Lecture 10 - Reproductive System

Medical Terminology
A Living Language
Chapter 10
Reproductive System
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Female Reproductive System

at a Glance
Functions
of Female Reproductive System
Produces ova
Provides location for fertilization
Provides location for development of fetus
Secretes female sex hormones
Produces milk to nourish infant



at a Glance
Organs
of Female Reproductive System
Ovaries
Fallopian tubes
Uterus
Vagina
Vulva
Breasts




Female Combining Forms

amni/o
cervic/o
chori/o
colp/o
culd/o
embry/o
episi/o
fet/o
amnion
neck, cervix
chorion
vagina
cul-de-sac
embryo
vulva
fetus



gynec/o
hymen/o
hyster/o
lact/o
mamm/o
mast/o
men/o
metr/o
woman, female
hymen
uterus
milk
breast
breast
menses, menstruation
uterus



nat/o
oophor/o
ov/o
ovari/o
perine/o
salping/o
uter/o
vagin/o
vulv/o
birth
ovary
egg
ovary
perineum
fallopian tubes, uterine tubes
uterus
vagina
vulva


Female Suffixes
arche
cyesis
gravida
para
partum
salpinx
tocia
beginning
state of pregnancy
pregnancy
to bear (offspring)
childbirth
fallopian tube
labor, childbirth


Figure 10.10 Photograph illustrating the development of an embryo. (Petit

Format/Nestle/Photo Researchers, Inc.)

Figure 10.11 Photograph illustrating the development of a fetus. (Petit Format/Nestle/Photo Researchers, Inc.)


Word Building with amni/o & cervic/o

otomy
amniotomy
incision into amnion
tic
amniotic
pertaining to amnion
rrhea
amniorrhea
flow from amnion
ectomy
cervicectomy
surgical removal of cervix
al
cervical
pertaining to cervix
endo itis endocervicitis

inflammation inside cervix

Word Building with

chori/o, colp/o, embry/o, and episi/o
nic
chorionic
pertaining to chorion
scope
colposcope
instrument to view
inside vagina
nic
embryonic
pertaining to embryo
rrhaphy
episiorrhaphy
suture of vulva


Word Building with

fet/o, gynec/o, and hymen/o
al
fetal
pertaining to fetus
ologist
gynecologist
female specialist
ectomy
hymenectomy
surgical removal of
hymen


Word Building with

hyster/o, lact/o, and lapar/o
pexy
hysteropexy
surgical fixation of uterus
rrhexis
hysterorrhexis
rupture of uterus
ic
lactic
pertaining to milk
rrhea
lactorrhea
milk discharge
otomy
laparotomy
incision into abdomen
scope
laparoscope
instrument to view inside

abdomen


Word Building with mamm/o & mast/o

gram
mammogram
X-ray record of breast
ary
mammary
pertaining to breast
plasty
mammoplasty
surgical repair of breast
algia
mastalgia
breast pain
itis
mastitis
inflammation of breast
ectomy
mastectomy
removal of breast


Word Building with men/o

a rrhea
amenorrhea
lack of menstrual flow
dys rrhea
dysmenorrhea
painful menstrual flow
oligo rrhea
oligomenorrhea scanty menstrual flow
rrhagia
menorrhagia

rapid menstrual flow

Word Building with metr/o & nat/o

endo itis
endometritis
inflammation within uterus
peri itis
perimetritis
inflammation around uterus
rrhea
metrorrhea
flow from uterus
rrhagia
metrorrhagia
rapid flow from uterus
neo
neonate
newborn
neo
ologist
neonatologist specialist in newborn


Word Building with

oophor/o, ovari/o, and salping/o
itis
oophoritis
inflammation of ovary
an
ovarian
pertaining to ovary
cyesis
salpingocyesis
fallopian tube pregnancy
ectomy salpingectomy
removal of fallopian tube
itis
inflammation of fallopian tube
salpingitis


