IELTS

Academic Writing Paper

English Language Centre

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Test Format and Tasks
Format and Tasks
Strategies and Examples
Further Help
References
Questions
 Test Format
Test Format
– Writing Module lasts 60 minutes.
– Two tasks:-

Task 1 – 20 minutes, 150 words.

Task 2 – 40 minutes, 250 words.

Words are counted by the examiners, so don’t write too many or

too few words.
Tip - learn how many words you usually write on a line, and how
many lines = 150 and 250 words, so you don’t waste time
counting words in the test.
Test Format and Tasks - Answers
Answers
– Must be written on the answer sheet.
– Must be written in full.
– Notes are not acceptable as answers.
– Notes may be made on the question
paper, but cannot be taken from the
test room.
Test Format and Tasks – Task 1
Task 1: (20 minutes, 150 words)
– Interpret a diagram or table, and present the
information in your own words.
Organise, present and possibly compare data
– e.g. money people spend on different forms of
entertainment.
Describe stages of a procedure or process
– e.g. the stages of human evolution.
Describe on object or event or series of events
– e.g. How the water cycle works.
Explain how something works
– e.g. How a car engine works.
Test Format and Tasks – Task 2
Task 2 (40 minutes, 250 words)
– presented with a point of view or argument or
problem.
Present and justify an opinion
– e.g. Do you think trial by jury should be used in all criminal
cases?
Compare and contrast evidence, opinions and implications
– e.g. How effective is it to reward good work with extra money?
Evaluate and challenge ideas, evidence or an argument
– e.g. ‘Failure shows desire wasn’t strong enough’. To what extent
do you agree?
 Test Format and Tasks:
Assessment Criteria
General Points
You must respond appropriately in
terms of:
Register – formality and politeness; e.g. no
short forms
Organisation – clear and logical
Style – academic; e.g. no rhetorical
questions, no exclamations, no extreme
opinions, use tentative expressions such as
‘this appears to be…’ ‘this is probably due
to…’
Content – relevant and complete
Test Format and Tasks - Topics
Example Task Topics:

– Recommended Materials in CILL

Issues in English CD-ROM
Time, Newsweek and The Economist
magazines (also on the Internet)
Test Format and Tasks – Task 1
Considerations for Task 1 include:
Task Fulfillment – answering the
question completely
Coherence – e.g. Firstly, Secondly,
Finally
Cohesion – e.g. ‘this’, ‘it’, ‘he’, ‘and’,
‘but’ and synonyms
Vocabulary – good range, appropriate
Sentence Structure – concise but not
simplistic; e.g. correct use of relative
clauses.
 Example of Task 1
Academic Writing - Writing Task 1
You should spend
about 20 minutes
on this task.
The graph below
shows the
different modes of
transport used to
travel to and from
work in one
European city in
1950, 1970 and
1990.

Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information

shown. You should write at least 150 words.
 Example of Task 1
Academic Writing - Writing Task 1
With a partner:

1. Identify the main

trends for each
mode.
2. Identify any large
increases or
decreases.
3. Are there any clear
and consistent
directions?
4. Does anything
seem surprising?
5. Are there any clear
relationships
between modes or
percentages?
 Possible Answer for Task 1
Full Answer
The graph shows the percentage of travellers in a European city who used bus,
car, bike and foot to commute to and from work in the years 1950, 1970 and
1990.

The amount of people using cars grew considerably, rising from just over 5%
in 1950 to 25% in 1970, and then climbing to almost 40% by 1990.

However, the amount of people using bikes decreased. Over 25% of

commuters cycled in 1950, but this had fallen to less than 10% by 1990.
Similarly, the amount of people who walked to work fell from more than a
third in 1950 to about 10% in 1990.

The amount of people using buses initially rose in 1970 to about 30%, but had
dropped to about 17% by 1990.

The graph indicates the growing use of cars for commuting and the
corresponding fall in the popularity of other modes of transport since 1950.
 Possible Answer for Task 1 -
Instructions: Introduction
The graph below
shows the different
modes of transport
used to travel to and
from work in one
European city in
1950, 1970 and
1990.
Answer:
The graph shows the percentage of travellers in
a European city who used bus, car, bike and
foot to commute to and from work in the years
1950, 1970 and 1990.
 Possible Answer for Task 1 - Cars
Answer:
The amount of
people using
cars grew
considerably,
rising from
just over 5%
in 1950 to
25% in 1970,
and then
climbing to
almost 40%
by 1990.
 Possible Answer for Task 1 – Bikes
and Walkers
Answer:
However, the
amount of
people using
bikes decreased.
Over 25% of
commuters
cycled in 1950,
but this had
fallen to less
than 10% by
1990. Similarly,
the amount of people who walked to work fell
from more than a third in 1950 to about 10% in
1990.
Possible Answer for Task 1 - Buses
Answer:
The amount
of people
using buses
initially rose
in 1970 to
about 30%,
but had
dropped to
about 17%
by 1990.
 Possible Answer for Task 1
Conclusion
Answer:
The graph
indicates the
growing use of
cars for
commuting and
the corresponding
fall in the
popularity of other
modes of
transport since
1950.
Test Format and Tasks – Task 2
Task 2 is assessed on:
Quality of Arguments – logical, well-
considered
Ideas and Evidence – support your points
Communicative Quality
Vocabulary and Sentence Structure
 Example of Task 2
Read the question carefully and read it several
times. Decide what the focus of the task is?
The first sentence is sometimes background
information, the focus of the essay and the
question come after. For example:

‘Some businesses now say that no one can

smoke cigarettes in any of their offices. Some
governments have banned smoking in all
public places.
This is a good idea but it takes away some of
our freedom.
Do you agree or disagree?’

