THE SILK ROAD

PRESENTED BY
DARAKHSHAN

The Silk Road (or Silk Routes) is an extensive

interconnected network of trade routes across the
Asian continent connecting East, South, and
Western Asia with the Mediterranean world, as well
as North and Northeast Africa and Europe

Silk road
actually not a road
which is made up of silk
it is more then a road which merchant use to trade but it has
two laps
1.connect the east Mediterranean to central Asia
2.central Asia to china

 The distance between ancient Rome and

ancient China was about 4,000 miles by
land
silk was the major trade product
which traveled on this road
from china to Rome
SILK ROAD a single road but
the network of multiple routes the gradually
emerged in centuries trade by trade

Silk road

HISTORY OF SILK
ROAD
Silk the most
luxurious fabric
of all, was almost
only made
in China

(THE HISTORY OF SILK ROAD CHINA HIGHLIGHTS Author: Annie Wu

Chinese men goes to different states for trade and

came in contact with Nomadic Tribes of India ,
Greece Egypt but these period was not peaceful
but with warfare the trade and the exchange the
good , ideas and technologies among them

The Silk Road in the Han Dynasty (207 BCE

220 CE)

The caravans were often attacked by small Central

Asian tribes, and in order to assure the safety of
the trade, the Han Government sent General
Zhang Qian (200114 BC) as an envoy to build
relationships with these small nomadic states.

Silk Road in Western Han Dynasty (206 BC24 AD )

Zhang Qian (father of silkroad)

set out his journey to
the Western Regions
twice and opened
up the world-famous
route and
established trade
relations with
those small but
important kingdoms

Ban Chaoand Ban Yong Hans dynasty

diplomates conducted many expedition to the western region he
lived in the Western Regions ( include the central Asia India and some other states
)of china for about 31 years built diplomatic relations with more than 50 small
states for suppress the rebellions ensuring the peace and stability along the Silk
Road China.
( history of silk road traveler china guide www.travelchinaguide.com)

The most significant good carried along this route was not silk, but religion. Buddhism came to China from India this way

The Silk Road in Tang Dynasty

(618A.D 907A.D)
With the establishment of Tang Dynasty,
theSilk Road rose to its peak in history. A
new route had been opened up between
Tibet and the Southern Xinjiang.
In 641, with the marriage of Princess
Wencheng and Songtsan Gampo ( the ruler
of Tibet ), cultural exchanges between
China and Tibet become more closely, and
the Silk Road got a great extension.
754 A.D. census showed that five thousand
foreigners lived in the city; Turks, Iranians,
Indians and others from along the Road, as

Yuan Dynasty (1271-1363)

China became largely dependent
on its silk trade
Genghis Khanconquered all the small states
unified China,and built a large empire under his
rule
1271, the great Mongolian ruler Kublai Khan
established a powerful Mongol Empire Yuan
Dynasty (1271-1368) at Dadu now Beijing
At this period,Marco Polotraveled along the Silk
Road and reached to the Dadu. On his famous
book about his epic journey to Asia, he shared his
experiences along the Silk Road. It also mentioned

Mongol Empire
The Mongol Empire destroyed a
great number of toll-gates and
corruption of the Silk Road
Make the trade easier and safer
than ever before
the Mongolian emperor issued a
special VIP passport known as
"Golden Tablet which entitled
holders to receive food, horses
and guides

Path of silk road

The Silk Road first traveledwestfrom northern China. Then the

part of the Silk Road on land split into two branches. One branch
went northof theTibetan Plateau, and the other branch went
southof it.
After the two parts rejoined, it went in an almost straight line
west through mountains viaTabrizin north Iran and the north tip
of the Syrian Desertto theLevant(Syria, Israel, Palestine). From
there Mediterranean tradingshipstook routes to Italy, and land
routes went north through Anatolia or south toNorth Africa.
The sea route was also called "Silk Road". It ran from South China,
to thePhilippines,Brunei,Siam, Malacca, Ceylon,India,Pakistan,
andIran. In Europe it went betweenIsrael,Lebanon,Egyptand