Word Building with uter/o and vagin/o

ine
uterine
pertaining to uterus
al
vaginal
pertaining to vagina
itis
vaginitis
inflammation of vagina


Word Building with cyesis & gravida

pseudo
pseudocyesis
false pregnancy
nulli
nulligravida
no pregnancies
primi
primigravida
first pregnancy
multi
multigravida
multiple pregnancies


Word Building with para & partum

nulli
nullipara
no births
primi
primipara
first birth
multi
multipara
multiple births
ante
antepartum
before birth
post
postpartum
after birth


Word Building with salpinx & tocia

hemato
hematosalpinx
blood in fallopian tube
pyo
pyosalpinx
pus in fallopian tube
dys
dystocia
difficult labor and childbirth



Vocabulary
atresia
congenital lack of normal body opening
barrier
contraception
prevents sperm from meeting ovum;

condom, diaphragms
colostrum
thin fluid secreted by breast after

delivery before actual milk appears
fraternal twins
develop from two different ova fertilized

by two different sperm
gynecology
(GYN)
diagnosis and treatment of diseases of

female reproductive system



Vocabulary
hormonal
contraception
using hormones to block ovulation; no

ovum to fertilize; pills, patch, implant
identical twins
develop from the splitting of a single

fertilized ovum
infertility
unable to produce children; no pregnancy

after properly timed intercourse for one
year
intrauterine
device (IUD)
device inserted into uterus to prevent

pregnancy from establishing
meconium
first bowel movement of newborn


Figure 10.14 Shape of two different intrauterine devices (IUDs). (Jules Selmes
and Debi Treloar/Dorling Kindersley Media Library)


Vocabulary
neonatology
diagnosis and treatment of diseases of

the newborn
obstetrics
(OB)
diagnosis and treatment of women during

pregnancy and childbirth
premenstrual symptoms appear just prior to menstrual

syndrome
period; irritability, headache, tender
(PMS)
breasts, and anxiety
puberty
beginning of menstruation and

reproductive years


Ovary Pathology
ovarian carcinoma malignant tumor of the ovaries
ovarian cyst
cysts developing in the ovaries; may

rupture causing pain and bleeding


Uterus Pathology
cervical cancer
malignant tumor of the cervix
endometrial
cancer
malignant tumor of the lining of the

uterus
fibroid tumor
benign fibrous tumor in the uterus
menometrorrhagia
excessive bleeding during menstrual

period or between menstrual periods
prolapsed uterus
fallen uterus; may cause cervix to

protrude through vaginal opening


Figure 10.15 Common sites for the development of fibroid tumors.


Vagina Pathology
candidiasis
yeast infection of mucous membrane

lining of vagina
cystocele
bladder presses backwards on

vaginal wall
rectocele
rectum presses forward on vaginal

wall
toxic shock
syndrome (TSS)
staphylococcus infection occurring in

menstruating women; associated
with prolonged wearing of superabsorbent tampon


Pelvic Cavity Pathology

endometriosis
occurs when endometrial tissue

flows backwards from uterus through
fallopian tubes and into pelvic cavity
pelvic
inflammatory
disease
bacterial infection that has spread

through female reproductive tract
and out into pelvic cavity


Breast Pathology
breast cancer
malignant tumor of the breast tissue
fibrocystic breast
disease
appearance of fibrous tumors in

breast tissue; no association with
cancer


Figure 10.16 Comparison of breast cancer (A) and fibrocystic disease (B).

Pregnancy Pathology
abruptio
placentae
placenta tears away from uterine wall

prior to delivery of baby
eclampsia
convulsions and coma occurring in

woman in late stages of pregnancy
hemolytic
disease of the
newborn (HDN)
occurs when mother is Rh and baby

is Rh+; mothers antibodies cross the
placenta and attack babys blood;
older name is erythroblastosis fetalis


Pregnancy Pathology
placenta previa
placenta forms low in the uterus

overlying the opening to the cervix
preeclampsia
metabolic disease of pregnancy; may

result in true eclampsia; symptoms
include hypertension, headaches, and
edema; also called toxemia


Figure 10.17 Placenta previa.


