Nutrition-Sensitive Programming

Kilifi County Stakeholder Consultative
Meeting
On
Nutrition-Sensitive Asset Creation

Programming
Charles Songok, Joyce Owigar & Jackline Gatimu
19th May 2015
1. Overview of Asset Creation (Cash for Assets - CFA)

. asset creation WFP supported initiatives targeting food insecure HHs in the
ASALs to build their capacity to harness rainwater for productive use (and enable HH
be food self-sufficient & building resilience to FS shocks)
Asset creation implemented using
2 modalities:
1.Cash for Assets - Marginal Agric.
Counties
2.Food for Assets (FFA) Arid
Counties
Main Activities:
Food production (income)
Pasture and Browse production
(livestock)
Access to water
Environmental conservation
Target ASAL Counties:
Arid: Baringo, Garissa, Isiolo,
Mandera, Marsabit [Moyale],
Tana River, Turkana;
Semi-Arid: Kwale, Taita Taveta, Kilifi,
Makueni, Kitui, Tharaka Nithi
1.1. Outcomes of Asset Creation (CFA)

1. Improved pasture and browse production.
2. Improved diversification of food and Income sources (increased
crop production, incomes from gums and resins, aloe vera, and
other range plants).
3. Improved access to water for both human and livestock
consumption.
4. Reduced environmental degradation.
5. Improved access to markets and other sources of food (feeder
roads).
6. Improved capacity to Implement resilience building activities
1.2 PRRO Programme Pillars
3 Pillars of PRRO
Relief
Recovery
Preparedness
Unconditional transfers
(GFD/UCT)
Food for Assets

(FFA)
Early warning system

(SRA and LRA)
Nutrition (SF)
Cash for assets

(CFA)
Contingency planning
Why PRRO (Protracted Relief & Recovery Operations)?

Due to persistent shocks in the ASALs, there was a critical need to Assist disaster-hit
communities to participate in longer-term recovery interventions, by building the
resilience of vulnerable households & communities to shocks.
(Rebuilding & protecting livelihoods; Reduce risks to Disasters; Adapt to climate change)
2. Nutrition Interventions
1. Nutrition-Specific Intervention: Mainly address immediate determinants of
Malnutrition
2. Nutrition-sensitive Intervention: Focus on underlying and systemic causes of
Malnutrition
Nutrition specific intervention alone will not eliminate under-nutrition;

however in combination with Nutrition-Sensitive interventions, there is
enormous potential to enhance the effectiveness of nutrition investment.
Nutrition sensitive Interventions includes:

Nutrition Sensitive agriculture (crop & livestock) link to CFA.
Nutrition Education food consumption habits
Water, Sanitation and hygiene (WASH)
Food safety and processing
Early childhood care giving and development.
Economic strengthening, livelihoods, and social protection.
Family planning: healthy timing and spacing of pregnancy.
2.1 WFP supported Nutrition Interventions & Gaps

Nutrition Interventions
Existing WFP supported nutrition-specific interventions :
Treatment of moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) in young children and pregnant &
lactating women (Key partner - MoH).
Micronutrient and stunting preventive intervention to all children 6-23 months in Arid counties
(MNPs).
Technical support ensuring good quality programmes at national, county and health facility
level.
Policy and strategy formulation on food and nutrition security.
Gaps:
Need:
MAM- wide coverage but deals with nutrition in

terms of treatment (CURATIVE).
Surveys & FSOM Findings: High stunting &

Low food consumption scores, even in CFA
areas
WFP supported schools lacked consistent and

focus nutrition interventions
CFFA - Nutrition not integrated in programme
design (production, utilisation, nutrition education,
etc).
Asset creation designed without clear nutrition
goals/objectives, thus in its current form may not
fully contribute towards optimising nutrition
outcomes
Nutrition education missed opportunity to

integrate nutrition goals in C/FFA not
harnessed)
Need to address the underlying causes of
malnutrition
nutrition-sensitive
programmes (C/FFA included)
3. Why nutrition-sensitivity in Asset Creation Programming?

