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    Non Destructive Testing

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    keval patel
    This document provides an introduction to nondestructive testing (NDT) methods. It defines NDT as techniques used to evaluate materials and components without causing damage. The six most common NDT methods are described briefly: visual testing, liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle inspection, ultrasonic testing, eddy current testing, and radiography. Each method is used to detect different types of defects in materials and components.

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    Non Destructive Testing

    Uploaded by

    keval patel
    711 views25 pages
    This document provides an introduction to nondestructive testing (NDT) methods. It defines NDT as techniques used to evaluate materials and components without causing damage. The six most common NDT methods are described briefly: visual testing, liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle inspection, ultrasonic testing, eddy current testing, and radiography. Each method is used to detect different types of defects in materials and components.

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    Various Methods Of Ndt...

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    This document provides an introduction to nondestructive testing (NDT) methods. It defines NDT as techniques used to evaluate materials and components without causing damage. The six most common NDT methods are described briefly: visual testing, liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle inspection, ultrasonic testing, eddy current testing, and radiography. Each method is used to detect different types of defects in materials and components.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    711 views25 pages

    Non Destructive Testing

    Uploaded by

    keval patel
    This document provides an introduction to nondestructive testing (NDT) methods. It defines NDT as techniques used to evaluate materials and components without causing damage. The six most common NDT methods are described briefly: visual testing, liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle inspection, ultrasonic testing, eddy current testing, and radiography. Each method is used to detect different types of defects in materials and components.

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    INTRODUCTION TO NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING

    OUTLINE
    Introduction to NDT
    Overview of Six Most
    Common NDT Methods
    Selected Applications

    DEFINITION OF NDT
    NDT is a group of analysis
    technique used in science
    and industry to evaluate the
    properties of material ,
    component without causing
    damagae.

    i.e. Inspect or measure without doing harm.

    THREE TYPES OF
    DEFECTS
    Inherent defects :- exist in parent materials

    Processing defects:- developed during processing

    Service defects :- developed during service are

    WHAT ARE SOME USES


    OF NDT METHODS?
    Flaw Detection and Evaluation
    Leak Detection
    Location Determination
    Dimensional Measurements

    Fluorescent penetrant indication

    Structure and Microstructure Characterization


    Estimation of Mechanical and Physical Properties
    Stress (Strain) and Dynamic Response Measurements

    SIX MOST COMMON NDT


    METHODS
    Visual

    Liquid Penetrant
    Magnetic
    Ultrasonic
    Eddy Current
    X-ray

    VISUAL TESTING

    experienced inspector knows where are likely cracks ,


    orientation of cracks relative to various zones in the
    weld, surface porosity, weld penetration, potential
    weakness such as sharp notches or misalignment

    Most basic and common


    inspection method.
    Tools include
    fiberscopes,
    borescopes, magnifying
    glasses and mirrors.
    Portable video inspection
    unit with zoom allows
    inspection of large tanks
    and vessels, railroad tank
    cars, sewer lines.
    Robotic crawlers permit
    observation in hazardous or
    tight areas, such as air
    ducts, reactors, pipelines.

    PENETRANT TESTING

    INTROPenetrant Testing, or PT, is a nondestructive


    testing method that builds on the principle
    of Visual Inspection.

    PT increases the

    seeability of small
    discontinuities that
    the human eye might
    not be able to detect
    alone.

    BASIC STEPS OF DYE


    PENETRANT TESTING
    clean the surface
    apply penetrant
    remove excess penetrant
    apply developer
    inspect / interpretation
    penetrant seep
    into flaw

    developer draws
    penetrant onto
    surface

    ADVANTAGES &
    LIMITATIONS OF LIQUID
    PENETRANT METHOD
    ADVANTAGES

    LIMITATIONS

    Simple & inexpensive

    Detect surface flaws

    Versatile & portable

    Surface cleaning
    before & after
    inspection

    Applicable to ferrous,
    non-ferrous, nonmagnetic & complex
    shaped materials
    which are non-porous
    & of any dimension
    Detects cracks, seams,
    lack of bonding, etc.

    Deformed surfaces &


    surface coatings
    prevent detection

    MAGNETIC PARTICLE
    INSPECTION

    The part is magnetized. Finely milled iron particles coated with a dye
    pigment are then applied to the specimen. These particles are attracted
    to magnetic flux leakage fields and will cluster to form an indication
    directly over the discontinuity. This indication can be visually detected
    under proper lighting conditions.

    RADIOGRAPHY
    The radiation used in radiography
    testing is a higher energy (shorter
    wavelength) version of the
    electromagnetic waves that we
    see as visible light. The radiation can
    come from an X-ray generator or a
    radioactive source.

    High Electrical Potential


    Electrons
    +

    X-ray Generator
    or Radioactive
    Source Creates
    Radiation

    Radiation
    Penetrate
    the Sample
    Exposure Recording Device

    FILM
    RADIOGRAPHY
    The part is placed between the
    radiation source and a piece of film.
    The part will stop some of the
    radiation. Thicker and more dense
    area will stop more of the radiation.

    X-ray film

    Top view of developed film

    The film darkness


    (density) will vary with
    the amount of radiation
    reaching the film
    through the test object.

    RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGES

    MERITS
    &
    DEMERITS
    Demerits
    Merits
    No need of washing and
    developing films
    Image viewed
    immediately on screen
    Time consumption is less
    Movement of defects
    detected (real time
    images)
    Permanent record can be
    made

    Poor resolution
    Expensive

    ULTRASONIC INSPECTION
    (PULSE-ECHO)
    High frequency sound waves are introduced into a

    material and they are reflected back from surfaces or


    flaws.
    Reflected sound energy is displayed versus time, and
    f
    inspector can visualize a cross section of the specimen
    showing the depth of features that reflect sound.
    initial
    pulse

    crack
    echo

    back surface
    echo

    crack
    0

    Oscilloscope, or flaw
    detector screen

    10

    plate

    PRINCIPLE & BLOCK


    DIAGRAM

    ULTRASONIC FLAW DETECTION

    COMMON APPLICATION
    OF NDT
    Inspection of Raw Products
    Inspection Following Secondary
    Processing
    In-Services Damage Inspection

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