Goods of silk
road

 China received expensive horses,

and the seeds grapes and other
fruits for wine
Various woolen goods, carpets,
curtains, blankets are came to China
from Central Asia and the East
Mediterranean.
From China caravans carried its
famous Chinese porcelains, silk
spices, Chinese paper
Rome received spices, fragrances,

The Decline of the Route

but mogul empire was decline
The trade on the road declined
sharply till in the 13th century,
when frequent contacts between
East and West. This contact created
a demand for Asian goods in Europe
a demand became the cause of
search for a sea route to Asia. And

The discovery of a sea

route from
Europe to Asia in the
th
late15 Century
With less cost, and danger,
many goods and materials that
the Silk Road could not transfer
were conveyed through the sea

Name of silk road

German geographer
Ferdinand von
Richthofen, in 1877 A.D
a traveler named this
route as 'Seidenstrasse
(silk road) or

Foreign Influence (Great game)

interest in the Silk Road emerged
among
western scholars towards the
end of the nineteenth century. and various
countries started to explore the region.
Emergence of "The "Great Game," period of
strategic conflict between the British, France
and Russian Empires for supremacy in
Central Asia. Central Asia, Persia,
Afghanistan and to the mountain passes of
the Himalayas.

The Great Game in Asia By David Fromkin Published by the Council on Foreign Relation

New silk Road

The
Eurasian Land Bridge
(a railway through
China, Kazakhstan,
Mongolia and Russia)
is sometimes referred
to as the "New Silk
Road
Bradsher, Keith (20 July 2013). "Hauling New Treasure Along the Silk Road". The
New York Times. Retrieved 22 July 2013

China connects new routes with

Kazakhstan, Germany and former
Soviet railway system, South Asia
and also plan the new silk road
from china to Europe

THE NEW SILK ROAD

In 2013, during a visit to Kazakhstan,

Chinese
PresidentXi Jinping
introduced
a plan for creating a New Silk Road
from China to Europe for foreign trade,
ensure stable energy supplies, promote Asian
infrastructure development, and built the Chinese
regional influence.
Mr. Xi hopes to lift the value of trade with more than 40
countries to $2.5 trillion to create a vast network of
railways, energy pipelines, highways, and streamlined
border crossings, both westwardthrough the
mountainous former Soviet republicsand southward,

What are China's initiatives in the

region?
In 2014, Xi concluded deals worth $30 billion with
Kazakhstan, $15 billion with Uzbekistan, and $3
billion with Kyrgyzstan, in addition to spending
$1.4 billion to help revamp the port of Colombo, in
Sri Lanka. By November 2014, China had
announced the creation of a
$40 billion Silk Road Fund.
In 2015 China finalized plans for the Asian
Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), which aims
for $100 billion in initial capital

McBride, James(20150525). What are the potential roadblocks to building the New Silk Road?.Council on Foreign Relations
Back Grounder. Retrieved on February 22, 2016 at 11:36AM from
http://www.cfr.org/asia-and-pacific/building-new-silk-road/p36573

In April 2015 China's Xi announced a

massive$46 billion investment plan
for Pakistani energy and transport
infrastructure. This China-Pakistan
Economic Corridor (CPEC) aims to
link Pakistans Indian Ocean port of
Gwadar to the western Chinese
province of Xinjiang. Concern has
also grown in India over Chinese
investment in Sri Lanka, where
China has expanded
military as well as economic coopera

China Hi-Tech Fair An ideal platform to advance the initiatives

of building a Silk Road economic belt and a 21st century maritime Silk
Road

A EXHIBITION CENTER
New Information Technology
Energy Saving and
Environmental Protection
Electronics
Biotech
Advanced Equipment
Manufacturing
New Energy
Smart City

Roadblocks to building the New Silk

Road
In Myanmar, popular pressure stalled a
planned $20 billion railway between the Myanmar city of
Kyaukpyu and Kunming in China over anger that locals
weren't consulted on the project
Pakistan's Balochistan provinces as well as a
resurgent Taliban in Afghanistan are against

Interest of china

Beijing is advancing
a Chinese-led
globalization that
will challenge U.S.
hegemony both
regionally and
globally.

