Ie433 Cad/Cam Computer Aided Design and Computer Aided Manufacturing Part-1 Introduction To CAD/CAM

IE433 CAD/CAM
Computer Aided Design and

Computer Aided Manufacturing
Part-1
Introduction to CAD/CAM
IE433-CAD/CAM
CAD/CAM = Computer Aided Design and
Computer Aided Manufacturing. It is the
technology concerned with the use of
computers to perform design and
manufacturing functions.
CAD can be defined as the use of computer

systems to perform certain functions in the
design process.
CAM is the use of computer systems to
plan, manage and control the operations of
manufacturing plant through either direct or
indirect computer interface with the plants
production resources.
From CAM definition, the application of

CAM falls into two broad categories:
1. Computer monitoring and control .
Computer
Computer
Process
data
Process data
Process
Process
Control signals
4
2. Manufacturing support application .
Process data
Computer
Control signals
Mfg
operations
The Product Cycle and

CAD/CAM
In order to establish the scope and definition
of CAD/CAM in an engineering environment
and identify existing and future related tools,
a study of a typical product cycle is
necessary. The following Figure shows a
flowchart of such a cycle.
Typical Product Life Cycle

Design
definitions,
specifications,
and requirements
Design
needs
Analysis
Design
documentation and
communication
Collecting
relevant design
information and
feasibility study
Synthesis
The CAD Process

Design
evaluation
Production
planning
Process
planning
The Design Process
Design and
procurement of
new tools
Order
materials
Design
optimization
Design
analysis
Design
modeling and
simulation
Design
conceptualization
The Manufacturing Process

The CAM Process
Production
Quality
control
Packaging
NC, CNC, DNC

programming
Marketing
Shipping
The product begins with a need which is identified

based on customers' and markets' demands.
The product goes through two main processes from
the idea conceptualization to the finished product:
1. The design process.
2. The manufacturing process.
The main sub-processes that constitute the design process
are:
3. Synthesis.
4. Analysis.
8
Implementation of a Typical CAD Process on

a CAD/CAM system
Design changes
Delineation of
Design and
geometric model
Analysis algorithms
Definition
translator
Geometric model
Interface
algorithms
Drafting and
detailing
Documentation
To CAM Process
9
CAD Tools Required to Support the Design Process

Design phase
Design conceptualization
Required CAD tools

Geometric modeling techniques;
Graphics aids; manipulations; and
visualization
Design modeling and simulation Same as above; animation; assemblies;

special modeling packages.
Design analysis
Analysis packages; customized

programs and packages.
Design optimization
Customized applications; structural

optimization.
Design evaluation
Dimensioning; tolerances; BOM; NC.
Design communication and

documentation
Drafting and detailing
10
Implementation of a Typical CAM Process on

a CAD/CAM system
Geometric model
Inspection
Interface
algorithms
Assembly
Process planning
Packaging
NC programs
To shipping and marketing
11
CAM Tools Required to Support the Design Process

Manufacturing phase
Required CAM tools
Process planning
CAPP techniques; cost

analysis; material and
tooling specification.
Part programming
NC programming
Inspection
CAQ; and Inspection

software
Robotics simulation and
programming
Assembly
12
Definitions of CAD Tools Based on Their

Constituents
Computer
graphics
concepts
CAD
tools
Design tools
Geometric
modeling
13
Definition of CAD Tools Based on Their Implementation

in a Design Environment
Design tools + Computer
Hardware
(control unit; display
terminals;
I/O devices
= CAD tools
Software (graphics;
modeling; applications
programs
14
Definitions of CAM Tools Based on Their

Constituents
Networking
concepts
CAM
tools
Mfg tools
CAD
15
Definition of CAM Tools Based on Their Implementation

in a Manufacturing Environment
Hardware
(control unit; display
terminals;
I/O devices
Mfg tools + Computer
Software (CAD; NC;

MRP; CAPP)
= CAM tools
Networking
16
Definitions of CAD/CAM Tools Based on

Their Constituents
Mfg tools
Design tools
CAD/CAM
Geometric
tools
Networking
modeling
Computer
graphics
concepts
17
Definition of CAD/CAM Tools Based on Their

Implementation in an Engineering Environment
Hardware
Design and + Computer

Mfg tools
Software
= CAD/CAM tools
Networking
18
Typical Utilization of CAD/CAM Systems in an Industrial Environmen

Geometric modeling and graphics package
Process planning
Geometric modeling
of conceptual design
Is design evaluation
Possible with available
Standard software?
Design
package
No
Yes
Yes
Design testing
And evaluation
No
CAPP package
Is final design
Applicable?
Yes
Drafting
Documentation
Develop customized
programs and
packages
Programming
package
Are there
manufacturing
discrepancies in CAD
databases?
No
NC
programming
NC
package
Machining
Inspection
Assembly
19
Inspection
And Robotics
package
Automation and CAD/CAM

