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Devices

Keyboards are superior to other data entry devices due to their speed and accuracy. There are different types of keyboards such as chord keyboards which require pressing multiple keys simultaneously and sequential keyboards which use a single key for each character. Other data entry devices include touch screens, mice, and joysticks for cursor positioning as well as speech recognition and eye tracking for special control functions. Each type of data entry device has advantages and disadvantages depending on the task and various factors like accuracy and speed.

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38 views

Devices

Keyboards are superior to other data entry devices due to their speed and accuracy. There are different types of keyboards such as chord keyboards which require pressing multiple keys simultaneously and sequential keyboards which use a single key for each character. Other data entry devices include touch screens, mice, and joysticks for cursor positioning as well as speech recognition and eye tracking for special control functions. Each type of data entry device has advantages and disadvantages depending on the task and various factors like accuracy and speed.

Uploaded by

jessa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data Entry Devices

Data Entry Devices


Introduction
Keyboard entry devices are superior to
other devices such as knobs, levers,
and thumb wheels.
Speed and accuracy are dependent on
the quality of data given to the
operator, based on the following
criteria:

The operator is familiar with the


format of the information to be
entered
Upper- and lowercase characters
are used for written text
Long messages or strings of
digits are
as chunks
Messages
of entered
the 10 numbers

presented in random order are not


entered more rapidly than those of the
full 26 letters

Data Entry Devices

Keyboards
Chord versus Sequential Keyboards
Chord keyboards require activation
of one or more keys simultaneously
(stenotype machines or pianos)
Sequential keyboards are the
standard type, where there is a
specific key for for each character
Chord keyboards are very good for
one-handed data entry
Chord keyboards are much harder to
learn, but tend to be faster.
There is no particular need for
general-purpose chord keyboards, as
sequential keyboards fulfill most
requirements
For special situations, chord
keyboards can be superior

Data Entry Devices

Keyboards
Alphabetic Keyboards
QWERTY keyboards were designed to
slow the typing process
The best alternative was the Dvorak
keyboard (Figure 11-19)
QWERTY is entrenched in our present
society, and is unlikely to change
Numeric Keyboards
There are two primary numeric
keypads in use today:

Calculator Layout
The only
differences
between the two
Telephone
Layout
is for occasional users, who will do
better with the telephone layout

Data Entry Devices

Keyboards
Keyboard feel is a combination of a
number of characteristics:

Key travel
Resistance characteristics
Auditory activation feedback
Hysteresis
The feel is often mentioned in product
review articles
Three keyboards were compared
(Table 114)
The linear-spring keyboard was
the least preferred
The elastomer keyboards had
the fastest times and a low
error rate (Figure 11-20)

Data Entry Devices

Keyboards
Membrane Keypads
Used in the consumer market, in
microwaves, for example
Consist of contacts separated by a
thin non-conductive layer
Key travel is virtually nonexistent
To reduce accidental activation,
often more force is required
The contact areas are often difficult
to locate
With practice, the keypads become
easier to use
Three feedback procedures were
used to aid the user:
Auditory tone, for activation
Embossing, for finger-position
Snap domes, to provide both
forms of feedback

Data Entry Devices

Keyboards
Split and tilted keyboards
Normal keyboards require the hands bend
outward (Figure 11-22)
This can lead to tenosynovitis and
eventually CTS
People become accustomed to the designs
quickly, and prefer them
Handwritten and Gestural Data Entry
The technology has become possible for
computers to translate handwriting into
computer text
At present, it is slow and more error-prone
Gestural inputs have been used for textediting tasks
Figure 11- 24
When successfully implemented, gestural
inputs are faster than those with a
keyboard

Data Entry Devices

Cursor Positioning Devices


Introduction
Widespread computer use has made
these devices necessary
Touch Screen
Use a screen overlay which is
interrupted when the screen is
touched
Easy to learn, but not very accurate
Parallax becomes a problem,
reducing the effectiveness of the
pad
Figure 11-25 defines good pad sizes

Data Entry Devices

Cursor Positioning Devices


Light Pen
The pen is pressed on the screen,
and reads the CRT scanning beam
Pointing resolution is better than
with the touch screen

Data Entry Devices

Cursor Positioning Devices


Graphics Tablet
Position of tablet reduces arm fatigue
over a touch screen
Digitizing Tablets offer the benefits of
a light pen without the fatigue
problem
Two types of positioning:

Relative positioning
Absolute positioning
Absolute positioning is faster and
more accurate with a small gain
Figure 11-26 shows this relationship
A lead-lag compensation system
gives better speeds with only slightly
higher error rates

Data Entry Devices

Cursor Positioning Devices


Mouse
A mouse is easy and fast to use,
and it is a relative positioning
system
A clear space near the computer is
required to operate it
Other Cursor Positioning Devices
Keyboards
Joysticks
Trackballs

Data Entry Devices

Cursor Positioning Devices


Comparison of Cursor Positioning
Devices
There is a tradeoff between
accuracy and speed (Table 11-5)
The selection of the best device
must take into account the relative
importance between speed and
accuracy
The mouse was found to be the
fastest and most accurate in a textediting task
In another task, the mouse and
trackball were found to be the best
Such features as C/R ratio, physical
size, and feedback have not yet
been systematically investigated

Data Entry Devices

Special Control Devices


Introduction
New devices are replacing standard
control devices
Teleoperators
Teleoperators are remotely
controlled devices that augment the
physical skills of the operator
Today they are used for handling
dangerous materials or working in
hostile environments
Human Factors considerations
Lack of physical feedback
Deny visual access
Often lack binocular vision
Time delays for large separations
Design of controls for complex
effector

Data Entry Devices

Special Control Devices

Speech-Activated Control
Advantages:
Operator not tied to console
Hands are free
Applications for Speech
Recognition:
Data entry occurs
simultaneously with other
tasks
Operator moves around while
entering data
Well suited for use by the
handicapped

Data Entry Devices

Special Control Devices


Types of Speech Recognition
Systems
Speaker dependent
Speaker independent
Speaker independent systems are
classed as follows:
isolated-word
connected-word
continuous-speech
These systems are limited, with
small vocabularies

Data Entry Devices

Special Control Devices


Speaker dependent, isolated-word
systems

20 to 200 word vocabularies


Maximally discriminable
vocabularies have a great
advantage
Each word must be set off with
pauses (training required)
Systems require 4 repetitions of
each word to generate an
accurate vocabulary
Performance of Speech Recognition
Systems
Performance of a good system is
as good or better than keyboard
data entry, although error rates
may be higher

Data Entry Devices

Special Control Devices


Eye-Activated Control
To date, most eye-control
applications have been in the
military
A helmet is used to track eye
movements, and a voice activation
is used to actuate the command
Accuracy of eye positioning has
been found to be 10 min of Visual
Angle in the center of the visual
field

Data Entry Devices

Special Control Devices


Disadvantages of eye control:
Overburdening of the visual
system
Control is difficult in a vibrating or
accelerating environment
Visual distractions can degrade
performance
Median total activation times of 1.5
to 1.7 seconds
Delays inherent in the speech
recognition system result in slower
times when voice is used to
accept the eye-controlled selection

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