 Silk Road help the china to

solidify and expand the Chinese
culture, influence. As trade gained
momentum, Chinas influence will
grow as well. For create her
hegemony china have to create
influence on region first
Yan Xuetong, a leading Chinese
scholar, has mentioned that in
order for an aspiring global power
such as China to achieve
hegemony, it needs to first

The String of Pearls

theory suggested by Booz
Allen Hamilton argues
that China will try to
occupy the Indian Ocean
to secure its interests
TheString of
Pearlstheory is a
geopolitical theory
regarding potential

China will have better access to

energy and food, becoming less
dependent on transportation
routes controlled by the US
military.So far, about 80 percent of
Chinas oil imports go through the
strait Malacca, crowded and
under the control of the US
military and non-Chinese
commercial entities. Going
through Gwadar Deep Water Port
in Pakistan will shorten by 85

1.Shanghai and Hong Kong are world

leading cargo hubs.
2.Of the top 10 container ports, 7 are alon
g the Chinese coast.

For Pakistan
Baluchistan's Gwadar port, which is part of
the 3,000 kilometre-long strategic ChinaPakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)

It is near the Persian Gulf and close to the

Strait of Hormuz, through which 40 per cent of
the worlds oil passes.
The CPEC project will include building new
roads, an 1,800-kilometre railway line and a
network of oil pipelines to connect Kashgar in
Chinas western Xinjiang region to the port of
Gwadar.
The project also includes an airport at the port
and a string of energy projects, special
economic zones, dry ports and other
infrastructure.
The estimated cost is expected to be US$75
billion, out of which US$45 billion will ensure
that the corridor becomes operational by 2020.

Impact on India
NEW SILK ROAD CAN BE BENEFICIAL FOR INDIA
IN WAYS
1) better integration with central asian countries,
provided Pakistan allows the usage of its highways
2) AIIB could help India bridge its infrastructure gap

BUT
India has long had its eyes on energy
assets in Central Asia and
Afghanistan

With strong ties to Pakistan, China extends

economic and strategic influence over the Indian
Ocean region where India enjoyed dominant
influence
India may also challenge Chinas OBOR. The article in
Guoji Jinrong Bao says that India still has not expressed
its full support. ALSO that India will be a challenge to
Chinas OBOR. India sees the initiative not as an
opportunity, but as a threat or a form of competition.
Modis administration has even come up with a counter
proposal to the Maritime Silk Road: the so-called Project
Mausam.41 Indias position at the moment is to indulge
Chinas OBOR in other words, to let it proceed while
trying to gain a better understanding of it. But China has
undertaken little research into the Mausam initiative, and

IMPACT ON RUSSIA
On April 14, 2015 Russia became a potential
founder of the AIIB( Asian Infrastructure
Investment BANK ) along with 57 participants
New Silk Road runs around the Russian
Federation. Russia is one of the largest
consumers of Chinese products, and that the
route this project goes directly through the
Russian capital
But also RUSSIA lost the total control over
the central Asia
NEO New Silk Road: Pros and Cons for Russia 10.07.2015 Author: Sofia Pale

Impact on U.S.A
Silk road create a great influence
on USA
It will impact the US dominancy in
the region
Also new silk road is beneficial for
Chinas economy which is not in
the interest of USA

Conclusion
New Silk road will be change the future
of Asia According to the Asian
Development Bank, between 2010 and
2020, Asia needs to invest a total of
around US$8 trillion in national
infrastructure in order to maintain
current levels of economic growth.
However, many Asian countries are
suffering from a large infrastructure
deficit, mainly due to budgetary
constraints and a lack of investment
capital. AND new silk road is a road for

Silk Road help the china

to solidify and expand
the Chinese culture,
influence. As trade gained
momentum, Chinas
influence will grow as
well. For create her