Floods

Disaster profile & Disaster management procedure in India

PLANNING & MANAGEMENT FOR DISASTERS

Submitted by:
K.Amruta
Karunakar
Lavanya
Mani shankar
Supraja
Shameer
VI th sem ,JNA&FAU

Over view

Definitions for disaster and floods

Objectives
Types of floods
Causes of floods
Floods impacts
Methodology
Flood forecasting
Flood management
Flood zoning
Case study(Vijayawada)

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Floods- Disaster Managment

Disaster
Disaster is a natural or human ,
caused phenomenon, which
causes serious disruption of the
functioning of a community or a
society causing widespread
human, material, economic and
environmental losses which
elicited the ability of the affected
community, society to cope using
its resources.
Floods are a common feature in the
country that occur every year in
many parts including South India.
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Floods- Disaster Managment

FLOODS

FLOODS
FLOODS ARE
ARE NATURAL
NATURAL PHENOMENA.
PHENOMENA.
FLOODS
FLOODS ARE
ARE WATER
WATER RELATED
RELATED DISASTER
DISASTER
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Floods- Disaster Managment

OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
To identify the causes of floods
To describe the overall impact of
flooding
To formulate a strategy for the flood
affected areas in Vijayawada, with
reference to

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MITIGATION,
PREPAREDNESS,
RESPONSE,
RECOVERY.
Floods- Disaster Managment

INTRODUCTION
A flood occurs when the Geomorphic
Equilibrium in the river system is
disturbed because of intrinsic or
extrinsic factors or when a system
crosses the geomorphic threshold.
(a) Flooding in a river due to aggradation
of river bed (intrinsic threshold);
(b) Flooding in a river due to heavy
rainfall (extrinsic threshold)

Floods in major cities

especially during rainy season
are proving to disastrous not
only to the environment but
also have serious implications
for human life and property.

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Floods- Disaster Managment

Source: FLOOD DISASTERS

AND MANAGEMENT

TYPES OF FLOODS

Types of floods
Flash floods
River floods
Coastal Floods
Urban Flood

According to their duration flood can be divided into

different categories:
Slow-Onset Floods: Slow Onset Floods usually last for a relatively longer
period, it may last for one or more peeks, or even months.
Rapid-Onset Floods: Rapid1Onset Floods last for a relatively shorter period,
they usually last for one or two days only.
Flash Floods: Flash Floods may occur within minutes or a fe1w hours after
heavy rainfall, tropical storm, failure of dams or levees or releases of ice
dams. And it causes the greatest damages to society.

The time from peak rainfall to

peak discharge is the LAG TIME.

The discharge
starts to fall
slowly as water is
added from
through flow and
groundwater
flows which are
much slower.

The soil becomes

saturated and
overland flow
and through flow
reach the river
and discharge
increases.
Overland flow
arrives first.

Start of the storm there

is a slow rise in
discharge, as only a
small amount of water
falls into the channel

Rainfall is
intercepted or
infiltrated into the
soil moisture store

The base flow

supplies the river
with water between
storms and keeps it
flowing in summer.

Contd.
Natural

Storm Surge,
Tsunami, Glacial Melt,
Landslide, Riverine,
Estuarine & Marine Flood

Eg: bursting of landslide

blockades in the
catchment areaof the
Bhagirathi River in
August 1978 (Gupta and
Dave, 1982).

Man made

Breach of
Dam/ Barrage/
Embankment
Release from
Reservoir,
Urban Flood

Eg: In the year

2009,Almatti and
Naryanpur dams on the
Krishna River in
Karnataka. This water
along with rain water
reached Andhra Pradesh
near the Srisailam dam.
It causes a hevy floods in
andhrapradesh

Floods

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Causes of floods

VEGETATION COVER
This varies seasonally. The type
and amount will affect
interception and
stemflow/throughfall. Overland
flow is reduced. Lag time will be
increased.
CLIMATE
The distribution of rainfall
over the year and the
temperatures will affect the
lag times.

ROCK TYPE
Impermeable rocks prevent
groundwater flow and encourage
through flow and overland flow.
These rocks will decrease lag time.
Permeable rock will have the
opposite effect.

FACTORS

SLOPES
Steep slopes will
encourage overland
flow and gentle slope
will slow run off down.

