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    CH 2 Basic Engine Construction

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    ashwani2101
    The key components of a basic engine include the engine block, cylinder head, and combustion chamber. The engine block contains cylinders, pistons, connecting rods, crankshaft and other components. It converts the up and down motion of the pistons into rotational motion. The cylinder head covers the cylinders and contains valves and spark plugs. It forms the combustion chamber where air and fuel are compressed and ignited.

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    CH 2 Basic Engine Construction

    Uploaded by

    ashwani2101
    560 views15 pages
    The key components of a basic engine include the engine block, cylinder head, and combustion chamber. The engine block contains cylinders, pistons, connecting rods, crankshaft and other components. It converts the up and down motion of the pistons into rotational motion. The cylinder head covers the cylinders and contains valves and spark plugs. It forms the combustion chamber where air and fuel are compressed and ignited.

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    Ch 2 Basic Engine Construction

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    The key components of a basic engine include the engine block, cylinder head, and combustion chamber. The engine block contains cylinders, pistons, connecting rods, crankshaft and other components. It converts the up and down motion of the pistons into rotational motion. The cylinder head covers the cylinders and contains valves and spark plugs. It forms the combustion chamber where air and fuel are compressed and ignited.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    560 views15 pages

    CH 2 Basic Engine Construction

    Uploaded by

    ashwani2101
    The key components of a basic engine include the engine block, cylinder head, and combustion chamber. The engine block contains cylinders, pistons, connecting rods, crankshaft and other components. It converts the up and down motion of the pistons into rotational motion. The cylinder head covers the cylinders and contains valves and spark plugs. It forms the combustion chamber where air and fuel are compressed and ignited.

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    You are on page 1of 15

    Basic Engine Construction

    • Components and Function


    – Engine block
    – Cylinder head
    – Combustion chamber

    1
    Engine Block
    • Contains:
    – Cylinder bores
    – Pistons and rings
    – Connecting rods
    – Crankshaft
    – Bearings
    – Timing gears
    – Oil pan and filter
    – Camshaft and lifters (pushrod engines)
    – Flywheel or flexplate
    2
    Engine Block
    • Cylinder bores:
    – Round hole cast in block
    • Bored to a precise diameter
    • Honed to smooth finish
    – Guide for piston
    – Contains forces generated during 4-stroke
    cycle
    – Some engines use steel sleeves

    3
    Engine Block
    • Pistons:
    – Moves up and down in cylinders
    • Creates low pressure to draw in mixture
    • Compresses mixture for ignition
    • Transmits forces of combustion to rotate
    crankshaft
    • Pushes exhaust gases out of cylinder

    4
    Engine Block
    • Rings
    – Mounted in grooves on piston
    – Takes up clearance in cylinder required for piston
    expansion
    • Compression
    – 2 top rings
    – Seal combustion chamber
    • Oil control
    – Bottom ring on piston
    – Consists of 3 parts: 2 rails and expander
    – Scrapes oil from cylinder as piston moves down on power
    stroke

    5
    Oil Control Rings

    6
    Engine Block
    • Connecting rods:
    – Connect pistons and crankshaft
    – Upper end is connected to piston pin
    • Uses bushing to allow movement on pin
    – Lower end is split to allow installation on
    crankshaft journal
    • Uses precision insert (bearing) to allow rotation on
    crankshaft journal
    • Bearing requires oil film at all times to prevent
    metal to metal contact with journal

    7
    Engine Block
    • Crankshaft:
    – Changes reciprocating motion to rotary motion
    – Provides turning force to wheels
    – Crankshaft “throws” connect to rods
    – Crank “journal” is machined surface for rod bearings
    • Rod bearings allow rod to rotate on crank journal
    – Flywheel or flexplate is mounted on rear of crank and
    transfers power to transmission
    – Pulleys mounted on front of crank drive accessories
    such as alternator or A/C compressor

    8
    Engine Block
    • Bearings:
    – Rod and main bearings
    • Bearing inserts are held in place with locking tab
    • Must have small hole for oil lubrication
    • Pressurized oil keeps bearing from contacting
    journal

    9
    Engine Block
    • Timing gears:
    – Allows crankshaft to turn camshaft
    – Can be chain or belt
    • Timing belts normally use plastic covers
    • Pushrod engines normally use chains
    – Usually found on the front of the engine’

    10
    Engine Block
    • Oil pan and filter:
    – Pan serves as reservoir for oil
    – Covers bottom of crankcase
    – Made from:
    • Stamped steel
    • Aluminum
    • Plastic
    – Contains pickup assembly for oil pump
    – Oil filter is usually mounted on engine block
    11
    Engine Block
    • Camshaft and lifters (pushrod engines):
    – Camshaft lobes open valves
    – Lifters sit on top of lobes and transmit motion
    to pushrods
    – Pushrods transmit motion to cylinder head
    rocker arms to open valves
    – Contains distributor drive gear if equipped
    – Camshaft must be timed to crankshaft

    12
    Engine Block
    • Flywheel or flexplate:
    – Flywheel is heavy steel plate mounted to crankshaft
    • Smoothes out power pulses to keep engine spinning
    smoothly
    • Serves as mounting surface for clutch on manual
    transmission
    – Flexplate is thin plate that bolts crankshaft to torque
    converter for automatic transmission
    – Both have external ring gear for starter operation

    13
    Cylinder Head
    • Covers cylinders
    • Forms top of combustion chamber
    • Contains intake and exhaust valves and springs
    • Contains spark plugs
    • Bolted to engine block with head bolts
    • Head gasket is placed between block and
    cylinder head
    • Overhead cam engines contain camshafts
    – Single cam engine= SOHC
    – Dual cam engine= DOHC
    • Can be made from cast iron or aluminum
    14
    Combustion Chamber
    • Area formed by bottom of cylinder head and top of piston
    • Air and fuel mixture is compressed and ignited in
    chamber and applies force from combustion to piston
    • Spark plug protrudes into chamber
    • Chamber is sealed by:
    – Valves
    – Piston rings
    – Head gasket
    • Chamber is exposed to very high pressures and high
    temperatures

    15

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