J2EE Overview

J2EE Overview
Ian Cole
Orlando Java Users Group
February 28, 2002
Presentation Overview
Introduction
to J2EE
Explain the major technologies within
the J2EE designation
J2EE applications
J2EE servers
The Java 2 Platform

Platform introduced June, 1999
J2SE Java 2 Standard Edition
J2ME Java 2 Micro Edition
Java for the desktop / workstation

http://java.sun.com/j2se
Java for the consumer device
http://java.sun.com/j2me
J2EE - Java 2 Enterprise Edition
Java for the server

http://java.sun.com/j2ee
The Java 2 Platform
http://java.sun.com/java2/
J2EE Technologies
Java Servlets
JSP
EJB
JMS
JDBC
JNDI
JTA / JTS
JavaMail
JAAS
XML
J2EE Components
http://java.sun.com/j2ee/overview3.html
Java Servlets
Servlets are the Java platform technology of
choice for extending and enhancing web servers.
Servlets provide a component-based, platformindependent method for building web-based
applications, without the performance limitations
of CGI programs.
http://java.sun.com/products/servlets/index.html
Java Servlets
Servlets have access to the entire family of Java
APIs, including the JDBCTM API to access enterprise
databases.
Servlets can also access a library of HTTP-specific
calls and receive all the benefits of the mature Java
language, including portability, performance,
reusability, and crash protection
http://java.sun.com/products/ servlets/index.html
Anatomy of a Servlet
init() the init() function is called when the servlet is

initialized by the server. This often happens on the
first doGet() or doPut() call of the servlet.
destroy() this function is called when the servlet is
being destroyed by the server, typically when the
server process is being stopped.
http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/servlets/lifecycle/index.html
doGet() the doGet() function is called when the

servlet is called via an HTTP GET.
doPost() the doPost() function is called when the
servlet is called via an HTTP POST.
POSTs are a good way to get input from HTML forms
http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/servlets/lifecycle/index.html
HTTPServletRequest object
Information about an HTTP request
Headers
Query String
Session
Cookies
HTTPServletResponse object
Used for formatting an HTTP response
Headers
Status codes
Cookies
Sample Servlet
import java.io.*;
//Apache Tomcat sample code
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
public class HelloWorld extends HttpServlet
{
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws IOException, ServletException
{
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); out.println("<html>");
out.println("<body>");
out.println("<head>");
out.println("<title>Hello World!</title>");
out.println("</head>");
out.println("<body>");
out.println("<h1>Hello World!</h1>");
out.println("</body>");
out.println("</html>");
}
}
JSP JavaServer Pages
JavaServer Pages technology uses XML-like tags

and scriptlets written in the Java programming
language to encapsulate the logic that generates the
content for the page.
Any and all formatting (HTML or XML) tags are
passed directly back to the response page.
By separating the page logic from its design and
display and supporting a reusable component-based
design, JSP technology makes it faster and easier
than ever to build web-based applications.
http://java.sun.com/products/jsp/index.html
Sample JSP
<html> <!- Apache Tomcat Samples ->

<body bgcolor="white">
<jsp:useBean id='clock' scope='page' class='dates.JspCalendar'
type="dates.JspCalendar" />
<font size=4><ul>
<li>
Day of month: is <jsp:getProperty name="clock" property="dayOfMonth"/>
<li>
Year: is <jsp:getProperty name="clock" property="year"/>
<li>
Month: is <jsp:getProperty name="clock" property="month"/>
<li>
Time: is <jsp:getProperty name="clock" property="time"/>
<li>
Date: is <jsp:getProperty name="clock" property="date"/>
<li>
Day: is <jsp:getProperty name="clock" property="day"/>
<li>
Day Of Year: is <jsp:getProperty name="clock" property="dayOfYear"/>
<li>
Week Of Year: is <jsp:getProperty name="clock" property="weekOfYear"/>
<li>
era: is <jsp:getProperty name="clock" property="era"/>
<li>
DST Offset: is <jsp:getProperty name="clock" property="DSTOffset"/>
<li>
Zone Offset: is <jsp:getProperty name="clock" property="zoneOffset"/>
</ul>
</font>
</body>
</html>
EJB Enterprise Java Beans