RAINFALL INTENSITY &

DURATION
Intense rain will increase
overland flow and reduce lag
times. Gentle rain over a
longer time will allow more
infiltration.

LAND USE
Impermeable surfaces
created by urbanisation
will reduce infiltration
and encourage
overland flow.
Different types of crops
affect interception
rates e.g. cereals 715%.

LAKES & RESERVOIRS

These will store floodwater
and thus reduce lag time and
control river response to
heavy rainfall.

SOIL TYPE & DEPTH

Deep soils store
more water, pipes in
the soil encourage
through flow. Soils
with small pore
spaces will reduce
infiltration and
increase overland
flow.

FLOODS IMPACTS

Human Loss
Property Loss
Affects the Major Roads
Disruption of Air / Train / Bus services
Spread of Water-borne Communicable
Diseases
Communication Breakdown
Electricity Supply Cut off
Economic and Social Disruption
Increase in Air / Water Pollution

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Flood forecasting

Anticipating floods before they occur allows for precautions to

be taken and people to bewarned so that they can be
prepared in advance for flooding conditions.
For example,

Farmers can remove animals from low-lying areas and utility services can
put in place emergency provisions to re-route services if needed.
Emergency services can also make provisions to have enough resources
available ahead of time to respond to emergencies as they occur.

In order to make the most accurateflood

forecastsforwaterways, it is best to have a long time-series of
historical data that relatesstream flowsto measured past
rainfall events
Radarestimates of rainfall and generalweather
forecastingtechniques are also important components of good
flood forecasting.

Flood Control

In many countries around the world, waterways prone to floods are

often carefully managed. Defences such aslevees, bunds,reservoirs,
andweirsare used to prevent waterways from overflowing their
banks.
In theriparian zonenear rivers and streams,erosion
controlmeasures can be taken to try and slow down or reverse the
natural forces that cause many waterways tomeanderover long
periods of time.
Flood controls, such asdams, can be built and maintained over time
to try and reduce the occurrence and severity of floods as well.

Flood benefits

Floods (in particular more frequent or smaller floods) can also

bring many benefits, such as
Rechargingground water,
Making soil morefertileand increasingnutrientsin some soils.

Flood waters provide much needed water resources

inaridandsemi-aridregions where precipitation can be very
unevenly distributed throughout the year.
Freshwater floods particularly play an important role in
maintainingecosystemsin river corridors and are a key factor in
maintainingfloodplainbiodiversity.
Flooding can spread nutrients to lakes and rivers, which can lead
to increasedbiomass and improvedfisheriesfor a few years.
For some fish species, an inundated floodplain may form a highly
suitable location forspawningwith fewpredatorsand enhanced
levels of nutrients or food.
Fish, such as theweather fish, make use of floods in order to reach
new habitats. Bird populations may also profit from the boost in
food production caused by flooding.

Floods- Disaster Managment

16

Hyderabad(Musi river)
.Brief review of floods with the help of secondary
sources of data
Urban Regions with more than 3 million population.
Visakhapatnam and Vijayawada(case study area)
urban region.
Brief review of floods with the help of secondary
sources of data.
Urban regions with more than 5 million population
Mumbai, Assam, Jammu and Kashmir and Bihar.
Brief review of floods with the help of secondary
sources of data

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Local
Perspecti
ve

Regional
Perspecti
ve

National
perspecti
ve:

METHODOLO
GY:

NATIONAL PERSPECTIVE
Floods in
India

Floods cause damage to houses, industries, public utilities

and property resulting in huge economic losses, apart from
loss of lives.

Though it is not possible to control the flood disaster totally,

by adopting suitable structural and non-structural measures
the flood damages can be minimised.
Parameters

Area liable to Floods

(million Ha.)

Total Damage

Rs.13,400 million

Area Affected

8.11 million hectare

Crop Area Affected

3.57 million hectare

Human Lives Lost

1579 Nos.

Cattle Lost

95,000 Nos.

Flood prone zones , areas in

INDIA

Major River Floods in

2002

The areas in red are where river floods have occurred .

