertical shaft
pumps
One gauge near discharge port
One gauge near intake

Vertical turbine pump: single gauge on discharge


side
(Continued)

4-21

Fire Pumps

Pump Installation Components


and Accessories (cont.)
Component arrangement
Typical arrangement

(Continued)

4-22

Fire Pumps

Pump Installation Components


and Accessories (cont.)
Additional bypass line

(Continued)

4-23

Fire Pumps

Pump Installation Components


and Accessories (cont.)
Horizontal-shaft pump installation (See Fig. 4.23
in manual)
Vertical-shaft pump installation (See Fig. 4.24 in
manual)

Standard performance specifications: NFPA


20, Standard for the Installation of Centrifugal
Fire Pumps

4-24

Fire Pumps

Testing, Inspection,
and Maintenance
Testing fire pumps
Piping: hydrostatic testing
Acceptance testing
Certified shop test curves
Standard performance points:
1. Maximum of 140 percent of rated pressure at 0 gpm.
2. Minimum of 100 percent of rated pressure at 100
percent of rated flow.
3. A minimum of 65 percent of rated pressure at 150
percent of rated flow.
(Continued)

4-25

Fire Pumps

Testing, Inspection,
and Maintenance
Equipment needed for pump tests
One section of 2 1/2-inch or larger hose for each
hose connection on the test header
One Underwriters playpipe for each hoseline
Method for safely securing playpipes
Pitot tube and gauge
Method of measuring pump speed
Voltmeter and ammeter
(Continued)

4-26

Fire Pumps

Testing, Inspection,
and Maintenance
Conversion of velocity pressure to gpm:
Q=(29.83)(Cd)(D2)(P)
Where:
Q=Flow in gpm
Cd=Coefficient of discharge
D=Discharge orifice diameter
P=Nozzle pressure
(Continued)

4-27

Fire Pumps

Testing, Inspection,
and Maintenance (cont.)
Acceptance test on an electric horizontal
split-case pump
Step 1: Calculate the expected pitot pressure for
100 percent and 150 percent of the rated
flow.
Step 2: Connect all the hoselines and nozzles.
Step 3: Close the indicating control valve that
separates the pump from the fire system.
(Continued)

4-28

Fire Pumps

Testing, Inspection,
and Maintenance
Acceptance test on an electric horizontal
split-case pump (cont.):
Step 4: Connect the ammeter and voltmeter to the
test leads in the controller or at any other
appropriate location.
Step 5: If using a handheld revolution counter to
measure pump speed, remove end plate of
motor for access to shaft.
(Continued)

4-29

Fire Pumps

Testing, Inspection,
and Maintenance
Acceptance test on an electric horizontal
split-case pump (cont.):
Step 6: If end of shaft is not accessible, use a
strobe-type tachometer.
Step 7: Start the pump.
Step 8: Open the control valve in the line leading to
the test header and open the hose valves
for the first gpm measurement.
(Continued)

4-30

Fire Pumps

Testing, Inspection,
and Maintenance
Acceptance test on an electric horizontal splitcase pump (cont.):
Step 9: Open and adjust sufficient lines to exact
required pitot pressures for 100 percent of
rated flow.
Step 10: When all readings are complete and
recorded, open and adjust additional
hoselines to the exact required pitot
pressures for 150 percent of the rated flow.
(Continued)

4-31

Fire Pumps

Testing, Inspection,
and Maintenance
Acceptance test on an electric horizontal
split-case pump (cont.):
Repetitions
Manually controlled
Automatically controlled
Electrically driven pump

(Continued)

4-32

Fire Pumps

Testing, Inspection,
and Maintenance
Acceptance test on an electric horizontal
split-case pump (cont.):
Evaluating data
Performance curves
Pump speed
Voltage and current for electrically driven pump

Acceptance test on a vertical shaft electric


pump
Acceptance test on a diesel driven pump
4-33

Fire Pumps

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