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Adaptation

The document defines and provides examples of three types of adaptation: morphological, physiological, and behavioral. It discusses morphological adaptations in birds' beaks and feet as well as insects' mouths. Plants also exhibit morphological adaptations depending on their environment, such as hydrophytes adapting to live in water and xerophytes adapting to dry conditions. Physiological adaptations include plants adjusting their leaves and humans regulating body temperature. Behavioral adaptations occur when animals change their behaviors in response to the environment, like desert animals seeking shelter from the heat. Natural selection favors individuals with adaptive characteristics that help them survive and reproduce in their environment.

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I Gede Mahardika
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199 views

Adaptation

The document defines and provides examples of three types of adaptation: morphological, physiological, and behavioral. It discusses morphological adaptations in birds' beaks and feet as well as insects' mouths. Plants also exhibit morphological adaptations depending on their environment, such as hydrophytes adapting to live in water and xerophytes adapting to dry conditions. Physiological adaptations include plants adjusting their leaves and humans regulating body temperature. Behavioral adaptations occur when animals change their behaviors in response to the environment, like desert animals seeking shelter from the heat. Natural selection favors individuals with adaptive characteristics that help them survive and reproduce in their environment.

Uploaded by

I Gede Mahardika
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ADAPTATION

DEFINITION
Adaptation is a process to fit the changes
in the surrounding environment.
In broad outline, adaptation process done
by organism is separated into 3 kind, they
are morphological adaptation,
physiological adaptation, and behavioral
adaptation.

Morphological adaptation
Morphological Adaptation is adjustment of
body shape or body organs to the
surrounding so it can be can seen from
outside

Morphological Adaptation in Animal


The example of morphological adaptation
found in animals is morphological
adaptation in birds beak, in birds foot,
and in insect mouth.

Morphological adaptation in Birds Beak


The following are several shape of birds
beak and the kinds of food
The beak of duck is adjusted so it can hold
tightly it slippery food also filter its food from mud.
Its shape of beak is big and wide
The beak of an eagle is adjusted its food of
meat. The shape of its beak is curved, sharp
The beak of parrot is adjusted to the kinds of
their seed. The shape of its beak is curved,
sharp, and short.
The beak of colibri is small, sharp, and long
adjusted suck its food of honey

Morphological Adaptation in Birds


Foot
The shape of a birds foot is adjusted to its living
method and food.
The foot of swimmer bird has gaps between its
finger, swimming membrane. Ex, in duck, swans,
and pelican
The foot of climbing has 4 fingers with two forward
finger sand backwards and has ability to perch
straight on a tree. Ex, woodpecker
The foot of wild bird has foot with short fingers, nails
curving sharply, and strong claws that function to
grip its prey or meat. Ex, hawk and owl

The Adaptation of Insects Mouth


Based on its kind of food, insects mouth is
divided into 4 types as follow.
Mouth type to bite. Ex, cockroach, cricket, ant
Mouth type to suck. Ex, butterfly
Mouth type to stick and suck. Ex, mosquito
Mouth type to lick and suck. Ex, bee and fly

Morphological Adaptation in plants


Plants have different living places. In the
different living places, the condition of
surrounding is also different, so it cause
different morphological adaptation.
The examples of Morphological Adaptation in
plants are :
1) Hydrophytes
Hydrophytes are plants growing in water or in submerged soil. The
plants can be ferns and angiosperm such as water hyacinth and
mangrove. Some characteristics of hydrophytes are :
-Thin cuticles
-Many open stomata on both leaf surface.
-Flexible structure due water pressure support.
-Flat leaf to float on the water surface.
-Air bags to float.
-Smaller root to ease water diffusion into leaves.
-Specific root to absorb water.

Xerophytes
Xerophytes are plants growing in dry
environment with low water and high
evaporation such as cactus. Some
characteristics of xerophytes are :
-Long roots to reach water sources.
-Small leaves with few stomata usually
covered with tiny hairs to reduce
transpiration.
-Water tissue in the stem to reserve water.

Physiological Adaptation
Physiological adaptation is an adaptation of body
work function as a response to changes of
occurring in the environment. Some examples of
physiological adaptation are as follow:
a. Plants roll or incline their leaves to reduce
transpiration. Petai Cina ( Leucaena glauca)
plant inclines its leaves in a hot or dry condition.
b. In cold air, human blood vessel under the skin
will shrink to save energy and reduce heat loss.
On the other hand, in hot air human perspire
more to accelerates heat loss.

BEHAVIORAL ADAPTATION
Behavioral adaptation is a process to adjust the
environmental changes by changing the
behavior. Some examples of behavioral
adaptation are :
- Desert lizard lift their left and right legs intern in
order to reduce contact with hot desert surface.
- Desert rats and snakes dig holes to avoid the
heat of sunlight.
- Cat sleeps by curling each body when the
weather is cold. When its hot cat sleeps by
stretching its body.

NATURAL SELECTION
Natural Selection is a choosing or selection by nature to
individuals having adaptive characteristics to certain
environment. Natural selection lasting for a long time can
cause the species composition changes. For example,
the natural selection occurs in moth (Biston betularia).
Before the industrial revolution in England, bright-colored
moth were out numbered the dark-colored ones. The
moth lived in a bark covered with bright-colored lichens,
so the lichens camouflaged the presence of the brightcolored moths and saved them from the predators. The
dark-colored moths, however, were easily recognized by
the predators. The condition enabled the bright-colored
moths to develop more than the dark-colored one could
do.

Animal that are almost extinct

Javanese Rhinoceros
Sumatranese Rhinoceros
Balinese Starling
Komodo Dragon

Plants that are almost extinct


Yellow Sandal Wood
Ebony Tree
Rafflesia Flower

Reproduction of Organisms
Reproduction is the ability of an organism
to produce new individual that has
property equal to its parent.
Reproduction method divided into 2 they
are:
Vegetative Reproduction (asexual
reproduction)
Generative Reproduction (sexual
reproduction)

VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
Vegetative reproduction is reproduction
that only involves one parents, so new
organism is produced without fusion of
male gamete with female gamete.
Vegetative reproduction happen in low
animals and plants.
Vegetative reproduction can happen by 3
methods, they are fission, budding, and
spore production.

a.

b.

c.

Fission
Reproduction by self division commonly happens in one
called organism (unicellular), for example in protozoa,
bacteria, blue alga.
Budding
Budding Reproduction with bud commonly is done by
plans , such as banana, ginger, etc. the reproduction by
bud is done also by yeast (unicellular fungus) and Hydra.
Spore
Spore is a cell that changes its function to be
reproductive organ so, every spore can grow to be new
individual. Reproduction by spore commonly happens in
plants, that is moss plant and fern. Besides, reproduction
by spore is also done by fungi (mushroom and
testaceam).

GENERATIVE REPRODUCTION
Generative reproduction is reproduction that
involves two parents, so the formation of new
individual begins with fusion of male gamete and
female gamete.
The kind of generative reproduction in plants are
:
1)Anemogamy is pollination assisted by wind.
Plants whose pollination is assisted by wind
such as, corn and grass.
2) Hidrogamy

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