Pregnancy Pathology
prolapsed
umbilical cord
if umbilical cord emerges from birth

canal before baby does, it will become
pinched between babys head & vaginal
wall, cutting off blood flow to baby
spontaneous
abortion
unplanned loss of pregnancy early in

gestation; commonly called a
miscarriage
stillbirth
death of a fetus of viable age; occurs

shortly before or at time of delivery


Clinical Laboratory Tests

PAP smear
scraping of cervical cells is examined for

early signs of cervical cancer
pregnancy
test
chemical test to determine a pregnancy

during first few weeks


Diagnostic Imaging
X-ray of uterus and fallopian
hysterosalpingography
tubes after injecting dye in
(HSG)
through cervix
mammography
X-ray of breast for detection of

breast cancer
use of ultrasound waves to

pelvic ultrasonography produce image of pelvic organs
or a fetus within the uterus


Endoscopic Procedures
colposcopy
examination of the vagina using a

colposcope
culdoscopy
examination of pelvic cavity behind the

uterus using a culdoscope introduced
through an incision in the vaginal wall
laparoscopy
examination of the pelvic cavity and

organs using a laparoscope introduced
through an incision just below the navel


Figure 10.18 A laparoscopic examination; uterus is visible below probe, ovary is at tip of
probe, and fallopian tube along left side. (Southern Illinois University/Photo Researchers, Inc.)


Obstetrical Diagnostic Procedures

removal of amniotic fluid using a needle;
fluid can be used to determine fetal
amniocentesis
maturity and developmental and genetic
disorders
Apgar score
evaluates newborns adjustment to

outside environment; observes color,
heart rate, respiratory rate, muscle tone,
and response to stimulus


Obstetrical Diagnostic Procedures

chorionic villus
removal of a small piece of chorion for
sampling
genetic analysis
(CVS)
fetal
monitoring
electronic equipment on mothers

abdomen or fetuss scalp to check heart
rate during labor and delivery


Additional Diagnostic Procedures

cervical
biopsy
removing a piece of cervical tissue to

examine for cancer
endometrial
biopsy
(EMB)
removing a sample of endometrial tissue

to examine for cancer
pelvic
examination
physical exam of vagina and adjacent

organs; a speculum is used to open the
vagina


Figure 10.19 A speculum.


Surgical Treatments
cesarean section
(CS, C-section)
surgical delivery of baby through

abdominal incision
conization
removal of a core of cervical tissue
dilation & curettage dilation of cervix and scraping away

(D&C)
of endometrial lining
episiotomy
incision of perineum to widen birth

canal during delivery


Surgical Treatments
lumpectomy
removal of breast lump and tissue

immediately surrounding it
simple mastectomy removal of breast tissue

radical mastectomy
removal of breast tissue plus chest

muscles and axillary lymph nodes


Surgical Treatments
elective abortion
legal termination of an early

pregnancy
therapeutic
abortion
termination of a pregnancy for the

health of the mother


Surgical Treatments
total abdominal
hysterectomybilateral salpingooophorectomy
(TAH-BSO)
removal of the entire uterus, cervix,

both fallopian tubes, and both
ovaries through an abdominal
incision
vaginal
hysterectomy
removal of the uterus through vagina

rather than an abdominal incision
tubal ligation
surgical tying off of fallopian tubes to

prevent conception



Pharmacology
abortifacient
terminates a pregnancy
Mifeprex,
Prostin E2
fertility drug
triggers ovulation
Clomid,
Gonal-F
hormone
replacement estrogen after
Cenestin,
replacement
menopause or loss of
Premarin
therapy (HRT) ovaries



Pharmacology
oral
contraceptive
pills (OCPs)
prevents conception by
blocking ovulation
Ortho-Cept,
Lo/Ovral
oxytocin
improves uterine
contractions during labor
and delivery
Pitocin,
Syntocinon