Food Security can never be attained without Nutrition goals/outcomes
CFA projects: build the capacity of food insecure households in the ASALs to
harness rainwater (use simple technologies) for production
Opportunity to transfer practical skills & knowledge that promote FS &
nutrition goals
Opportunity to optimise the impact of CFA projects
Essential entry point to integrate FS and nutrition needs thru crop and
livestock production, thus (shift from treatment to prevention) and utilisation.
Scale: C/FFA is implemented at large scale (ASALs) and targeted to reach the
poor who suffer from food insecurity [CFA has the potential to address underlying
determinants of malnutrition & other nutrition needs/gaps
Nutrition education: For greater nutrition outcomes, CFA should incorporate
complementing interventions on consumption of food, utilization of transfers and
income for food purchase.
CFA offer possibilities to enhance: nutrition awareness, behavior change on food
consumption habits, linkages with essential health and nutrition interventions, etc.
3.1 Objectives for Nutrition-Sensitive Asset Creation programming

Aim: Integrate nutrition interventions into CFA programming & planning processes
with an aim of improving nutritional outcomes alongside meeting food security goals.
Objectives:
To optimize the utilization of assets in enhancing and
diversifying production in order to contribute towards
meeting FS & nutrition goals.
To improve dietary diversity among CFA HHs &
communities at large, including schools.
Improved dietary
households;
To establish linkages with other relevant

complimentary interventions where feasible (e.g.
Achieved by:
MCHN, WASH, etc)
Extend nutrition information and life skills to the

school environment.
To share best practices / evidence generated to
influence programming and promotion of nutrition in
designing food security projects
diversity
of
Integrating nutrition in production,

diversification; kitchen gardens &
school gardens
Integrating
nutrition
through
utilization, food choices, food
preparation, preservation and
storage at HH/community and
school levels
3.2 Conceptual Model for Implementing Nutrition-Sensitive Programming

Start
CFA &
Nutrition
Situation
Analysis
Analysis on readiness to pilot & accelerate

action on nutrition-Sensitive C/FFA
Programming
NOTE: Successful implementation of nutrition-sensitive interventions

needs to take into account other factors, including: local
leadership/Governance, Capacities to scale up/out, Existing
programmes/systems, Service delivery for nutrition-specific services and
Investment to identify & test opportunities for building synergies.
Define objectives,
activities and target
population/ groups
Target setting
Baseline Conditions
Set baseline
indicators
Process Indicators
Outcome
Indicators
Impact
Indicators
Output Indicators
Monitoring and measuring achievements along the
pathway; modifying/adjusting targets as necessary
Pathway
Process, activities and actions
Integrated C/FFA
Interventions
Impact of
integrated CFA
End Results
Improved production diversification, and
increased utilisation of diverse nutritious
foods
Behaviour change
decision making
on
nutrition
habits,
Improved incomes & livelihood diversification

Source: Adapted and modified from:
Mucha N. Implementing Nutrition-Sensitive Development: Reaching Consensus.
Briefing Paper. Washington DC, USA: Bread for the World, 2012
4. C/FFA PROJECTS PLANNING PROCESS

Fa
cil
ita
ted
C
Dis omm
ast uni
t
er
Ris y-Ma
k R na g
us
e
ed
ing
uc d
t
io n
CM
Co
(Id
nc Pro
en
DR
P r ti f y
e
j
R
e
p
o
Ac je FS
c
t
ti o c t
ua t
Outputs of CMDRR:
n P i de & N
liz
l an nt i f nee
1. Development Plan (CAPs)
a
s ( ica ds;
tio 2. Contingency Plan
C A ti o
n; Prio
P
n
Pl s)/ Co riti
a
z
d
n
a
;
E
ing
r
&
ito n
g
n
M tin mo sso )
t
e
c
r
me n, L tices
e
o
o
oj ep Outcluatiot prac
ns
r
P R ts & Eva Bes
u
tp act ng,
u
ASSET CREATION
(O Imp arni
le
PROJECT CYCLE
Im
De mm at
ve un ion
lop ity ;
me
nt
Considerations for Identifying & Developing

Community-managed Asset Creation Project
Proposals
(C
N F ap a
I s cit
,e y
x t bu
en i l d
s i o i ng
n ,r
s e es
r v ou
ice rc
s, e a
t r a llo
in c a
in
g, t i on
et ,
c)
pl Pro
em je
en ct
ta
tio
n
,
n
ig al) t,
s
t De ov men ng
c
e t ( pr elop ardi
j
o n Ap dev aw
r
P me d als , and
n pos sal
p
a
o al pro prai
l
e is ide , Ap
v
a r-w ion
e
r
County/Sub County Proposals:
D pp luste iss
Aligned to CIDP / Sector Plans
A C subm
Technical review by CPSC /