Analysis over years

INDIA

FLOOD PRONE AREA

BIHAR
BIHAR
12.71%
12.71%

WEST
ASSAM
WEST BENGAL
BENGAL
ASSAM
7.91%
9.40%
7.91% ORISSA
9.40%
ORISSA
4.18%
4.18%

UTTAR
UTTAR PRADESH
PRADESH
21.90%
21.90%

OTHER
OTHER
STATES
STATES
43.9%
43.9%

FLOOD MANAGEMENT

1999

AREA IN M.Ha.

AREA AFFECTED BY FLOODS

YEAR

RUPEES IN CRORE

FLOOD DAMAGE IN INDIA

DURING

YEAR

Total flood damage state wise and

for the union territory of Delhi

The macro-flood zones

of India may be broadly
grouped into the
following zones:

(a) Brahmaputra River

Basin,

(b) Ganga River Basin,

(c) North-West Rivers

Basin, and

(d) Central India and

Deccan Rivers Basin.

2012 Brahmaputra floods

This was another sorrow caused to Assam in recent years.
In July 2012, Brahmaputra and its tributaries showed its
wrath and since it was natural but it grabs a spot at number
2 and eye-catching event because the main area which was
affected included Kaziranga National Park, a park which is
the natural habitat of Rhinos. It cause a death of 540
animals including 13 Rhinos. The main reasons behind this
calamity is the deforestation in the area of passing by of
Brahmaputra.

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2010 Ladakh Floods.

It was 6th August 2010, when the series of
natural disasters started to take place in
Ladakh, a regional part of J&K (Jammu and
Kashmir). It was accompanied with cloudburst,
debris flows and Flash floods from Himalayan.
Causality was less than 300 but a great loss of
property was reported. Areas of Leh were also
affected and it caused a loss of total Rs. 133
crores INR.

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2005 : Maharashtra flood

This was the major and the most
devastating disaster occurred in
Maharashtra, mainly engulfing areas of
Mumbai, Chiplun, Khed, Kalyan, Ratnagiri
and Raigad. The main problem arose with
the people on the road and which caused a
traffic jam and with it came the loss of
people. A total of 5000 people were
reported for the death toll. The date 26 July
2005 has been marked as one the BLACK
DAY in the history of Mumbai.

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2004 Bihar Flood

Being considered as a flood prone area, Bihar is
again in the list because of 2004 flood which it
suffered. It was stated that a total of 883 people lost
their lives and more than 3000 animals were killed.
One of the most horrifying disaster caused almost a
loss of Rs. 1,03,049.60 Lakh. Rivers, primarily,
Gandak, Kosi, Mahananda, Bagmati, Budhi had
already crossed the red mark while on the other hand
Ganga first time in its history crossed the red mark in
Farrakka Barrage.

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STATE PERSPECTIVE
Latest reports said 150
villages in Srikakulam,
Visakhapatnam, Krishna,
Guntur and the east and west
Godavari districts were
submerged. Around 67,000
people had been evacuated.
Crops spread over 2.5 lakh
hectares of farmland were
under water and schools
remained shut.(2012)

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30

Contd
City name

Rivers or streams

Floods

Vishakhapatnam

Visakha Sarada,
Gosthani,
Champavathi,
Tandava

2005(cyclone),
2004(tsunami)

Vijayawada

Krishna
Vira,
Munneru
Budameru

2006 (Ogni
cyclone), 2004
(Tsunami) 1977 / 78
/90 / 96 (Cyclones)
1983/ 86 /98 /
2005 (Krishna),
1977 (Diviseema
Floods)

Thammileru

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31

Local Perspective of
Floods
23RD AND 24TH AUGUST, 2000
24cm rainfall for 24 hours
77 slums washed away
35,000 affected
142 people killed
90 residential areas under water (10 15 feet)
More than 100 colonies submerged in water
28th September, 1908
15,000 people killed
19,000 houses demolished
80,000 dwellings demolished
Average flood water level 15 20 feet
Construction of Osman Sagar (1914), Himayat Sagar (1927).
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Approaches & measure for

long , short term protection
from floods in India

Attempts to modify the floods: involves flood protection by

physical measures such as
Construction of embankments
Construction of detention reservoirs
Channel improvements etc.