Abbreviations
AB
abortion
AI
artificial insemination
BSE
breast self-examination
CS, C-section
cesarean section
CVS
chorionic villus sampling
Cx
cervix
D&C
dilation and curettage



Abbreviations
EDC
estimated date of confinement
EMB
endometrial biopsy
ERT
estrogen replacement therapy
FEKG
fetal electrocardiogram
FHR
fetal heart rate
FHT
fetal heart tone
FSH
follicle stimulating hormone



Abbreviations
FTND
full term normal delivery
GI, grav I
first pregnancy
GYN, gyn
gynecology
HCG, hCG
human chorionic gonadotropin
HDN
hemolytic disease of the newborn
HPV
human papilloma virus
HRT
hormone replacement therapy
HSG
hysterosalpingography



Abbreviations
IUD
intrauterine device
IVF
in vitro fertilization
LBW
low birth weight
LH
luteinizing hormone
LMP
last menstrual period
NB
newborn
OB
obstetrics
OCPs
oral contraceptive pills



Abbreviations
PAP
Papanicolaou test
PI, para I
first birth
PID
pelvic inflammatory disease
PMS
premenstrual syndrome
TAH-BSO
total abdominal hysterectomy-bilateral

salpingo-oophorectomy
TSS
toxic shock syndrome
UC
uterine contraction


Male Reproductive System at a Glance

Functions
of Male Reproductive System
Produces sperm
Delivers sperm to female reproductive tract
Secretes male sex hormones


Male Reproductive System at a Glance

Organs
of Male Reproductive System
Testes
Epididymis
Vas deferens
Seminal vesicle
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral gland
Penis




Male Combining Forms

andr/o
balan/o
crypt/o
epididym/o
orch/o
orchi/o
orchid/o
male
glans penis
hidden
epididymis
testes
testes
testes


Male Combining Forms

prostat/o
spermat/o
testicul/o
varic/o
vas/o
vesicul/o
prostate
sperm
testes
varicose veins
vas deferens
seminal vesicle


Male Suffixes
spermia
condition of sperm


Figure 10.21 Electronmicrograph of human sperm. (Juergen Berger, Max-Planck Institute/Science Photo
Library/Photo Researchers, Inc.)


Word Building with andr/o & balan/o

gen
androgen
male producing
pathy
andropathy
male disease
itis
balanitis
inflammation of glans penis
plasty
balanoplasty
surgical repair of glans penis
rrhea
balanorrhea
discharge from glans penis


Word Building with epididym/o & orch/o

ectomy
epididymectomy removal of epididymis
al
epididymal
pertaining to epididymis
itis
epididymitis
inflammation of epididymis
an ism
anorchism
condition of no testes


Word Building with orchi/o & orchid/o

ectomy
orchiectomy
removal of testes
otomy
orchiotomy
incision into testes
plasty
orchioplasty
surgical repair of testes
ectomy
orchidectomy
removal of testes
pexy
orchidopexy
surgical fixation of testes


Word Building with prostat/o &

spermat/o
itis
prostatitis
inflammation of prostate
ectomy
prostatectomy
removal of prostate
ic
prostatic
pertaining to prostate
ic
spermatic
pertaining to sperm
lysis
spermatolysis
destruction of sperm


Word Building with testicul/o &

vesicul/o
ar
testicular
pertaining to testes
ar
vesicular
pertaining to seminal
vesicles


Word Building with spermia

a
aspermia
condition of no sperm
oligo
oligospermia
condition of scanty sperm


Male Reproductive System Vocabulary

erectile
dysfunction
(ED)
inability to engage in sexual intercourse

due to inability to maintain an erection;
also called impotence
sterility
inability to father children due to a

problem with spermatogenesis


Testes Pathology
cryptorchidism
failure of testes to descend into

scrotum before birth
hydrocele
accumulation of fluid around testes or

along spermatic cord
testicular
carcinoma
malignant tumor of testes
testicular torsion
twisting of spermatic cord
varicocele
varicose veins of the spermatic cord