Enterprise JavaBeansTM is the server-side
component architecture for the J2EETM platform.
EJBTM enables rapid and simplified
development of distributed, transactional,
secure and portable Java applications.
Current Specification: 2.0 4/16/2001
http://java.sun.com/products/ejb/index.html

Enterprise Java Beans are components that
are deployed into containers
The container provides services
Loading / Initialization
Transactions
Persistence
Communication with EJB clients
Enterprise Naming Context (JNDI name space)
Anatomy of an EJB
Remote Interface
Remote Home Interface
Methods that can be accessed by the outside world.

Extends javax.ejb.EJBObject
Life-cycle methods (create, findByPrimaryKey)
Extends javax.ejb.EJBHome which extends
java.rmi.Remote
Bean class
The class performing the actual business process

Implements an interface based on type of bean
Anatomy of an EJB
EJB
2.0 New Interfaces
New
Interfaces allow bean to bean method

calls within the same container
Local Interface
Similar to the remote interface, but without RMI
Extends javax.ejb.EJBLocalObject
Local
Home Interface
Similar to the remote home interface, but

without RMI
Extends javax.ejb.EJBLocalHome
Client / EJB Relationship
How does a client application (Java class) utilize

EJBs?
Lookup - JNDI ENC

Network protocol - RMI
EJB container creates object with RemoteHome and Home
interfaces this object passes calls to the bean class

Entity
Beans
Session Beans
Message Beans
New in EJB 2.0
EJB Entity Beans
Entity beans are classes that map to individual

entities typically, an Entity bean references a
row in a database table, providing an object
representation of that database object.
For example, an entity bean could represent a

customer, and changing the values in that entity
bean would cause updates to that database row
Entity beans provide an abstraction layer so

that working with the entity is not specific to the
storage mechanism for that entity.
Entity Beans - Persistence
Container Managed Persistence (CMP)
The EJB container automatically persists the EJB

objects, usually to a relational database where
each type of object is represented as a table, and
each instance of the object is a row in that table
Bean Managed Persistence (BMP)
The EJB container calls bean methods when it is

appropriate for the bean to load, save or update
data, enforcing transactions without transaction
code written by the bean developer
EJB Session Beans

Session
beans perform work for a client

application
For
example, a session bean could charge

a credit card for a specific transaction.
Session Beans State

Stateful A stateful bean maintains a
conversational state with a client. The client
perceives that it is only talking to one bean,
and that bean maintains information between
calls
Stateless A stateless bean maintains no
client information between method calls the
container can substitute beans as necessary
between method calls
EJB Session Bean Example

package org.jboss.docs.interest;
import javax.ejb.EJBObject;
import java.rmi.RemoteException;
/** This interface defines the `Remote' interface for the `Interest' EJB. Its single
method is the only method exposed to the outside world. The class InterestBean
implements the method. */
public interface Interest extends EJBObject
{
/** Calculates the compound interest on the sum `principle', with interest rate
per period `rate' over `periods' time periods. This method also prints a message
to standard output; this is picked up by the EJB server and logged. In this way we
can demonstrate that the method is actually being executed on the server,
rather than the client. */
public double calculateCompoundInterest(double principle, double rate, double
periods) throws RemoteException;
}

import java.io.Serializable;
import javax.ejb.CreateException;
import javax.ejb.EJBHome;
/** This interface defines the 'home' interface for the 'Interest' EJB. */
public interface InterestHome extends EJBHome
{
/** Creates an instance of the `InterestBean' class on the server, and returns a
remote reference to an Interest interface on the client. */
Interest create() throws RemoteException, CreateException;
}

