ch23 Statement of Cash Flows

23-1
PREVIEW OF CHAPTER
23
Intermediate Accounting
IFRS 2nd Edition
Kieso, Weygandt, and Warfield
23-2
23
Statement of Cash Flows
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
1. Describe the purpose of the

statement of cash flows.
6. Identify sources of information for a

2. Identify the major classifications of cash

flows.
7. Contrast the direct and indirect

methods of calculating net cash flow
from operating activities.
3. Prepare a statement of cash flows.

4. Differentiate between net income and
net cash flow from operating activities.
5. Determine net cash flows from
investing and financing activities.
23-3
8. Discuss special problems in preparing

a statement of cash flows.
9. Explain the use of a worksheet in
preparing a statement of cash flows.
PREPARATION OF STATEMENT OF CASH

FLOWS
Primary purpose:
To provide information about a companys cash receipts and
cash payments during a period.
Secondary objective:
To provide cash-basis information about the companys
operating, investing, and financing activities.
23-4
LO 1
PREPARATION OF STATEMENT OF CASH

FLOWS
Usefulness of the Statement of Cash Flows
Provides information to help assess:
1. Entitys ability to generate future cash flows.
2. Entitys ability to pay dividends and meet obligations.
3. Reasons for the difference between net income and net
cash flow from operating activities.
4. Cash and noncash investing and financing transactions
during the period.
23-5
LO 1
23
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Describe the purpose of the statement
of cash flows.

2. Identify the major classifications

of cash flows.


23-6

PREPARATION OF STATEMENT
Classification of Cash Flows
Operating
Activities
Investing
Activities
Financing
Activities
Income
Changes in
Investments
and NonCurrent Asset
Items
Changes in
Equity and
Non-Current
Liability Items
Statement Items
23-7
LO 2
Income
Statement
Items
ILLUSTRATION 23-1
Classification of Typical
Cash Inflows and
Outflows
23-8
LO 2
Generally
Investments
and NonCurrent Asset
Items
Generally
Equity and
Non-Current
Liability Items
ILLUSTRATION 23-1
Classification of Typical Cash
Inflows and Outflows
23-9
LO 2
Cash and Cash Equivalents

The basis recommended by the IASB for the statement of
cash flows is actually cash and cash equivalents. Cash
equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments that are
both:
Readily convertible to known amounts of cash, and
So near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of

changes value in (e.g., due to changes in interest rates).
Generally, only investments with original maturities of three

months or less qualify under this definition.
23-10
LO 2
Product
Life
Cycle
23-11
Format of the Statement of Cash Flows

Presentation:
1. Operating activities.
Direct Method
2. Investing activities.
Indirect Method
3. Financing activities.
Report inflows and outflows from investing and financing
activities separately.
23-12
LO 2
Format of the Statement of Cash Flows
ILLUSTRATION 23-2
23-13
LO 2
Steps in Preparation
Three Sources of Information:
1. Comparative statements of financial position.
2. Current income statement data.
3. Selected transaction data.
Three Major Steps:

Step 1.
Determine change in cash.
Step 2.
activities.
Determine net cash flow from operating
Step 3.
Determine net cash flows from investing
and financing activities.
23-14
LO 2
23
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
of cash flows.


flows.


23-15

ILLUSTRATIONS Tax Consultants Inc.

Illustration: Tax Consultants Inc. started on January 1, 2015,
when it issued 60,000 shares of $1 par value common stock
for $60,000 cash. The company rented its office space,
furniture, and equipment, and performed tax consulting
services throughout the first year.
The comparative statements of financial position at the
beginning and end of the year 2015 appear in Illustration 23-3.
Illustration 23-4 shows the income statement and additional
information for Tax Consultants.
23-16
LO 3
ILLUSTRATION 23-3
Comparative statements of financial
position, Tax Consultants Inc., Year 1
23-17
LO 3
ILLUSTRATION 23-4
Income Statement, Tax
Consultants Inc., Year 1
23-18
Additional Information: Examination of

selected data indicates that a dividend of
$14,000 was declared and paid during the year.
LO 3

Step 1: Determine the Change in Cash
ILLUSTRATION 23-3
Comparative statements of financial
position, Tax Consultants Inc., Year 1
23-19
LO 3
23
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
of cash flows.


flows.