Prostate Gland Pathology

benign prostatic
hypertrophy
(BPH)
noncancerous enlargement of
prostate gland; common in older men
prostate cancer
malignant tumor of prostate gland


Penis Pathology
epispadias
congenital opening of urethra on dorsal

surface of penis
hypospadias
congenital opening of urethra on

underside of penis
phimosis
narrowing of prepuce; constricts glans

penis
priapism
persistent and painful erection; caused

by pathology, not sexual stimulation


Sexually Transmitted Disease

chancroid highly infections non-syphilitic venereal ulcer
chlamydia bacterial genital infection in males & females
genital
herpes
viral infection that appears like blisters
genital
warts
warts on the genitalia of both males &

females; caused by a virus
gonorrhea bacterial infection of mucous membranes of

(GC)
males & females


Sexually Transmitted Disease

human
sexually transmitted virus that attacks
immunodeficiency
immune system
virus (HIV)
sexually
transmitted
disease (STD)
disease usually acquired as a result

of sexual intercourse; formerly called
venereal disease (VD)
syphilis
chronic bacterial infection; attacks

multiple organs including brain
trichomoniasis
genitourinary infection caused by a

protist in both males and females


Clinical Laboratory Tests

prostate-specific blood test to screen for prostate
antigen (PSA)
cancer
semen analysis
part of fertility workup; analyzed for

number, swimming strength, and
shape


Additional Diagnostic Tests

digital rectal
manual examination for enlarged prostate
exam (DRE)


Surgical Procedures
castration
removal of testes
circumcision
removal of prepuce
orchidopexy
surgical fixation to pin undescended

testes in scrotum
sterilization
process of rendering a male or

female unable to conceive children


Surgical Procedures
transurethral resection
removal of prostate tissue by
of prostate (TUR,
inserting device through urethra
TURP)
vasectomy
removal of a segment of vas

deferens to prevent sperm from
ejaculating
vasovasostomy
reconnects ends of vas deferens

to reverse a vasectomy


Figure 10.23 A vasectomy.


Male Reproductive System

Pharmacology
androgen therapy
replacement of male
hormones
Andronate,
DepAndro
antiprostatic
agents
shrinks benign
prostatic hypertrophy
Proscar,
Avodart
erectile
temporarily produces
dysfunction agents erection
Viagra, Cialis
spermatocide
Semicid,
Ortho-Gynol
destroys sperm



Abbreviations
BPH
benign prostatic hypertrophy
DRE
digital rectal exam
ED
erectile dysfunction
GC
gonorrhea
GU
genitourinary
PSA
prostate-specific antigen



Abbreviations
RPR
rapid plasma reagin (test for syphilis)
SPP
suprapubic prostatectomy
STD
sexually transmitted disease
TUR
transurethral resection
TURP
transurethral resection of prostate
VD
venereal disease



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Medical Terminology

Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Female Reproductive System

of Female Reproductive System

Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition

Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Female Reproductive System

of Female Reproductive System

Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition

Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition

Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Female Combining Forms

Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition

Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Female Combining Forms

Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition

Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Female Combining Forms

Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition

Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition

Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 10.10 Photograph illustrating the development of an embryo. (Petit

Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition

Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Word Building with amni/o & cervic/o

incision into amnion

flow from amnion

surgical removal of cervix

endo itis endocervicitis

Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition

inflammation inside cervix

Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Word Building with

Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition

Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Word Building with

Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition

Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Word Building with

surgical fixation of uterus

incision into abdomen

instrument to view inside

Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition

Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Word Building with mamm/o & mast/o

X-ray record of breast

surgical repair of breast

Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition

Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Word Building with men/o

lack of menstrual flow

painful menstrual flow

oligomenorrhea scanty menstrual flow

Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition

rapid menstrual flow

Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Word Building with metr/o & nat/o