Automation can be defined as the
technology concerned with the application
of complex mechanical, electronic, and
computer-based systems in the operation
and control of manufacturing systems.
20
TTypes of Manufacturing Systems

1. Continuous-flow processes. Continuous dedicated production of
large amount of bulk product. Continuous manufacturing is
represented by chemicals, plastics, petroleum, and food industries.
2. Mass production of discrete products. Dedicated production of
large quantities of one product (with perhaps limited model
variations). Examples include automobiles, appliances and engine
blocks.
3. Batch production. Production of medium lot sizes of the same
product. The lot may be produced once or repeated periodically.
Examples: books, clothing and certain industrial machinery.
4. Job-shop production. Production of low quantities, often one of a
kind, of specialized products. The products are often customized
and technologically complex. Examples: prototypes, aircraft,
machine tools and other equipment.
21
Continuousflow
production
Mass
production
Production
quantity
Batch
production
Job shop
production
Product variety
22
Category
Automation achievements
Continuous-flow process
Flow process from beginning to end

Sensors technology available to measure
important process variables
Use of sophisticated control and optimization
strategies
Fully computer automated lines
Mass production of discrete products
Automated transfer machines

Dial indexing machines
Partially and fully automated assembly lines
Industrial robots for spot welding, part handling,
machine loading, spray painting, etc.
Automated material handling systems
Computer production monitoring
Batch production
Numerical control (NC), direct numerical control

(DNC), computer numerical control (CNC).
Adaptive control machining
Robots for arc welding, parts handling, etc.
CIM systems.
Job shop production
Numerical control, computer numerical control

23
Computer Technology in Automation

Most of the automated production systems implemented today
make use of computers. CAD/CAM in addition to its particular
emphasis on the use of computer technology, is also
distinguished by the fact that it includes not only the
manufacturing operations but also the design and planning
functions that precede manufacturing.
To emphasize the differences in scope between automation and
CAD/CAM, consider the following mathematical model:
24
TTlc BQT1 BT2 T3

TTcl total time during the product life cycle
B The number of batches produced throughout the product life cycle.
Q The number of units produced in each batch.
T1 The time required to produce one unit of product.
T2 The time associated with planning and setting up for
each batch of production.

T3 The time required for designing the product and for all the other
activities that are accomplished once for each different product .
Tlc The average time spent on each unit of product
T3
T2
during its life cycle T1
Q BQ
25
T1
The most important term in mass production

and batch production
T2 & T3 become very important in job shop

manufacturing.
Automation technology is concerned with reducing

T1 & T2 the with emphasis on the unit production
time T
1
CAD/CAM concerned with reducing all three

terms, but is perhaps focused on T2 & T3 terms.
The emphasis in CAD/CAM includes the design
and planning function of the product life cycle.
26
Advantages of CAD/CAM
systems
Greater flexibility.
Reduced lead times.
Reduced inventories.
Increased Productivity.
Improved customer
service.
Improved quality.
Improved communications
with suppliers.
Better product design.

Greater manufacturing
control.
Supported integration.
Reduced costs.
Increased utilization.
Reduction of machine
tools.
Less floor space.
27

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What are the main components of CAD/CAM?

What are the main components of CAD/CAM?

What are the main processes involved in the product life cycle?

What are the main processes involved in the product life cycle?

IE433 CAD/CAM

Computer Aided Design and

CAD can be defined as the use of computer

From CAM definition, the application of

2. Manufacturing support application .

The Product Cycle and

Typical Product Life Cycle

The CAD Process

The Design Process

The Manufacturing Process

NC, CNC, DNC

The product begins with a need which is identified

Implementation of a Typical CAD Process on

CAD Tools Required to Support the Design Process

Required CAD tools

Design modeling and simulation Same as above; animation; assemblies;

Analysis packages; customized

Customized applications; structural

Dimensioning; tolerances; BOM; NC.

Design communication and

Drafting and detailing

Implementation of a Typical CAM Process on

CAM Tools Required to Support the Design Process

Required CAM tools

CAPP techniques; cost

CAQ; and Inspection

Definitions of CAD Tools Based on Their

Definition of CAD Tools Based on Their Implementation

Design tools + Computer

Definitions of CAM Tools Based on Their

Definition of CAM Tools Based on Their Implementation

Software (CAD; NC;

Definitions of CAD/CAM Tools Based on

Definition of CAD/CAM Tools Based on Their

Design and + Computer

Typical Utilization of CAD/CAM Systems in an Industrial Environmen

Automation and CAD/CAM

TTypes of Manufacturing Systems

Flow process from beginning to end

Mass production of discrete products

Automated transfer machines

Numerical control (NC), direct numerical control

Job shop production

Numerical control, computer numerical control

Computer Technology in Automation

TTlc BQT1 BT2 T3

each batch of production.

The most important term in mass production

T2 & T3 become very important in job shop

Automation technology is concerned with reducing

CAD/CAM concerned with reducing all three

Better product design.

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