2-3. Arithmetic and Geometric Sequences
2-3. Arithmetic and Geometric Sequences
2-3. Arithmetic and Geometric Sequences
An introduction
1, 4, 7, 10, 13
9, 1, 7, 15
6.2, 6.6, 7, 7.4
, 3, 6
35
12
27.2
3 9
2, 4, 8, 16, 32
9, 3, 1, 1/ 3
1, 1/ 4, 1/16, 1/ 64
, 2.5, 6.25
62
20 / 3
85 / 64
9.75
Arithmetic Sequences
Geometric Sequences
ADD
To get next term
MULTIPLY
To get next term
Arithmetic Series
Sum of Terms
Geometric Series
Sum of Terms
a1 First term
38
an nth term
15
n number of terms
NA Sn sum of n terms
-3
d common difference
an a1 n 1 d
38 x 15 1 3
X = 80
??
an nth term
n number of terms
63
x
Sn sum of n terms
d common difference
an a1 n 1 d
?? 19 63 1 6
?? 353
n
a1 an
2
63
19 353
2
Sn
S63
S63 10521
an nth term
n number of terms
NA Sn sum of n terms
0.5
d common difference
an a1 n 1 d
a16 1.5 16 1 0.5
a16 9
a1 First term
n number of terms
NA Sn sum of n terms
24
d common difference
an a1 n 1 d
633 9 x 1 24
633 9 24x 24
X = 27
Find d if a1 6 and a 29 20
-6
a1 First term
20 an nth term
29
n number of terms
NA Sn sum of n terms
x
d common difference
an a1 n 1 d
20 6 29 1 x
26 28x
13
x
14
a1 First term
an nth term
n number of terms
4
NA
x
Sn sum of n terms
d common difference
an a1 n 1 d
5 4 4 1 x
x3
a1 First term
an nth term
5
NA
x
n number of terms
Sn sum of n terms
d common difference
an a1 n 1 d
4 1 5 1 x
3
x
4
a1 First term
an nth term
n number of terms
d common difference
an a1 n 1 d
y 5 x 1 3
n
Sn a1 an
2
x
440 5 y
2
x
440 5 5 x 1 3
2
x 7 3x
440
2
880 x 7 3x
0 3x 2 7x 880
Graph on positive window
X = 16
a1 5
d 11
c 5 11 6
150
d 1
c 20 1 19
an a1 n 1 d a20 20 19 1 39
20
S 20 20 39 10 59 590
2
a1 10,000
d 7500
1, 4, 7, 10, 13
9, 1, 7, 15
6.2, 6.6, 7, 7.4
, 3, 6
35
12
27.2
3 9
2, 4, 8, 16, 32
9, 3, 1, 1/ 3
1, 1/ 4, 1/16, 1/ 64
, 2.5, 6.25
62
20 / 3
85 / 64
9.75
Arithmetic Sequences
Geometric Sequences
ADD
To get next term
MULTIPLY
To get next term
Arithmetic Series
Sum of Terms
Geometric Series
Sum of Terms
a1 r n 1
1.5 geometric r
2
3
2
9 9 3 9 3 3 9 3 3 3
2, 3, , , ,
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
9 27 81 243
2, 3, ,
, ,
2 4 8 16
1
2
If a1 , r , find a9 .
2
3
a1 First term
1/2
an nth term
n number of terms
Sn sum of n terms
NA
r common ratio
2/3
an a1r n1
1 2
2 3
9 1
28
27
128
x
8
8
23
3
6561
-2
an nth term
54
an a1r n1
54 2 x
Sn sum of n terms
NA
r common ratio
27 x 3
3 x
n number of terms
4 1
Find a 2 a 4 if a1 3 and r
2
3
4 8
,
3 9
10
8
a 2 a 4 2
9
9
Find a9 of
2, 2, 2 2,...
a1 First term
2
x
an nth term
n number of terms
Sn sum of n terms
r common ratio
9
NA
r
an a1r n1
2
2 2
x 2
x
x 16 2
9 1
2 2
2
2
2
If a5 32 2 and r 2, find a 2
____, ____, ____,____,32 2
a1 First term
an nth term
32 2
n number of terms
Sn sum of n terms
r common ratio
an a1r n1
NA
2
2 x 2
32 2 x 2
32
32 2 4x
8 2x
5 1
1/4
4
3
NA
x
1
, 1, 4
4
1
, 1, 4
4
1 1 1
Find S7 of ...
2 4 8
a1 First term
1/2
an nth term
NA
n number of terms
Sn sum of n terms
7
x
r common ratio
a1 r n 1
Sn
r 1
1 1 7
1
2 2
x
1
1
2
1 1
2 2
63
64
1 1
1
r 4 8
1 1 2
2 4
1, 4, 7, 10, 13, .
Infinite Arithmetic
3, 7, 11, , 51
Finite Arithmetic
No Sum
n
Sn a1 an
2
a1 r n 1
Sn
r 1
1, 2, 4, , 64
Finite Geometric
1, 2, 4, 8,
Infinite Geometric
r>1
r < -1
No Sum
1 1 1
3,1, , , ...
3 9 27
Infinite Geometric
-1 < r < 1
a1
S
1 r
1 1 1
Find the sum, if possible: 1 ...
2 4 8
1 1
1
2
4
r
1 r 1 Yes
1 1 2
2
a1
S
1 r
1
1
1
2
16 2
r
2 2 1 r 1 No
8
2 2
NO SUM
2 1 1 1
...
Find the sum, if possible:
3 3 6 12
1 1
1
3
6
r
1 r 1 Yes
2 1 2
3 3
a1
S
1 r
2
3
1 3
1
2
2 4 8
...
Find the sum, if possible:
7 7 7
4 8
r 7 7 2 1 r 1 No
2 4
7 7
NO SUM
5
Find the sum, if possible: 10 5 ...
2
5
5
1
2
r
1 r 1 Yes
10 5 2
a1
10
S
20
1
1 r
1
2
50
40
40
32
32
32/5
32/5
50
40
S
450
4
4
1
1
5
5
100
75
75
225/4
225/4
100
100
S
800
3
3
1
1
4
4
Sigma Notation
UPPER BOUND
(NUMBER)
SIGMA
(SUM OF TERMS)
n A
NTH TERM
(SEQUENCE)
LOWER BOUND
(NUMBER)
j 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2
18
j1
2a 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 44
a4
n 0
4
3
2
0.5
0.5
0.5
2
0.5 2 0.5 2 0.5 2
n
33.5
6
b 0
3
5
3
6
5
3
6
5
a1
S
1 r
3
6
5
6
3
1
5
...
15
23
2x 1 2 7 1 2 8 1 2 9 1 ... 2 23 1
x 7
n
23 7 1
Sn a1 an
15 47 527
2
2
19
4b 3 4 4 3 4 5 3 4 6 3 ... 4 19 3
b 4
Sn
n
19 4 1
a
1 n
19 79 784
2
2
3n
n1
16
n1
1
2
n1
n1
n1
20
n1
3 9 27
...
Rewrite the following using sigma notation:
5 10 15
Numerator is geometric, r = 3
Denominator is arithmetic d= 5
NUMERATOR: 3 9 27 ... an 3 3
n1
DENOMINATOR: 5 10 15 ... an 5 n 1 5 an 5n
SIGMA NOTATION:
n1
3 3
n1
5n