import javax.ejb.SessionBean;
import javax.ejb.SessionContext;
/** This class contains the implementation for the 'calculateCompoundInterest' method
exposed by this Bean. It includes empty method bodies for the methods prescribe
by the SessionBean interface; these don't need to do anything in this simple
example. */
public class InterestBean implements SessionBean
{
public double calculateCompoundInterest(double principle, double rate, double
periods)
{
System.out.println("Someone called `calculateCompoundInterest!'");
return principle * Math.pow(1+rate, periods) - principle;
}
public
public
public
public
public
void
void
void
void
void
ejbCreate() {}
ejbPostCreate() {}
ejbRemove() {}
ejbActivate() {}
ejbPassivate() {}

<?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ejb-jar>
<description>JBossInterestSampleApplication</description>
<display-name>InterestEJB</display-name>
<enterprise-beans>
<session>
<ejb-name>Interest</ejb-name>
<home>org.jboss.docs.interest.InterestHome</home>
<remote>org.jboss.docs.interest.Interest</remote>
<ejb-class>org.jboss.docs.interest.InterestBean</ejb-class>
<session-type>Stateless</session-type>
<transaction-type>Bean</transaction-type>
</session>
</enterprise-beans>
</ejb-jar>
import javax.naming.InitialContext;
import javax.rmi.PortableRemoteObject;
class InterestClient
{
/** This method does all the work. It creates an instance of the Interest EJB on the EJB
server, and calls its `calculateCompoundInterest()' method, then prints the result of
the calculation. */
public static void main(String[] args)
{
try {
InitialContext jndiContext = new InitialContext();
ref = jndiContext.lookup("interest/Interest");
InterestHome home = (InterestHome) PortableRemoteObject.narrow(ref,
InterestHome.class);
Interest interest = home.create(); //Create an Interest object from the Home
interface
System.out.println(interest.calculateCompoundInterest(1000, 0.10, 2));
}
catch(Exception e)
{
System.out.println(e.toString());
EJB Message Beans

Message
beans are classes that

receive asynchronous notification from
a Java Message Service server
For
example, a message bean could be

activated when vendor sends a purchase
order to a JMS queue.
JMS Java Message Service
Enterprise messaging provides a reliable,

flexible service for the asynchronous
exchange of critical business data and events
throughout an enterprise. The JMS API adds
to this a common API and provider framework
that enables the development of portable,
message based applications in the Java
programming language.
http://java.sun.com/products/jms/index.html

JMS Queue
JMS Topic
The JMS API in the J2EE 1.3 platform has the

following new features:
A new kind of enterprise bean, the message-driven bean,

enables the asynchronous consumption of messages.
Message sends and receives can participate in
Java Transaction API (JTA) transactions.
Why should I use JMS?
Loosely-coupled systems
Publish / Subscribe metaphor
Connectionless
Removes dependence on client and server platform /
programming language / version
Send / receive information with many, unknown clients
Integration with other messaging systems
IBM MQ-Series
Microsoft Message Queue
JDBC Data Access API
JDBCTM technology is an API that lets you access

virtually any tabular data source from the JavaTM
programming language.
Cross-DBMS connectivity to a wide range of SQL

databases
Access to other tabular data sources, such as
spreadsheets or flat files.
http://java.sun.com/products/jdbc/index.html
JDBC Driver Types
Level 1 - A JDBC-ODBC bridge provides JDBC API

access via one or more ODBC drivers.
Level 2 - A native-API partly Java technologyenabled driver converts JDBC calls into calls on the
client API for Oracle, Sybase, Informix, DB2, or
other DBMS.
Level 3 - A net-protocol fully Java technologyenabled driver translates JDBC API calls into a
DBMS-independent net protocol which is then
translated to a DBMS protocol by a server.
Level 4 - A native-protocol fully Java technologyenabled driver converts JDBC technology calls into
the network protocol used by DBMSs directly.
http://java.sun.com/products/jdbc/driverdesc.html
JNDI Java Naming and

