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    MHD 4

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    Sandra Pranjic
    This document discusses Magneto Hydrodynamic (MHD) generators, which generate electricity from the movement of a conductive fluid through a magnetic field. MHD generators were first conceptualized by Michael Faraday in 1832. The document then explains the principles behind MHD generation, including Faraday's Law of electromagnetic induction and the Lorentz force. It describes open-cycle and closed-cycle MHD systems, comparing them to conventional turbo generators. The advantages of MHD systems include high efficiency, less fuel consumption and pollution. However, challenges remain around operating temperatures, insulation materials, and fuel restrictions. Further research is ongoing to address these issues and commercialize MHD technology.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    MHD 4

    Uploaded by

    Sandra Pranjic
    490 views18 pages
    This document discusses Magneto Hydrodynamic (MHD) generators, which generate electricity from the movement of a conductive fluid through a magnetic field. MHD generators were first conceptualized by Michael Faraday in 1832. The document then explains the principles behind MHD generation, including Faraday's Law of electromagnetic induction and the Lorentz force. It describes open-cycle and closed-cycle MHD systems, comparing them to conventional turbo generators. The advantages of MHD systems include high efficiency, less fuel consumption and pollution. However, challenges remain around operating temperatures, insulation materials, and fuel restrictions. Further research is ongoing to address these issues and commercialize MHD technology.

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    This document discusses Magneto Hydrodynamic (MHD) generators, which generate electricity from the movement of a conductive fluid through a magnetic field. MHD generators were first conceptualized by Michael Faraday in 1832. The document then explains the principles behind MHD generation, including Faraday's Law of electromagnetic induction and the Lorentz force. It describes open-cycle and closed-cycle MHD systems, comparing them to conventional turbo generators. The advantages of MHD systems include high efficiency, less fuel consumption and pollution. However, challenges remain around operating temperatures, insulation materials, and fuel restrictions. Further research is ongoing to address these issues and commercialize MHD technology.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    490 views18 pages

    MHD 4

    Uploaded by

    Sandra Pranjic
    This document discusses Magneto Hydrodynamic (MHD) generators, which generate electricity from the movement of a conductive fluid through a magnetic field. MHD generators were first conceptualized by Michael Faraday in 1832. The document then explains the principles behind MHD generation, including Faraday's Law of electromagnetic induction and the Lorentz force. It describes open-cycle and closed-cycle MHD systems, comparing them to conventional turbo generators. The advantages of MHD systems include high efficiency, less fuel consumption and pollution. However, challenges remain around operating temperatures, insulation materials, and fuel restrictions. Further research is ongoing to address these issues and commercialize MHD technology.

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    MHD

    generator

    Uvod
    Magneto HydroDynamic (MHD) system is a nonconventional source of energy which is based upon
    Faradays Law of Electromagnetic Induction, which
    states that energy is generated due to the movement
    of an electric conductor inside a magnetic field.

    Concept given by Michael Faraday in


    1832 for the first time.

    MHD System widely used in advanced

    countries.
    Under construction in INDIA.

    Need of MHDs
    At present a plenty of energy is needed to
    sustain industrial and agricultural production,
    and the existing conventional energy sources
    like coal, oil, uranium etc are not adequate to
    meet the ever increasing energy demands.
    Consequently, efforts have been made for
    harnessing energy from several nonconventional energy sources like Magneto
    Hydro Dynamics(MHD) System.

    Principle Of MHD Power


    Generation
    Faradays law of electromagnetic induction
    When an electric conductor moves across a magnetic field, an
    emf is induced in it, which produces an electric current .

    Lorentz Force

    on the
    charged particle (vector),

    F = q(v B)
    where,
    v = velocity of the particle
    (vector)
    q= charge of the particle
    (scalar)
    B = magnetic field (vector)

    Comparison between a Turbo


    generator and a MHD generator

    Types of
    MHD SYSTEM
    (1)Open cycle System
    (2)Closed cycle System
    (i)Seeded inert gas systems
    (ii) Liquid metal systems

    OPEN CYCLE MHD SYSTEM

    HYBRID MHD STEAM PART


    OPEN CYCLE

    CLOSED CYCLE MHD


    SYSTEM

    DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OPEN


    CYCLE AND CLOSED CYCLE
    SYSTEM
    Open Cycle System

    Working fluid after generating


    electrical energy is discharged
    to the atmosphere through a
    stack .
    Operation of MHD generator is
    done directly on combustion
    products .
    Temperature requirement :
    2300C to 2700C.
    More developed.

    Closed Cycle System

    Working fluid is recycled to the


    heat sources and thus is used
    again.

    Helium or argon(with cesium


    seeding) is used as the working
    fluid.
    Temperature requirement : about
    530C.
    Less developed.

    NEED FOR FURTHER


    RESEARCH

    The MHD channel operates on extreme conditions of


    temperature, magnetic and electric fields .
    So, numerous technological advancements are needed
    prior to commercialization of MHD systems .
    Search is on for better insulator and electrode
    materials which can with stand the electrical, thermal,
    mechanical and thermo-chemical stresses and
    corrosion.

    ADVANTAGES OF MHD
    SYSTEM

    Conversion efficiency of about 50% .


    Less fuel consumption.
    Large amount of pollution free power generated .
    Ability to reach full power level as soon as started.
    Plant size is considerably smaller than
    conventional fossil fuel plants .
    Less overall generation cost.
    No moving parts, so more reliable .

    DISADVANTAGES OF
    MHD SYSTEM

    Suffers from reverse flow (short circuits) of


    electrons through the conducting fluids around the
    ends of the magnetic field.
    Needs very large magnets and this is a major
    expense.
    High friction and heat transfer losses.
    High operating temperature.
    Coal used as fuel poses problem of molten ash
    which may short circuit the electrodes. Hence, oil
    or natural gas are much better fuels for MHDs.
    Restriction on use of fuel makes the operation
    more expensive.

    APPLICATIONS

    Power generation in space craft.

    Hypersonic wind tunnel experiments.

    Defense application.

    CONCLUSION
    The MHD power generation is in advanced stage today
    and closer to commercial utilization. Significant progress
    has been made in development of all critical components
    and sub system technologies. Coal burning MHD
    combined steam power plant promises significant
    economic and environmental advantages compared to
    other coal burning power generation technologies. It will
    not be long before the technological problem of MHD
    systems will be overcame and MHD system would
    transform itself from non- conventional to conventional
    energy sources.

    THANK YOU !!

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