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    Radiation Methods

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    Jan Edward L. Suarez
    Radiation pyrometers measure the thermal energy emitted by an object and calculate its temperature without physical contact. They use optics to collect and focus the emitted energy onto a detector. Filters define the measured wavelength band. Radiation pyrometers can measure very high temperatures or temperatures of inaccessible objects. They relate the measured radiation to temperature using Planck's law of radiation. Optical pyrometers use visible light to measure temperatures around 650°C, while infrared pyrometers have detectors that allow continuous measurement of lower temperatures. Signal conditioning circuits are used to process the sensor signals into temperature readings.

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    Radiation Methods

    Uploaded by

    Jan Edward L. Suarez
    176 views13 pages
    Radiation pyrometers measure the thermal energy emitted by an object and calculate its temperature without physical contact. They use optics to collect and focus the emitted energy onto a detector. Filters define the measured wavelength band. Radiation pyrometers can measure very high temperatures or temperatures of inaccessible objects. They relate the measured radiation to temperature using Planck's law of radiation. Optical pyrometers use visible light to measure temperatures around 650°C, while infrared pyrometers have detectors that allow continuous measurement of lower temperatures. Signal conditioning circuits are used to process the sensor signals into temperature readings.

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    RADIATION METHODS INSTRUMENTATION

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    Radiation pyrometers measure the thermal energy emitted by an object and calculate its temperature without physical contact. They use optics to collect and focus the emitted energy onto a detector. Filters define the measured wavelength band. Radiation pyrometers can measure very high temperatures or temperatures of inaccessible objects. They relate the measured radiation to temperature using Planck's law of radiation. Optical pyrometers use visible light to measure temperatures around 650°C, while infrared pyrometers have detectors that allow continuous measurement of lower temperatures. Signal conditioning circuits are used to process the sensor signals into temperature readings.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    176 views13 pages

    Radiation Methods

    Uploaded by

    Jan Edward L. Suarez
    Radiation pyrometers measure the thermal energy emitted by an object and calculate its temperature without physical contact. They use optics to collect and focus the emitted energy onto a detector. Filters define the measured wavelength band. Radiation pyrometers can measure very high temperatures or temperatures of inaccessible objects. They relate the measured radiation to temperature using Planck's law of radiation. Optical pyrometers use visible light to measure temperatures around 650°C, while infrared pyrometers have detectors that allow continuous measurement of lower temperatures. Signal conditioning circuits are used to process the sensor signals into temperature readings.

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    Radiation Methods

    All of the temperature-measuring methods so

    far discussed require contact between sensing


    element and the hot body. With radiation
    pyrometers, however have no physical
    contact. This enables then to be used for:
    Measurement of very high temperatures
    Measurement of the temperature of
    inaccessible hot body

    Radiation Methods
    Radiation thermometers measure the thermal

    energy emitted by a source and relate this to


    its temperature by means of the Planck law of
    radiation. They consist of optics (generally
    lenses) to collect and focus the emitted energy
    onto a detector. The signal from the detector
    can either be measured directly, or it can be
    converted to a temperature using a system of
    electronics. Filters are usually used to define
    the wavelength or wavelength band over
    which the emitted energy is measured.

    Black Body Radiation


    This is a thermodynamic conceptof a body not

    necessarily black in colour, which not only


    absorbs energy incident upon it but is also the
    best possible of energy.
    To explain further imagine that we have a black
    iron. As we heat a black iron the temperature
    rises and changes its color to red then yellow to
    white.
    The relationship between a non black body
    and a black body is given by emissivity where:

    The power radiated from a molten metal is

    measured and temperature is determined to


    be 15000C, assuming a surface emmisivity of
    0.82. If it is later found that a more accurate
    estimation of emissivity is 0.75, calculate the
    actual temperature of the metal.

    Optical Pyrometers
    Optical pyrometers use the intensity of visible radiation with

    wave lengths in the range 4x10-7m m to 8x10-7 m


    approximately, to measure the temperture of the body. Hence
    they are suitable only for temperatures about 650 0C, which is
    the minimum temperature for radiation to be visible.
    Modern radiation thermometers provide the capability to
    measure within and below the range of the optical pyrometer
    with equal or better measurement precision plus faster time
    response, precise emissivity correction capability, better
    calibration stability, enhanced ruggedness and relatively
    modest cost.
    Optical pyrometers are practically useful for measuring the
    temperatures of very small objects; however they are suitable
    only for manual operation and not for continuous reading.

    Infra-red Pyrometers
    The infra-red pyrometer operates by focusing the infra-

    red radiation from the hot-body on to a temperaturesensing element such as a resistance thermometer or
    thermophile. The focusing system for the the
    pyrometer is similar to a telescope arrangement, so
    that the radiation from the hot source can be focused
    accurately on to the temperature-sensing element.
    Since the temperature is sensed using electrical
    sensors, continuous recording or indicating is possible.
    If the thermocouples are used, care must be taken by
    the manufacturer to ensure that the cold junction is
    well protected from the radiated heat from the source.

    Signal Conditioning
    A common design used for optical pyrometers

    uses a bridge circuit in which the filament lamp


    is connected in one of the arms and the
    balancing galvanometer is calibrated in terms of
    temperature.
    Since infra-red pyrometers use resistance or
    thermocouple temperature sensors, they use
    the same signal conditioning as these devices.
    Portable pyrometers are available with digital
    readout and suitable for battery or mains
    operation.

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