Attempts to modify the susceptibility to flood damage:

involves action designed to reduce the vulnerability of
property and other developmental activities in the flood
plains to the flood hazard
Attempts to modify the loss burden: Consists of actions to
modify the incidence of losses, by spreading them over a
large segment of community.
Bearing the loss: Bearing the loss means living with floods

MEASURES

FLOOD MANAGEMENT
APPROACH
FLOODS CAN NOT BE
ABSOLUTELY CONTROLLED
FLOODS CAN ONLY BE MANAGED
TO REDUCE FLOOD LOSSES

INCREASED VULNERABILITY
CAUSES

INDISCRIMINATE
INDISCRIMINATE ENCROACHMENT
ENCROACHMENT
INCREASING
INCREASING ECONOMIC
ECONOMIC AND
AND
DEVELOPMENTAL
DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITIES IN
IN FLOOD
FLOOD
PLAINS
PLAINS

LACK
LACK OF
OF REGULATIONS
REGULATIONS

INADEQUATE
INADEQUATE DRAINAGE
DRAINAGE SYSTEM
SYSTEM

INADEQUATE
INADEQUATE MAINTENANCE
MAINTENANCE

LACK
LACK OF
OF DISASTER
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
PREPAREDNESS

FLOOD MANAGEMENT
STRATEGIES
MODIFY THE FLOODS
MODIFY THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO
FLOOD DAMAGE
MODIFY THE LOSS BURDEN
BEAR THE LOSS

FLOOD PLAIN ZONING

WATER SUPPLY
I

III

II

III

II

I
FACTORY

HOSPITAL
GOVT. OFFICE

POWER HOUSE
PARK

RESIDENTIAL AREA

UNIVERSITY

FREQUENT FLOOD
FLOOD ONCE IN 25 YEARS
FLOOD ONCE IN 100 YEARS

NORMAL CHANNEL

FLOOD PLAIN ZONING

WARNING
WARNINGRESTRICTIVE
RESTRICTIVEPROHIBITIVE
PROHIBITIVE RESTRICTIVE
RESTRICTIVE WARNING
WARNING
II
II
III
II
II
II
III
II
RIVER
RIVER CHANNEL
CHANNEL

FLOOD FORECASTING AND

WARNING

STEPS

DATA
DATA COLLECTION
COLLECTION

DATA
DATA TRANSMISSION
TRANSMISSION

DATA
DATA ANALYSIS
ANALYSIS &
& FORECAST
FORECAST

FORMULATION
FORMULATION

DISSEMINATION
DISSEMINATION OF
OF FORECAST
FORECAST

FLOOD FORECASTING
DATA COLLECTION
HYDROLOGICAL
HYDROLOGICAL
RIVER
RIVER WATER
WATER LEVEL
LEVEL
RIVER
RIVER DISCHARGE
DISCHARGE

HYDROMETEOROLGICAL
HYDROMETEOROLGICAL
RAINFALL
RAINFALL
OTHER
OTHER RECIPITATION
RECIPITATION
eg.
eg. SNOW,
SNOW, HAIL
HAIL ETC.
ETC.

FLOOD FORECASTING
DATA TRANSMISSION
WIRELESS

SATELLITE

TELEPHONE

TELEGRAPH

FAX

FLOOD FORECASTING
DATA
DATA ANALYSIS
ANALYSIS &
& FORECAST
FORECAST FORMULATION
FORMULATION

CORRELATION
MATHEMATICAL
MODELS

FLOOD FORECASTING
DISSEMINATION
CIVIL
CIVIL AUTHORITY
AUTHORITY

FORECAST
FORECAST

OTHER
OTHER AGENCIES
AGENCIES
PRESS,
PRESS, A
A II R
R
DOORDARSHAN
DOORDARSHAN

OTHER
OTHER USERS
USERS
LOCAL
LOCAL REPRESENTATIVES
REPRESENTATIVES

FLOOD
FLOOD FORECASTING
FORECASTING AND
AND WARNING
WARNING
PRESENT
PRESENT SYSTEM
SYSTEM -- SCHEMATIC
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
DIAGRAM

WEATHER
WEATHER FORECASTS
FORECASTS

RIVER
RIVER
RIVER STAGE
STAGE &
&
RIVER STAGE
STAGE &
&
DISCHARGE
DISCHARGE
DISCHARGE AT
AT
DISCHARGE AT
AT
BASE
BASE STATION
STATIONFORECASTING
FORECASTING STATIONS
STATIONS

REGIONAL
REGIONAL OFFICES
OFFICES
OF
OF I.M.D.
I.M.D.
F.M.O
F.M.O OF
OF I.M.D
I.M.D

C.E.,
C.E., S.E.
S.E.