– Decide what the task requires you do.

 Strategies - Organisation
Organisation
– After you have produced your ideas, you
need to organise them.
– Do not produce a list of ideas without
development.
– Decide on the key ideas. How many ideas
can you cover in 150 or 250 words?
– Select some supporting points for each key
idea in your list.
– Think about your own experience – do you
have any further points to add.
 Strategies – Content
Respond to each point mentioned in
the task.
– Your answer must be complete.
– Make sure you do not:
misunderstand the question;
e.g. smoking in Government offices
write about something not required in the
question; e.g. banning smoking completely
answer only half of the topic;
e.g. you write about is it a good idea, but
don’t write about freedom.
 Strategies - Planning
Allow some time to think about the question.
– note down clear and relevant ideas
– make a brief plan of the organisation and content of your answer.
For example:
Intro – smoking in businesses & Govt. - good idea, freedom?
Smoking in businesses
– Good idea?
Smokers may work better if they can smoke
Passive smoking – objections from other staff
– Takes away freedom?
Businesses have the right to limit staff activities
Govt. limitations on smoking in public places
– Good idea?
Costs to society - Passive smoking, litter, health care
Benefits to society – tax revenue, pleasure of smokers
Pressure groups – smokers, tobacco companies, sponsors
– Takes away freedom?
Govt. has the right to regulate citizens’ activities
Will citizens support regulation?
Conclusion
Strategies – Content - Introduction
The Introduction

– Important: gives first impression.

– A few sentences.
– Introduce the topic.
– Preface the main points.
– Define what you understand by the task
– Show how you intend to approach the task.
Strategies – Introduction - Example
Limitations on smoking in businesses and
public places are a controversial topic as,
although they may be a good idea, they
may also interfere with people’s freedom.
Non-smokers are likely to think that
banning smoking is a good idea, but
smokers naturally may not. Different
cultures may have varying attitudes to
whether businesses or governments have
the right to ban smoking in certain places.
 Strategies – Body - Example
Banning smoking in businesses may not be a good idea
because smokers may work better if they can smoke.
However, passive smoking can cause objections from
colleagues.
Although such bans may reduce freedom, businesses are
widely seen as having the right to regulate staff activities.
Governments may also ban smoking in public. This may be a
good idea due to the costs to society of smoking such as litter
and health care. However, smoking in public may also benefit
society, for example in tax revenue and the pleasure of
smokers. Also, pressure groups such as tobacco companies
may discourage limitations on smoking.
As for freedom, in many cultures the government has the
right to regulate citizens’ activities. It is also increasingly
possible that citizens would support such bans.
Strategies – Content - Conclusion
The Conclusion

– Important: Opportunity to leave a good impression.

– A few sentences.
– Summarises your key ideas and your main ideas.
– If appropriate, a final decision, statement, or
recommendation.
Strategies – Conclusion - Example
As a non-smoker I believe that limiting
smoking in workplaces and in public is
a good idea. I can also understand the
opinion of smokers that banning
smoking in such places limits their
freedom. If the effects of smoking
were limited to smokers I would
oppose bans, but as smoking affects
the health of others, I support them.
 Further Help - WAP
WAP – Writing Assistance Programme
Core A 3/F
– One-to-one help from an ELC teacher with
your writing
– WAP teachers will give you suggestions for
improving your writing. They will not proof-
read.
– More information at
http://elc.polyu.edu.hk/wap/
 Further Help - CILL
CILL – Centre for Independent
Language Learning Core A 3/F
– Help from an ELC teacher with your
writing, reading, speaking and listening
– CILL teachers can give you suggestions
for improving your writing. They will not
proof-read
– More information at
http://elc.polyu.edu.hk/cill/ielts/
 References
You can find these books in CILL,
Room AG305:
Cambridge Practice Tests for the
IELTS, Books 1, 2 & 3 (with CD-ROM
for listening tests)
Insight into IELTS - an IELTS
preparation course
Presenting Facts and Figures
Great Essays
 Useful websites
UGC Introductory site http://www.ugccepa.com

IELTS homepage http://www.ielts.org/index.htm

ELC homepage http://elc.polyu.edu.hk

 Questions
Please do not ask us (or any ELC
teacher) to predict what grade you
will get, as such prediction is
forbidden by the IELTS organisation.
Please do not ask about test dates
and venues, as these are not
organised by the ELC.