Brick Masonary
Brick Masonary
Brick Masonary
Brick masonry is the process of constructing a building from individual bricks laid in a specific
pattern and bound together, usually by mortar. Occasionally, the term is also used to refer to
the brick units themselves. Masonry is considered a durable construction method, and brick is
one of the most common types of masonry used in industrialized nations. The strength of a
structure created with this method depends on the type and uniformity of the individual bricks
selected, as well as the style of masonry used.
Brick masonry can support substantial weight, but does not respond well to shaking, twisting,
or stretching. For this reason, some kind of structural reinforcement, like steel beams, is
usually included.
Many attributes make brick a practical and popular construction choice. In addition to the
inherent beauty of brickwork, it is also thought to create the impression of solidity and
permanence, so brick homes often sell for higher prices. Brick is almost maintenance-free,
never needs to be painted or stained, and resists damage from wind, fire, and water. It also
offers both noise and thermal insulation, so structures created from it generally stay cooler in
the summer and warmer in the winter.
Types of bricks
Bricks are made in a range of varieties, each intended for a specific
purpose, but all are created from some combination of sand, water,
clay, and heat. Building brick, or common brick, is used in construction
and is provided with frog, which reduce weight of brick and increase
strength. Face brick is chosen for visible surfaces or exposed walls and
comes in different colors, sizes, and shapes. Firebrick is made with
special clay to offer additional heat resistance in fireplaces or boiler
rooms. Glazed brick is coated on one surface with a ceramic finish that
is sanitary and easy to clean, making it popular in hospitals and
laboratories.
Fire
bricks
Brick
tile
Glazed
bricks
Common brick
Assignment no 1
Enlist various sizes of brick defined
in different standards.
Header
stretch
er
Brick on
side
Brick on
side
Brick on
end
Back: The inner surface of a wall which is not exposed is called the back. The
material forming the back is known as backing.
Face: The exterior of wall exposed to weather is known as face. The material
used in the face of the wall is known as facing.
Hearting: It is the interior portion of a wall between the facing and backing.
Joint: It is the junction of two or more bricks or stones. If the joint is parallel to
the bed of bricks or stones in a course then it is termed as bed joint. The joint
which are perpendicular to the bed joints are termed as vertical joints or side joints
or perpends.
Bat: it is the portion of brick cut across the width.
Closer: it is the portion of the brick cut length wise in such a manner that its one
long face remains uncut.
King Closer: these are the portions of a brick obtained by cutting off the triangular
piece between the center of one end and the center of one side.
Bevelled Closer: it is that portion of a brick in which the whole length of the brick is
beveled for maintaining half width at one end and full width art the other.
King closer
Bevelled closer
Jambs: these are the vertical sides of an opening for doors and windows.
These may be plain or splayed or may be provided with recesses to receive the
frames of doors and windows.
Reveals: These are exposed vertical surfaces left on the sides of an opening
after the door or window frame had been fitted in position.
sill level: it is the level of the window from the base (floor) ,through which a
section is cut to show the plan of the structure.
Terminology
Queen Closer: A brick cut lengthwise in 9x2 is called a queen
closer and is placed next to the header course to break the joints.
POINTING
Tooling: compressing and shaping the face of a mortar joint with a
special tool other than a trowel.
Tuck pointing: filling in with fresh mortar of cutout or defective
mortar joint in masonry.
Tooling
Tuck pointing
Simple Wall
The diagram illustrates the salient points of constructing a
low wall of the type found in most applications. This shows a
double skin wall, 200mm wide on the left and a single skin
wall, 100mm wide, on the right. A single skin wall is only
suitable to a height of around 450mm; anything higher
should be double-skinned for stability. Any wall higher than
1.2 meters must be designed by a structural engineer, who
will take account of prevailing ground conditions, planned
usage etc. and design a wall suitable to the project.
courses of engineering bricks are laid and, because of their very low water
absorption capability, they prevent the upward migration of groundwater.
English bond
Flemish bond
Header bond
Stretcher bond
Garden wall bond
Raking bond
English cross bond
English bond
This bond consists of alternate course of headers and stretchers.
In this arrangement, vertical joints in the header courses come
over each other and the vertical joints in the stretcher course are
also in the same line in alternate courses.
English bond
Flemish bond
The bond having headers and stretchers laid alternately in the same
course is called Flemish bond. In this bond a queen closer is provided
after every quion header in the alternate courses to break the
continuity of vertical joints. Brick bats are to be used for forming this
bond when the thickness of wall is equal to an odd multiple of half brick.
Salient features of
Flemish
bond
Headers and stretchers are laid in the same course.
Queen closer is placed after every quoin header brick in the
heading course when the thickness of wall is 20 cm or above.
The length of queen closer is not kept equal to the thickness
of wall and is usually intercepted by bats.
Brick bats are to be used in wall having thickness equal to an
odd multiple of half brick.
Every header in each course lies centrally over every stretcher
of the underlying course.
Stretcher bond
Stretcher bond is one of the most common bonds. It
is easy to lay with little waste and composed entirely
of stretchers set in rows, offset by half a brick.
Stretcher Bond
Originally used for single brick walls, it became the obvious choice
for cavity walls with the least amount of cutting required. It is
therefore the most economical bond pattern and is extensively
used in modern building
Header bond
Header bond is created by rows of headers, only
displaced by half a brick on each row. This bond is
often use to create curved brickwork.
A brick course laid flat with the short end of the
brick exposed. This method is particularly strong
as the width of the wall is the whole length of a
brick. Historically it was used for buildings of high
quality, often used for curved brickwork.
Header Bond
Header Bond
Assignment no 02
Self study of remaining types of brick
bond
Submit hard as well as soft copy in
power point presentation format till
30/10/2013