PRESS
PRESS RADIO
RADIO
P
P&
& TTDOORDARSHAN
DOORDARSHAN
POLICE
POLICE

FLOOD
FLOOD
COMMITTEE
COMMITTEE

REGIONAL
REGIONAL OFFICES
OFFICES
OF
OF I.M.D.
I.M.D.
F.M.
F.M. O.
O. OF
OF I.M.D
I.M.D

FLOOD
FLOOD FORECASTING
FORECASTING
CENTRES
CENTRES &
& CONTROL
CONTROL
ROOMS
ROOMS
FORMULATION
FORMULATION OF
OF
CWC
CWC HQ
HQ
FORECAST
FORECAST
STATE
STATE GOVT.
GOVT.
CONTROL
CONTROL ROOM
ROOM

RAINFALL
RAINFALL

MINISTRY
MINISTRY OF
OF WR
WR
CIVIL
CIVIL AUTHORITIES
AUTHORITIES
ENGG.
ENGG. AUTHORITIES
AUTHORITIES

DEFENCE
DEFENCE

INDUSTRIES
INDUSTRIES

RAILWAYS
RAILWAYS

FLOOD MANAGEMENT

Use of Remote Sensing and GIS

Research and Development
Weather / Rainfall Forecasting
FF Modelling
Capacity Building
International Cooperation

INDIA
INDIA

FLOOD FORECASTING STATIONS

85

27
17

15

GANGA BPUTRA GODAVARI WEST

EASTERNKRISHNAMAHANADI BARAK
FLOWING RIVERS

INDIA
INDIA

FLOOD FORECASTING STATIONS

35
32

23

14
11

A
P

.
A
D
A
R
N
. B RAT ISS
T
A
W
H
A
H
R
J
S
K
O
A
R
GU
A
R
JH
M

N
DE C T
LH
I
HA
RY
AN
A

A
S
S

RN

H
BI

AR

KA

UP

M
P

KA
UT
AN TA
CH R
AL
D
NH &

11

TA

15

FLOOD MANAGEMENT
ACTIVITIES
During
flood

Pre flood

Post
flood

FLOOD PLAIN ZONING

CONCEPT
AN
AN IMPORTANT
IMPORTANT NON-STRUCTURAL
NON-STRUCTURAL MEASURE.
MEASURE.
REGULATES
REGULATES LAND
LAND USE
USE IN
IN FLOOD
FLOOD PLAINS
PLAINS TO
TO
RESTRICT
RESTRICT DAMAGE
DAMAGE BY
BY FLOODS.
FLOODS.
INVOLVES
INVOLVES DEMARCATION
DEMARCATION OF
OF ZONES
ZONES IN
IN FLOOD
FLOOD
PLAINS
PLAINS COMPATIBLE
COMPATIBLE WITH
WITH FLOOD
FLOOD RISKS
RISKS INVOLVED.
INVOLVED.

FLOOD PLAIN ZONING

ZONE REGULATION
PRIORITY
PRIORITY -- II
ACTIVITY
ACTIVITY

LIMITED
LIMITED

CORRESPONDING
CORRESPONDING

TO
TO

TO
TO
100
100

WATER
WATER
YEARS
YEARS

LEVELS
LEVELS
FLOOD
FLOOD

FREQUENCY
FREQUENCY AND
AND DRAINAGE
DRAINAGE CONGESTION
CONGESTION FOR
FOR 50
50
YEARS
YEARS RAINFALL.
RAINFALL.

FLOOD PLAIN ZONING

ZONE REGULATION

PRIORITY
PRIORITY -- II
II

ACTIVITY
ACTIVITY LIMITED
LIMITED TO
TO LEVELS
LEVELS CORRESPONDING
CORRESPONDING TO
TO
25
25 YEARS
YEARS FLOOD
FLOOD FREQUENCY
FREQUENCY AND
AND DRAINAGE
DRAINAGE
CONGESTION
CONGESTION FOR
FOR 10
10 YEARS
YEARS RAINFALL
RAINFALL FREQUENCY
FREQUENCY..