SCPSC)
4.1 Sample Project: Lendorok Irrigation Scheme, Mukutani, Marigat, Baringo County
Outcomes: Improved Yields
Watermelons
Outputs (Designs, bush clearing, Irrigation Canals)
Situation:
In 2005, Londorok experienced cattle rustling
and became insecure for people to settlement
In 2010 the community started FFA with 700
(400 female & 300 male) beneficiaries
The community prioritized rehabilitation of the
irrigation Scheme to promote crop production &
avert cattle rustling.
Irrigation key in rebuilding community
livelihoods and creating household assets.
117 HHs opened up the initial 23 hectare of
irrigation farm & later expanded an additional 6
hectares.
Implementation
Beans
Maize & Vegetables
5. How do we integrate Nutrition in CFA Project Planning Process & Schools?

1. Incorporate nutrition gaps/needs into:
the design and implementation of CFA guidelines

Include specific nutrition objectives in CFA projects and policies.
CFA project planning process and CFA investments priorities
2. Target food insecure and nutritionally vulnerable groups - CBT Guidelines

3. Increase access to diverse, nutrient-dense foods - thru purchase (CFA) or
diversified production (Crop & Livestock)
4. Nutrition Education enabling environment for good nutrition thru knowledge:
Improving storage and preservation of foods to cover lean seasons;

4. Post-Harvest Preservation& Food Fortification: - Increase the nutritional content of
foods thru biofortification [Amaranth flour, Sweet Potato/Banana flour, Moringa powder,
Fermenting cereals (Sorghum, millet), Pumpkin flour and seeds, Micronutrient powders]
5. Hygiene & sanitation education
5. Seek opportunities to work across sectors/stakeholders - Working together across

different sectors, involving other stakeholders is challenging but necessary in achieving
nutrition-sensitive C/FFA outcomes Complementarity/Synergy
IMPORTANT NOTE:
Explore linkages between CFA and other Complimentary interventions e.g Sectors,
Stakeholder initiatives in Counties; CIDP priorities that address FS & security & nutrition

Nutrition-Sensitive Programming

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Kilifi County Stakeholder Consultative

Nutrition-Sensitive Asset Creation

19th May 2015

1. Overview of Asset Creation (Cash for Assets - CFA)

1.1. Outcomes of Asset Creation (CFA)

1.2 PRRO Programme Pillars

Food for Assets

Early warning system

Cash for assets

Why PRRO (Protracted Relief & Recovery Operations)?

Nutrition specific intervention alone will not eliminate under-nutrition;

Nutrition sensitive Interventions includes:

2.1 WFP supported Nutrition Interventions & Gaps

MAM- wide coverage but deals with nutrition in

Surveys & FSOM Findings: High stunting &

WFP supported schools lacked consistent and

Nutrition education missed opportunity to

3. Why nutrition-sensitivity in Asset Creation Programming?

3.1 Objectives for Nutrition-Sensitive Asset Creation programming

To establish linkages with other relevant

Extend nutrition information and life skills to the

Integrating nutrition in production,

3.2 Conceptual Model for Implementing Nutrition-Sensitive Programming

Analysis on readiness to pilot & accelerate

NOTE: Successful implementation of nutrition-sensitive interventions

Improved incomes & livelihood diversification

4. C/FFA PROJECTS PLANNING PROCESS

Considerations for Identifying & Developing

Technical review by CPSC /

Outcomes: Improved Yields

Outputs (Designs, bush clearing, Irrigation Canals)

Maize & Vegetables

5. How do we integrate Nutrition in CFA Project Planning Process & Schools?

the design and implementation of CFA guidelines

2. Target food insecure and nutritionally vulnerable groups - CBT Guidelines

4. Nutrition Education enabling environment for good nutrition thru knowledge:

Improving storage and preservation of foods to cover lean seasons;

5. Hygiene & sanitation education

5. Seek opportunities to work across sectors/stakeholders - Working together across

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