Applets and GUI Event Handling in JAVA

Applets and GUI Event
Handling in JAVA
Applets and applications

An applet is a Java program that runs on a web
page
Applets can be run within any modern browser
You can run applet on appletviewer or in an HTML page.
import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.Graphics;
public class hello extends Applet {
public void paint(Graphics g) {
g.drawString("Hello world!", 50, 25);
}
}
2
The Applet class

To create an applet, you must import
the Applet class
This class is in the java.applet package
The Applet class contains code that

works with a browser to create a
display window
Capitalization matters!
applet and Applet are different names
5
Importing the Applet class

Here is the directive that you need:
import is a keyword
java.applet is the name of the package
A dot ( . ) separates the package from
the class
Applet is the name of the class
There is a semicolon ( ; ) at the end
6
The java.awt package

awt stands for Abstract Window Toolkit
The java.awt package includes classes for:
Drawing lines and shapes
Drawing letters
Setting colors
Choosing fonts
If its drawn on the screen, then java.awt is

probably involved!
Importing the java.awt

package
Since you may want to use many
classes from the java.awt package,
simply import them all:
import java.awt.*;
The asterisk, or star (*), means all

classes
The import directives can go in any
order, but must be the first lines in
your program
8
The applet so far

import java.awt.*;
Your applet class

public class Drawing extends Applet {
}
Drawing is the name of your class
Class names should always be capitalized
extends Applet says that our Drawing is a kind

of Applet, but with added capabilities
Javas Applet just makes an empty window
We are going to draw in that window
The only way to make an applet is to extend

Applet
10
The applet so far

import java.awt.*;
example
we still need to put some code in here...
}
11
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Graphics;
public class hello extends Applet {
String msg;
public void init(){
setBackground(Color.cyan);
setForeground(Color.red);
msg = "Inside init()";
}
public void start()
{setForeground(Color.red);
msg+=" NOW in start";
}
public void paint(Graphics g) {setForeground(Color.red);
msg+=" NOW in paint";
g.drawString(msg, 50, 25);
}
}
12
13
Applet Life Cycle.
14
The paint method

Our applet is going to have a method
to paint some colored rectangles on
the screen
This method must be named paint
paint needs to be told where on the
screen it can draw
This will be the only parameter it needs
paint doesnt return any result

15
The paint method, part 2

public void paint(Graphics g) { }
public says that anyone can use this
method
void says that it does not return a result
A Graphics (short for Graphics

context) is an object that holds
information about a painting
16
It remembers what color you are using

It remembers what font you are using
You can paint on it (but it doesnt
remember what you have painted)
The applet so far

import java.awt.*;
// CIT 591 example
we still need to put some code in here
}
}
17
Colors
The java.awt package defines a class named Color
There are 13 predefined colorshere are their
fully-qualified names:
Color.BLACK
Color.PINK
Color.GREEN
Color.DARK_GRAY Color.RED
Color.CYAN
Color.GRAY
Color.ORANGE
Color.BLUE
Color.LIGHT_GRAY Color.YELLOW
Color.WHITE
Color.MAGENTA
For compatibility with older programs (before

the naming conventions were established),
Java also allows color names in lowercase:
Color.black, Color.darkGray, etc.
18
New colors
Every color is a mix of red, green,
and blue
You can make your own colors:
Color n= new Color( red , green ,
blue )
Amounts range from 0 to 255
Black is (0, 0, 0), white is (255, 255,
255)
We are mixing lights, not pigments
Yellow is red + green, or (255, 255,
19
Setting a color
To use a color, we tell our Graphics g
what color we want:
g.setColor(Color.RED);
g will remember this color and use it

for everything until we tell it some
different color
20
The paint method so far

g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
draw a rectangle
draw another rectangle
}
}
21
Pixels
A pixel is a picture (pix) element
one pixel is one dot on your screen
there are typically 72 to 90 pixels per inch
java.awt measures everything in pixels
22
Javas coordinate system

(0, 0)
(50, 0)
(0, 20)
(50, 20)
(w-1, h-1)
23
Java uses an (x, y) coordinate system

(0, 0) is the top left corner
(50, 0) is 50 pixels to the right of (0, 0)
(0, 20) is 20 pixels down from (0, 0)
(w - 1, h - 1) is just inside the bottom right
corner, where w is the width of the window
and h is its height
Drawing rectangles
There are two ways to draw rectangles:
g.drawRect( left , top , width , height );
g.fillRect(left , top , width , height );
24
The complete applet

import java.awt.*;
// CIT 591 example
g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
g.fillRect(20, 20, 50, 30);
g.fillRect(50, 30, 50, 30);
}
}
25
Chess board
import java.awt.*;
// CIT 591 example
int row, col;
int x,y;
for(row=0;row<8;row++)
{ for(col=0;col<8;col++)
{ x=col*20; y=row*20;
If( (row%2)==(col%2))
else
g.setColor(Color.Black);
g.fillRect(x,y,20,20);
}}}}
26
Some more java.awt

methods
g.drawLine( x1 , y1 , x2 , y2 );
g.drawOval( left , top , width , height );
g.fillOval( left , top , width , height );
g.drawRoundRect( left , top , width , height );
g.fillRoundRect( left , top , width , height );
g.drawArc( left , top , width , height ,
startAngle , arcAngle );
g.drawString( string , x , y );
27
The HTML page

You can only run an applet in an HTML
page
The HTML looks something like this:
<html>
<body>
<h1>DrawingApplet Applet</h1>
<applet code="DrawingApplet.class"
width="250" height="200">
</applet>
</body>
</html>
30
Home assignment submitted by

05/04/16
Software Engineering portion(UML
diagrams including class diagram,
use case diagram and activity
diagram)
Software development life cycle
marks [10]

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Applets and GUI Event

Applets and applications

The Applet class

The Applet class contains code that

Importing the Applet class

The java.awt package

If its drawn on the screen, then java.awt is

Importing the java.awt

The asterisk, or star (*), means all

The applet so far

Your applet class

extends Applet says that our Drawing is a kind

The only way to make an applet is to extend

The applet so far

Applet Life Cycle.

The paint method

paint doesnt return any result

The paint method, part 2

A Graphics (short for Graphics

It remembers what color you are using

The applet so far

For compatibility with older programs (before

g will remember this color and use it

The paint method so far

java.awt measures everything in pixels

Javas coordinate system

Java uses an (x, y) coordinate system

g.fillRect(left , top , width , height );

The complete applet

Some more java.awt

The HTML page

Home assignment submitted by

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