Directory Interface
JNDI is an API specified in Javatm that provides naming and

directory functionality to applications written in Java. It is
designed especially for Java by using Java's object model.
Using JNDI, Java applications can store and retrieve named
Java objects of any type.
JNDI provides methods for performing standard directory
operations, such as associating attributes with objects and
searching for objects using their attributes.
JNDI allows Java applications to take advantage of information
in a variety of existing naming and directory services, such as
LDAP, NDS, DNS, and NIS(YP), and allows Java applications to
coexist with legacy applications and systems.
http://java.sun.com/products/ jndi/overview.html
JNDI - Layers
JNDI Common Uses
JNDI ENC enterprise naming context
EJB lookup within a J2EE app server
LDAP integration
Dynamic registration of services and clients
Peer to Peer computing
JNDI Session Bean Example

import javax.naming.InitialContext;
import javax.rmi.PortableRemoteObject;
class InterestClient
{
/** This method does all the work. It creates an instance of the Interest EJB on the EJB
server, and calls its `calculateCompoundInterest()' method, then prints the result of
the calculation. */
public static void main(String[] args)
{
try {
InitialContext jndiContext = new InitialContext();
ref = jndiContext.lookup("interest/Interest");
InterestHome home = (InterestHome) PortableRemoteObject.narrow(ref,
InterestHome.class);
Interest interest = home.create(); //Create an Interest object from the Home
interface
System.out.println(interest.calculateCompoundInterest(1000, 0.10, 2));
}
catch(Exception e)
{
System.out.println(e.toString());
JTA / JTS Transactions
The Java Transaction API (JTA) and the Java

Transaction Service (JTS) allow J2EE application
servers to take the burden of transaction
management off of the component developer.
Developers can define the transactional properties of
Enterprise JavaBeansTM technology based
components during design or deployment using
declarative statements in the deployment descriptor.
The application server takes over the transaction
management responsibilities.
http://java.sun.com/j2ee/transactions.html
JavaMail
The JavaMailTM 1.2 API provides a set of abstract classes that

model a mail system.
The API provides a platform independent and protocol
independent framework to build Java technology-based mail and
messaging applications.
J2EE contains JAF JavaBeans Activation Framework since it
is required by JavaMail
Supports common mail protocols
IMAP
POP
SMTP
MIME
http://java.sun.com/products/ javamail/index.html
JAAS Java Authentication

and Authorization Service
Authentication of users, to reliably and securely determine

who is currently executing Java code, regardless of whether
the code is running as an application, an applet, a bean, or a
servlet; and
Authorization of users to ensure they have the access control
rights (permissions) required to do the actions performed.
Sample authentication modules using:
JavaTM Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI)

Unix Operating Environment
Windows NT
Kerberos
Keystore
http://java.sun.com/products/ jaas/index.html
XML
J2EE 1.3 includes JAXP 1.1 support, as well
as Servlet Filters and XML JSPTM documents.
The JavaTM API for XML Processing ("JAXP")
supports processing of XML documents using
DOM, SAX, and XSLT.
The portability and extensibility of both XML
and Java make them the ideal choice for the
flexibility and wide availability requirements of
this new web.
http://java.sun.com/xml/index.html
http://java.sun.com/xml/jaxp/index.html
J2EE Connectors
The J2EE Connector architecture defines a standard architecture for connecting
the J2EE platform to heterogeneous EISs (Enterprise Information Systems).
Examples of EISs include ERP, mainframe transaction processing, database
systems, and legacy applications not written in the Java programming language.
http://java.sun.com/j2ee/connector/index.html
J2EE Applications
http://java.sun.com/j2ee/tutorial/1_3-fcs/doc/Oveview3.html
J2EE Deployment
JAR Java ARchive
WAR - Web ARchive
Servlets
JSPs
EAR - Enterprise ARchive
Java class file

