Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 3K views

    Acid Base Catalysis

    Uploaded by

    Karan Jeswani
    This document discusses acid-base catalysis, including both specific and general mechanisms. Specific catalysis refers to processes where the specific acid or base of the solvent, such as hydronium in water, catalyzes a reaction through equilibrium prior to the rate-determining step. Only the concentration of the specific acid or base will affect the reaction rate. General catalysis refers to processes where an acid or base, including added acids or bases, is involved in the rate-determining step itself. Therefore, the concentration of any acid or base present will impact the reaction rate. The document provides examples and mathematical expressions to describe the kinetics of these acid-base catalysis mechanisms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Acid Base Catalysis

    Uploaded by

    Karan Jeswani
    3K views13 pages
    This document discusses acid-base catalysis, including both specific and general mechanisms. Specific catalysis refers to processes where the specific acid or base of the solvent, such as hydronium in water, catalyzes a reaction through equilibrium prior to the rate-determining step. Only the concentration of the specific acid or base will affect the reaction rate. General catalysis refers to processes where an acid or base, including added acids or bases, is involved in the rate-determining step itself. Therefore, the concentration of any acid or base present will impact the reaction rate. The document provides examples and mathematical expressions to describe the kinetics of these acid-base catalysis mechanisms.

    Original Description:

    Acid Base Catalysis.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses acid-base catalysis, including both specific and general mechanisms. Specific catalysis refers to processes where the specific acid or base of the solvent, such as hydronium in water, catalyzes a reaction through equilibrium prior to the rate-determining step. Only the concentration of the specific acid or base will affect the reaction rate. General catalysis refers to processes where an acid or base, including added acids or bases, is involved in the rate-determining step itself. Therefore, the concentration of any acid or base present will impact the reaction rate. The document provides examples and mathematical expressions to describe the kinetics of these acid-base catalysis mechanisms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    3K views13 pages

    Acid Base Catalysis

    Uploaded by

    Karan Jeswani
    This document discusses acid-base catalysis, including both specific and general mechanisms. Specific catalysis refers to processes where the specific acid or base of the solvent, such as hydronium in water, catalyzes a reaction through equilibrium prior to the rate-determining step. Only the concentration of the specific acid or base will affect the reaction rate. General catalysis refers to processes where an acid or base, including added acids or bases, is involved in the rate-determining step itself. Therefore, the concentration of any acid or base present will impact the reaction rate. The document provides examples and mathematical expressions to describe the kinetics of these acid-base catalysis mechanisms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 13

    Acid-Base Catalysis

    ContentsGeneral

    mechanisms of acid and base catalyzed


    reactions,
    Rates of acid and base catalyzed reactions,
    Bronsted catalysis correlation of reaction rates with
    acidity functions

    Bronsted Acid-Base
    Catalysis
    In Bronsted acid-Base catalysis a

    proton or
    hydroxide becomes involved in the reaction
    mechanism, lowers the energy of the transition
    state(s), accelerate the reaction, and is
    regenerated at the end of the reaction.

    Types:
    Specific catalysis
    General

    catalysis

    Specific catalysis
    The

    specific acid is defined as the protonated


    form of the solvent in which the reaction is being
    performed.

    Examples: In water, the specific acid is hydronium


    (H3O+).
    In acetonitrile, the specific acid is
    CH3CNH+.
    The specific base is defined as the conjugate
    base of solvent.
    Examples: In water- hydroxide,
    Acetonitrile: -CH2CN.

    Specific-

    acid catalysis refers to a


    process in which the reaction rate
    depends upon the specific acid, not
    upon other acids in the solution.

    Specific-

    base catalysis refers to a


    process in which the reaction rate
    depends upon the specific base, not
    upon other bases in the solution.

    The mathematics of Specific


    Ex.
    Water (H2O)
    catalysis

    If the acid catalysts is involved in an equilibrium prior to the


    rate-determining step, and it is not involved in the ratedetermining step, then the kinetics of the reaction will
    depend solely upon the concentration of the specific acid.

    This is true even if an added acid (such as acetic acid) is


    involved in protonating the reactant.

    The reason for this is that when a prior equilibrium is


    established, the concentration of RH + determines the rate of
    reaction.

    The concentration of RH+ depends upon the pH and the pKa


    of the RH+, and does not depend upon the concentration of
    the acid HA that was added to the solution.

    Kinetics plots of specific


    catalysis

    General catalysis

    Lets consider the case where the proton is involved in the ratedetermining step, not in a prior equilibrium.

    This leads very different experimental observations, and a


    phenomenon called general catalysis.

    When an acid is involved in the rate-determining step, we have


    general acid catalysis, and when base is involved in the ratedetermining step, we have general-base catalysis.

    The terms general and specific often gets confused.

    The term general refers to the fact that any acid or base we
    add to the solution will affect the rate of the reaction, and hence
    the catalysis is quite general.

    The term specific refers to the fact that just one acid or base,
    that from the solvent, affect the rate. The catalysis is therefore
    specific.

    Mathematics of general
    catalysis

    Mechanism

    You might also like

    pFad - Phonifier reborn

    Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

    Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


    Alternative Proxies:

    Alternative Proxy

    pFad Proxy

    pFad v3 Proxy

    pFad v4 Proxy