FLOOD PLAIN ZONING

ZONE REGULATION
PRIORITY
PRIORITY -- III
III
LESS
LESS ECONOMIC
ECONOMIC AND
AND COMMUNITY
COMMUNITY
ACTIVITY
ACTIVITY IN
IN AREAS
AREAS VULNERABLE
VULNERABLE TO
TO
FREQUENT
FREQUENT FLOODS.
FLOODS.

FLOOD MANAGEMENT
FUTURE STRATEGIES

Focused Approach
Basin Wise Action Plan
Flood Plain Zoning
Role of Central Government
Funding of Planned Flood Management Works
Adequacy of Flood Cushion in Reservoirs

National Disaster Management

Guidelines

To minimise vulnerability to floods and consequent loss of lives, livelihood

systems, property and damage to infrastructure and public utilities
Flood damage assessment be made on a realistic and scientific basis and
recorded basin-/sub-basin-wise.
Performance evaluation of a large number of FM schemes be carried out
and their impact on the socio economic development of the protected area
be assessed.
The use of flood plains be regulated and a suitable legislation for flood
plain zoning be enacted and enforced.
Water Resources planning and construction be basin wise and basin
organisations be set up.
Storages in various forms is an important component of the package of
measures for FM and flood space in reservoirs be provided to the extent
feasible and flood control not relegated to a non- priority activity as
against competing water requirements for hydropower and Irrigation
purposes.
International dimensions of problem of floods be kept in mind and the GOI
should play an important role in the matter.
Requisite funds be made available for construction of new and
maintenance of existing works.
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Disaster Managment
55
Emphasis be laid on research,
and training on FM.

CASE STUDY ON
VIJAYAWADA FLOODS

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Satellite map showing river Krishna in

Vijayawada

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LOCATION MAP

Map of India showing AP

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58

Location

The city is situated at the foot of a

low range hills on the northern bank
of the river Krishna with its cardinal
points as 16 31 North latitude and
80 37 East longitude, around 70 km
away from the coast.

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Topographic Details
The land lay of Vijayawada is characterized by four
canals, four hills and the holy river Krishna.
Vijayawada when approached from Guntur is
welcomed by the historic gates across the holy river
Krishna. The way to Machilipatnam runs parallel to
Budamerru canal and crosses two other Canals
There are four major hills:
a) Indrakiladri hill
b) Machavaram
c) Gunadaa Hill
d) Moghalrajapuram hill
e) Gollapalem Gattu Hill
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Krishna River

The River Krishna takes of its origin in the western Ghats at

an elevation of (+) 1336 Mts and runs for a length of about
1400 Km and runs through Vijayawada city and joins at Bay
of Bengal The length of Krishna River up to Prakasam
Barrage is about 1310 km and the length from Prakasam
Barrage to Puligadda Aqueduct is 64.00 kms.
The flow of the river is managed partially by the Nagarjuna
Sagar dam which is located to the west of Krishna District
and Prakasam Barrage which is located at the beginning of
the city.

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Krishna river flow details and distance

of dam to dam
The Krishna Flood bank Above Prakasam Barrage is about 13KM
and
bellow flood bank is 6.40 Km which creates havoc in flood season
which starts from June to December. Water release from barrage
with 4,12,734
to 10,94422 Cusecs is been observed over the years.

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Details of Flood Banks In Krishna

District

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Index plan of Krishna River Flood Banks

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Flood Bank locations

Year Wise observed Maximum

Floods In Krishna River

Reasons for Krishna

Flood
This region receives maximum rainfall both by southwest

and retreating monsoons.

The primary reason for the flooding is the unauthorized
settlements along the river which had taken place due to
lack of planning and enforcement.
Vijayawada is located on the line which separates the deltairrigated lands
Flood bank below barrage is about 6.40 Km which creates
havoc in flood season from June to December.
High Water release at time from barrage with 4,12,734 to
10,94422 Cusecs of water released in various years.
Developmental activities like sluice connectivity to into the
river is causing back water(3 sluices connected into river)
Bund cutting for public private developmental activities (ex:
sluice, storm water drains) approach roads for bigger
vehicles.
Allotting the residential areas officially in flood zone. Ex:

Contd
trespassing the river bunds by people
damage to the river bunds by rodents
Breach occurrence and damages occurred to the
flood bank with slips and erosion.
Negligence and helpless condition making people
to stay at the houses even after passing the
warnings
With little authoritative power over the
settlements along the flood banks, the irrigation
department is unable to attend swiftly in
vulnerable areas.