EJBs
Contains other JARs and WARs to form an entire application
Deployment descriptors
XML
Required for EJB JARs, WARs, EARs
J2EE Servers
Application Server
As of Sept 01 - MetaGroup Survey by sales $$
Open-source
BEA Weblogic - 37%

IBM Websphere 22%
Oracle 11%
Iplanet 5%
Other- 12%
Jboss www.jboss.org
Suns listing of J2EE compatible servers http://java.sun.com/j2ee/compatibility.html
J2EE Servers
Servlet
/ JSP Servers
Most
of the commercial application servers

also include servlet / JSP support
Open-Source
Apache Tomcat
Jetty
Suns
listing of servlet / JSP servers -
http://java.sun.com/products/servlet/industry.html
J2EE Development Tools

Major
IDEs support J2EE in some form
Wizards
for EJB / Servlets

Custom editors for JSP
Deployment descriptor support
Deployment support for application servers
Embedded servers for testing within IDE
Learning more
Enterprise JavaBeans 3rd Edition
JBoss documentation
http://www.jboss.org/online-manual/HTML/index.html
Designing Enterprise Applications with the Java 2 Platform,

Enterprise Edition
Richard Monson-Haefel
OReilly 2001
Nicholas Kassem and the Enterprise Team

Addison Wesley 2000
Core Servlets and JavaServer Pages (JSP)
Marty Hall
Prentice Hall 2000
Learning more
J2EE Tutorial - http://java.sun.com/j2ee/tutorial/1_3-fcs

J2EE Developers Guide - http://java.sun.com/j2ee/sdk_1.2.1/
techdocs/guides/ejb/html/DevGuideTOC.html
JNDI - http://java.sun.com/products/jndi/tutorial/
JMS - http://java.sun.com/products/jms/tutorial/
JDBC - http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/jdbc
Servlets - http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/servlets
JSP - http://java.sun.com/products/jsp/docs.html
JAXP - http://java.sun.com/xml/jaxp/dist/1.1/docs/tutorial

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J2EE Overview

The Java 2 Platform

J2ME Java 2 Micro Edition

Java for the desktop / workstation

J2EE - Java 2 Enterprise Edition

Java for the server

The Java 2 Platform

init() the init() function is called when the servlet is

doGet() the doGet() function is called when the

POSTs are a good way to get input from HTML forms

Information about an HTTP request

Used for formatting an HTTP response

JSP JavaServer Pages

JavaServer Pages technology uses XML-like tags

EJB Enterprise Java Beans

EJB Enterprise Java Beans

Remote Home Interface

Methods that can be accessed by the outside world.

The class performing the actual business process

2.0 New Interfaces

Interfaces allow bean to bean method

Similar to the remote home interface, but

Client / EJB Relationship

How does a client application (Java class) utilize

Lookup - JNDI ENC

EJB Enterprise Java Beans

New in EJB 2.0

EJB Entity Beans

Entity beans are classes that map to individual

For example, an entity bean could represent a

Entity beans provide an abstraction layer so

Entity Beans - Persistence

Container Managed Persistence (CMP)

The EJB container automatically persists the EJB

Bean Managed Persistence (BMP)

The EJB container calls bean methods when it is

EJB Session Beans

beans perform work for a client

example, a session bean could charge

Session Beans State

EJB Session Bean Example

EJB Session Bean Example

EJB Session Bean Example

EJB Session Bean Example

EJB Session Bean Example

EJB Message Beans

beans are classes that

example, a message bean could be

JMS Java Message Service

Enterprise messaging provides a reliable,

JMS Java Message Service

JMS Java Message Service

The JMS API in the J2EE 1.3 platform has the

A new kind of enterprise bean, the message-driven bean,

JMS Java Message Service

Why should I use JMS?

Publish / Subscribe metaphor

Integration with other messaging systems

JDBC Data Access API

JDBCTM technology is an API that lets you access