Heredity For JHS

Heredity
Krisnhaliani Wetarini 9P - 04
How’s Reproduction
Process?
Reproduction Process
Sexual Asexual
the
the characteristic
characteristic the characteristic
Combination Identical
involve involve
One parent
Male Female
Sperm Ovum
What’s Hereditary
• It’s
Material
a material which contains the traits or
bequeathed information.
• The hereditary material of living things is called
DNA
• The hereditary unit or the unit of discrete traits is
gene
• A pair of genes that responsible for a bequeathed
is allele
Chromosome
Reproductive Cell
23 chromosomes
Protein
Consists of Chromosome Number of Chromosomes
DNA
(Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid)
Body Cell
46 chromosomes
Consists of
Locus
Contains Homologous Chromosomes
Gene
Chromosome
• The amount of chromosomes in each living thing is
different
• There are 2 types of chromosomes

– Somatic chromosome (autosome)
– Sex chromosome (gonosome or alosome)
• Body cell’s chromosome consist of 22 pairs autosome

and 1 pair gonosome
• Human gonosome contist of X and Y chromosome
• XX for female and XY for male

Keywords of The
Crossing
• Recessive traits, the hidden traits of an organism,
symbolized with small letter
• Dominant traits, the traits which cover up another traits,

symbolized with capital letter
• Homozygote, the pair of genes which is similar
• Heterozygote, the pair of genes which is not similar
• Phenotype, a trait that appears physically and is

observable
• Genotype, a trait that unobservable, permanent and in the

form of gene
• Parental, the parent of the cross

Mendel’s Experiment
• Mendel is the Father of Genetics, which completely
named as Gregor Mendel
• Mendel used Pea Plants for his experiment
• The advantages of using pea plants are
– Easy to grow
– Produce a lot of seeds
– Mature at a fast rate
– Self-pollinated
– Easy to pollinate
– Has seven discrete characteristics

Pea Plant’s Seven Discrete
Characteristics
Mendel’s First Law
• It is called Segregation Law.
• It means during the gamete formation, the gene pair
separated into 2 offspring cells.
• Example

Genotype The kinds of gametes

AA A

Aa A and a
 AABB AB
 Aabb Ab and aB
 AaBb AB, Ab, aB, and ab

• To determine the amount of gametes, we can use this

following formula
The amount of The Kind of Gametes = 2 n
• n is the amount of heterozygote genes
Mendel’s Second Law
• It is called Assortment Law
• It means in fertilization, segregating genes
assort independently with other genes
Inheritance Pattern
Domina
nt
Monohybrid Cross
A dominant monohybrid

cross has characteristic

ad follows :
1) Traits of dominant
genes completely
suppress recessive
genes
2) All F1 generations
have similar
phenotype to
parent with
dominant genes
3) The F2 generations
have 3:1 ratio of
dominant
Intermedi
ate
Monohybrid Cross
Intermediate
 monohybrid cross
(codomimance) has characteristics
as follow:
1) Trait of dominant gene
incompletely covers
recessive gene
2) Heterozygous offspring express
intermediate traits, which
are the mix dominant and
recessive traits
3) F2 generations have 1:2:1 ratio
of dominant phenotype and
recessive phenotype

Dihybrid Cross
• Pure-breeding cross
with two different
traits
• Each traits bequeathed
in the cross is
independent
Backcross and Testcross
Backcross
 Testcross

• The crossing occurs • The crossing occurs

between the between the
offspring with the offspring with the
dominant pure recessive pure
F1 x D o m in a n t F1 x R e ce ssive
breeding
Pa re n parental
ta l breeding parental
Pa re n ta l
__ x AA __ x AA
In h e rita n ce o f B lo o d Ty p e
of H um an
• We use ABO system which was discovered by
Karl Landsteiner
• Blood type is determined by agglutinogen A (IA)

and agglutinogen B (IB)
Blood Type Gene Combination
A A A
I I = A homozygous
B IA
BIiB==ABheterozygous
homozygous
AB Bi B= heterozygous
IA I = (co-dominant)
AO ii = recessive
homozygous
Genetic Disorders
 Pattern of Inheritance in Sex-Linked Gene
• Each chromosome consists • Diseases caused by Y
of particular gene that chromosome-linked gene
does not exits in other are hypertrichosis

(excessive hair on body)
chromosome or linked.
and ichtiosis histrix
• The examples of disease
gravior (scaly skin)
caused by X
•
chromosome-linked gene
are hemophilia, color
blindness and diabetes.
Hemophilia
• A person who carries hemophilia has blood
clotting disorder if they get injured.
Sex Genotype Phenotype

Female XHXH (homozygous dominant) Normal
XHXh (heterrozygous) Normal carrier
XhXh (homozygous recessive) Hemophilia
Male XHY Normal
XhY Hemophilia
Color Blindness
• Color blindness is inability to differentiate
particular colors (partial color blind) and even
all colors (total color blindness)
Sex Genotype Phenotype
Female XCXC (homozygous dominant) Normal
XCXc (heterrozygous) Normal carrier
XcXc (homozygous recessive) Hemophilia
Male XCY Normal
XcY Hemophilia
Pattern of Inheritance in
Autosomal Recessive
Albinism Sickle Cell Anemia

• Albinism is a disorder • Sickle Cell Anemia is a

of gene producing disorder of the blood
melanin. cell which is
crescent-shaped
Thank You for Your Attention
Have a Nice Day 

Heredity For JHS

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Heredity

Consists of Chromosome Number of Chromosomes

Contains Homologous Chromosomes

• There are 2 types of chromosomes

– Sex chromosome (gonosome or alosome)

• Body cell’s chromosome consist of 22 pairs autosome

• Human gonosome contist of X and Y chromosome

• XX for female and XY for male

• Dominant traits, the traits which cover up another traits,

• Homozygote, the pair of genes which is similar

• Heterozygote, the pair of genes which is not similar

• Phenotype, a trait that appears physically and is

• Genotype, a trait that unobservable, permanent and in the

• Parental, the parent of the cross

• Mendel used Pea Plants for his experiment

• The advantages of using pea plants are

– Produce a lot of seeds

– Mature at a fast rate

– Has seven discrete characteristics

• To determine the amount of gametes, we can use this

cross has characteristic

• The crossing occurs • The crossing occurs

• Blood type is determined by agglutinogen A (IA)

does not exits in other are hypertrichosis

Sex Genotype Phenotype

• Albinism is a disorder • Sickle Cell Anemia is a

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