Vulnerable groups to Krishna

floods

Satellite imagery of vulnerable points at Krishna flood area

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DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE

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Occurrence of disaster in
Vijayawada (year wise)

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MITIGATION
Mitigation measures are very important phase of disaster management. They
will help to reduce the loss and increase the capacity of people in managing the
disasters.
The potential forecast outlook can be translated into early warning messages and
initiate preventive/preparedness actions.
As per the building byelaws 1981, no permission to construct a building on site
shell be granted , if the site is with in 9 meters of the highest water mark of a
tank
Further the authority may require the floor of the lowest styorey of such building
to be raised above the normal minimum flood level of the adjoining to ground or
to such other level as the authority may prescribe Shift or restrict the people
living in flood banks to safe place by providing all aminities
Krishna Bund strengthening at Krishna lanka, ranadheevinagar, Bhupesh Gupta
nagar
Krishna bund construction from police colony to yanamala kuduru
Raising the free board of Krishna flood bunds from 1.5 metre to 2 meters.
Shift the habitants of the flood zone of Budameru temporary or permanent to
safe shelters after announcing the warning
Stop plowing / occupying the budameru bund from singh nagar to NSC Bose
nagar

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Contd
Providing Road side rain water drains at banadar road
Providing Road side rain water drains Ayyappanagar Road
Providing Under ground drainage and sewer lines and construction
of sump cum [Pump house
Construction of Flood banks for Krishna River and Budameru Floods
Renovation or construction of safe schools and providing safety
equipment at schools
Provision of Food to lactating mothers and Infants and children
under 6 years reconstruction of rubbish or spoiled roads in many
points of the city to protect form water stagnation
Identify the high milkproduction and other animal or bird production
areas, based on that preference should be given to provide all
measures to those cattle and birds safety and multiplication

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Before the Disaster

During the Disaster

Learn warning signs and

community alert system

During a flood watch

Stockpile emergency building

materials
Install check valves in sewer
traps to
prevent flood waters from backing
up in sewer
drains
Plan and practice an evacuation
route
Have disaster supplies on hand
Develop an emergency
communication plan
in case of separation
Ask an out-of-state relative to
serve as the
"family contact"
Teach family members how and
when to
turn off the gas, electricity, and
water and
teach children how and when to
call 9-1-1
Ask your insurance agent about
flood insurance

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After the Disaster

Don't return home until

authorities express itis safe to do
so
If indoors:
Help neighbors whom may need
Turn on battery operated radio to assistance
get
Use extreme caution when
latest emergency information
entering buildings
Get pre-assembled emergency
Inspect foundations for cracks or
supplies
other
If told to leave, do so
damage and examine walls, floors,
immediately.
doors, and
If outdoors:
windows to make sure that the
Climb to high ground and stay
building is not
there
in danger of collapsing
Avoid walking through any
Watch out for animals, especially
floodwaters.
poisonous
If in a car, turn around and go
snakes, that may have come into
another
your home
way; if your car stalls, abandon it
with flood waters
immediately and climb to higher
Watch for loose plaster and
ground.
ceilings that
During an evacuation:
could fall
If advised to evacuate, do so
Take pictures of damage for
immediately to avoid flooded roads, insurance claims
being sure to follow recommended Look for fire hazards
evacuation routes and listen to
Throw away all food (including
radio for
canned) that
evacuation instructions
has come in contact with flood
waters
Floods- Disaster Managment Pump out flooded basements 76
gradually (~

PREPAREDNESS
State of being ready to react promptly and effectively in
an event of emergency (systematic way approach).
Being prepared for severity vulnerability of the disaster .
Preparedness plan ( a holistic integrated approach)
Specific Region , Area, Purpose
Deploying Officers Incharge To Take Care With
Emergencies
Strategy Development For Activities Likely To Be
Undertaken At A Local Situation( Resource Analysis To
Force)
Identify Government Bodies Which Can Respond
Establishment Of Emergency Operating Centres
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Emergency Operating centre(EOC) /Control room :

An emergency operations center, or EOC, is a central command
and control facility responsible for carrying out the principles of
emergency preparedness and emergency management, or
disaster management functions at a strategic level in an
emergency situation, and ensuring the continuity of operation of
a company, political subdivision or other organization.

