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Variable Valve Timing (VVT)

This document discusses variable valve timing (VVT) systems and how they improve engine performance. It describes different types of VVT technologies, including cam-phasing VVT, variable lift systems, and examples of VVT systems used by various automakers. The document also covers lubricants for internal combustion engines, detailing engine oil specifications and classifications as well as the functions of common oil additives.

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umair
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© © All Rights Reserved
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254 views

Variable Valve Timing (VVT)

This document discusses variable valve timing (VVT) systems and how they improve engine performance. It describes different types of VVT technologies, including cam-phasing VVT, variable lift systems, and examples of VVT systems used by various automakers. The document also covers lubricants for internal combustion engines, detailing engine oil specifications and classifications as well as the functions of common oil additives.

Uploaded by

umair
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Variable Valve Timing (VVT)

Breathing of engine

Multi-valve Technology

Relation between rpm and breathing

What is variable valve timing?

Normal Valve Timing vs Variable Valve


Timing

Variable Valve Timing


(VVT)

Variable Valve Timing


(VVT)

Variable Valve Timing


(VVT)

Variable Lift

Different Types of Variable Valve Timing and


Variable Lift

Cam-Changing VVT + Variable Lift

Example - Honda's VTEC

Variable Valve Timing


(VVT)

Cam Phasing VVT

Variable Valve Timing


(VVT)
Continuous or Discrete
Intake and Exhaust

Variable Valve Timing


(VVT)

Example : BMW's Vanos

Variable Valve Timing


(VVT)

Another Example : Toyota VVT-I

Macro illustration of
the phasing actuator

Variable Valve Timing


(VVT)
Cam-Changing + Cam-Phasing VVT +
Variable Lift
Example: Toyota VVTL-I

Variable Valve Timing


(VVT)

Example 2: Porsche Variocam Plus

Variable Valve Timing


(VVT)

Example 3: Honda i-VTEC

VVT's benefit to fuel consumption and


emission

Continuous Variable Valve Lift (CVVL)

Variable Valve Timing


(VVT)

Example: BMW Valvetronic

Variable Valve Timing


(VVT)

Variable Valve Timing


(VVT)

Example: Nissan VVEL

Variable Valve Timing


(VVT)

Variable Valve Timing


(VVT)

Variable Valve Timing


(VVT)

Example: Toyota Valvematic

Variable Valve Timing


(VVT)

Variable Valve Timing


(VVT)

Lubricants for Internal Combustion


Engines

Four Stroke Engine Oils

General Overview
US Army
Europe (ACEA)
USA (API)
ASIA (ILSAC)
Monogrades 1950s
Multigrades 1960s

Lubricants for Internal Combustion


Engines

Fundamental Principles
Tribological Task
Cylinder
Sludge, Soot, Abraded Particles and Corrosion
Oil Filter
Oil Flow

Viscosity Grades

Lubricants for Internal Combustion


Engines

Lubricants for Internal Combustion


Engines

Performance Specifications
Longer life in spite of higher thermal and
mechanical loads
Improved emission characteristics by a cut in fuel
consumption
Lower oil related particulate emissions
Improved wear protection even in severe
conditions

Lubricants for Internal Combustion


Engines

Lubricants for Internal Combustion


Engines

Formulation Of Engine Oils


Group 1
SN mineral oils with saturates < 90%, S>0.03%
No uniformity

Group 2
HC oils with saturates > 90%, S<0.03%
Fair to good performance in lubricating properties such as
volatility, oxidative stability and extreme pressure wear
control

Lubricants for Internal Combustion


Engines
Group 3
HC oils with saturates>90%; VI>120, S<0.03%
Molecular uniformity, stability, mixing with additives to
form synthetic and semi synthetic oils

Group 4
Polyalphaolefins
Chemically engineered synthetic base
With additives offer excellent performance over a wide
range of lubricating properties
Very stable chemical compositions and highly uniform
molecular chains

Lubricants for Internal Combustion


Engines
Group 5
Esters, Polyesters and others
Not used as base oils themselves, but add beneficial
properties to other base oils.

Lubricants for Internal Combustion


Engines

Additives
Performance Additives
Antioxidants
Phenols, amines, phosphites and sulfurized substances
Additives retard the degradation of the stock oil
byoxidation.

Anti-wear agents
Metal dithiophosphate and carbamate
Cause a film to surround metal parts, helping to keep
them separated

Lubricants for Internal Combustion


Engines
Detergents
Ca and Mg sulfonates, phenolates and salicylates
To clean and neutralize oil impurities which would
normally cause deposits (oil sludge) on vital engine parts.

Dispersants
Polyisobutylene and ethylene-propylene oligomers with
nitrogen and or oxygen as a functional group
Keep contaminants (e.g.soot)suspended in the oil.

Lubricants for Internal Combustion


Engines
Friction modifiers
Alcohols, esters, fatty acid amides

Anti-misting agents
Silicone and acrylate
Prevent theatomizationof the oil.

Viscosity Improvers
Alkyl methacrylate

Lubricants for Internal Combustion


Engines
Soot Handling
Piston Cleanliness
Ring Sticking
Black Death at Camshaft
Black Sludge
Wear
TBN Depletion
Fuel Efficiency
Oil Consumption

Lubricants for Internal Combustion


Engines

Turbocharger Deposit

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