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Functions
Dealing with incoming emergency calls and
prioritizing them taking the necessary
information from the caller
Recording details of incidents on computer
systems
Providing necessary advice and guidance
Dispatching an emergency services team to deal
with the incident.
Maintaining contact with the team at the scene
of the incident to keep up to date with the
situation and ensure staff safety.
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Warning Stages

Flood Krishna
1st-Warning - When flood level reaches
12ft. at Prakasam

2nd Warning - When flood level reaches

15 ft. at Prakasam

3rd Warning - When flood level reaches

17 ft. at Prakasam

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RESPONSE
Occurs immediately / during following disaster
Designed to provide emergency assistance to
the victims of the event and reduce the
likelihood of occurrence of secondary damage
5 STAGE PROCESS
1. Notification
2. Immediate public safety
3. Property security
4. Public welfare
5. Restoration
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RECOVERY
Final phase of disaster management cycle
It is the longest phase out of all until system return to
normalcy / nearly to normalcy
2 TYPES
long term
Complete redevelopment of damage
short term
Restoration of vital services like watersupply, social
infrastructure to minimum standards of operation and
safety
Mike announcement of flood discharge and awareness
of people to evacuate the people to be submerged houses.

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Water Supply

Identify the effected areas substitute with good and quality of water.
Keep the stock of Chlorine.
Identify and keep ready the list of sources of water in unaffected areas.
Check and Identification of low lying areas in the ward.
Check the water samples for residual chlorine, microbial substitutes and
treat accordingly.

Duties of Medical Teams in Rehabilitation

Centers

List out the below 5 years age childrens and supply the milk and food
(medicated).
List out the pregnancy ladies and take sufficient medical treatment.
List out the old / unhealthy people and take sufficient medical
treatment.
Arrangements for fogging to control the mosquitoes and flys.

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Shelter Management

Departments women and Child welfare, Revenue, Civil supplies and

Municipal Corporation must play a major role in Shelter management.
Adequate numbers of buildings or open space shall be identified where
relief camps can be set up during emergency and updated in the plan.
The relief camps should provide with adequate provision of drinking water
and bathing, sanitation and essential health-care facilities.
Adequate securing arrangements shall be made by local police.
Adequate lighting arrangements shall be made in the camp area including
at water points, toilets and other common areas by the Municipal
Engineering Department.
Explore the possibility of provision of food through community kitchens,
provision of education through the restoration of schools and anganwadis
in effected areas.

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Duties of Civil Supplies

Necessary free distribution of food shall be made to those who

ever need in the shelter and effected areas.
Wherever possible dry rations shall be provided for home
cooking.
Community Kitchen for mass feeding shall be organized only
for an affected people do not have the means to cooks.
While providing food assistance, local food practices shall be
kept in mind and commodities being provided must be
carefully chosen, in consultation with the affected population.
Food must be of good quality, safe to consume, and
appropriate and acceptable to recipients.
Food distributed should be of appropriate quality and fit for
human consumption.

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Duties of Police Department

City Police officer will make arrangements for providing adequate number
of mobile VHF sets up to sub-division/ward Police stations for meeting the
exigencies.
List out trained persons responsible at sub division and ward level Police
stations for disaster management activities with details of address and
phone numbers. Provide this list to Dist Collector and Municipal
Commissioner and concerned line departments.
Adequate security arrangements shall be made by local police at the
shelters and vulnerable areas.

Duties of Irrigation Department

Flood preparedness plan for the city is to be prepared.

Update and inform about the floods at higher reaches.
Check your stores keep ready Inventory and instruments.
Keep ready the emergency material which ever required at the out falls at
Krishna lanka river bank.
A report on activities and work status of Budameru drain should be
submitted immediately and an office of concerned work must be attended
to the next meeting.

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In Conclusion
While we can never contract
with the future or accurately
predict all of the
consequences of our actions
and policies, policymakers
must extend their thinking
about their impacts and the
impacts of private entities

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