net cash flow from operating
activities.
23-20


Step 2: Determine the Net Cash Flow from
Operating Activities
23-21
Company must determine revenues and expenses on a

cash basis.
Eliminate the effects of income statement transactions

that do not result in an increase or decrease in cash.
Convert net income to net cash flow from operating

activities through either a direct method or an indirect
method.
LO 4

Step 2: Determine the Net Cash Flow from
Operating Activities
23-22
ILLUSTRATION 23-5
Net Income versus Net Cash Flow from Operating Activities
LO 4

Increase in Accounts ReceivableIndirect Method
Accounts receivable increased by $36,000 (from $0 to $36,000)
during the year.
Accounts Receivable
1/1/15
Balance 0
Revenues
12/31/15
ILLUSTRATION 23-6
Receipts from customers
89,000
125,000
Balance 36,000
When the Accounts Receivable balance increases, cash receipts

are lower than revenue earned under the accrual basis.
23-23
LO 4

Increase in Accounts ReceivableIndirect Method
Accounts Receivable
1/1/15
Balance 0
Revenues
12/31/15
ILLUSTRATION 23-6
89,000
125,000
Balance 36,000
The increase in accounts receivable is subtracted from net income

to arrive at net cash provided by operating activities.
ILLUSTRATION 23-7
23-24
LO 4

Increase in Accounts PayableIndirect Method
Accounts payable increased by $5,000 during the year.
When accounts payable increase during the year, expenses on an
accrual basis exceed those on a cash basis.
ILLUSTRATION 23-7
23-25
LO 4
23
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
of cash flows.


flows.





23-26
Step 3:
Determine
Net Cash
Flows from
Investing
and
Financing
Activities
TAX CONSULTANTS INC.
Statement Of Cash Flows
For The Year Ended
December 31, 2015
Increase (Decrease) In Cash
ILLUSTRATION 23-8
23-27
ILLUSTRATION 23-3
Step 3:
Determine
Net Cash
Flows from
Investing
and
Financing
Activities
For The Year Ended
December 31, 2015
ILLUSTRATION 23-8
23-28
ILLUSTRATION 23-3
Step 3:
Determine
Net Cash
Flows from
Investing
and
Financing
Activities
For The Year Ended
December 31, 2015
ILLUSTRATION 23-8
23-29
ILLUSTRATION 23-3
Step 3:
Determine
Net Cash
Flows from
Investing
and
Financing
Activities
For The Year Ended
December 31, 2015
ILLUSTRATION 23-8
23-30
ILLUSTRATION 23-3
Statement of Cash Flows2015

ILLUSTRATION 23-8
23-31
Illustration2016
23-32
ILLUSTRATION 23-9
Comparative Statements
of Financial Position, Tax
LO 5
Illustration2016
ILLUSTRATION 23-10
Income Statement, Tax
23-33
LO 5
Step 1: Determine the Change in Cash
ILLUSTRATION 23-9
23-34
LO 5
Step 2: Determine Net Cash Flow from

Operating ActivitiesIndirect Method
ILLUSTRATION 23-9
23-35
Accounts receivable decreased during the period because cash

receipts (cash-basis revenues) are higher than revenues
reported on an accrual basis.
LO 5

To convert net income to net cash flow from operating activities,
the decrease of $10,000 in accounts receivable must be added
to net income.
ILLUSTRATION 23-11
Computation of Net Cash Flow from
Operating Activities, Year 2Indirect Method
23-36
LO 5

ILLUSTRATION 23-9
23-37
When prepaid expenses (assets) increase during a period,

expenses on an accrual-basis income statement are lower
than they are on a cash-basis income statement.
LO 5

To convert net income to net cash flow from operating activities,
the increase of $6,000 must be deduct from net income.
ILLUSTRATION 23-11
23-38
LO 5

ILLUSTRATION 23-9
When accounts payable increase, the company incurred a greater

amount of expense than the amount of cash it disbursed.
23-39
LO 5

Tax Consultants must add the 2016 increase of $35,000 in
accounts payable to net income, to convert to net cash flow
ILLUSTRATION 23-11
23-40
LO 5

ILLUSTRATION
ILLUSTRATION23-10
23-9
Depreciation expense of $21,000 (also represented by the increase

in accumulated depreciation) is a non-cash charge.
23-41
LO 5

Tax Consultants adds depreciation expense back to net
income, to arrive at net cash flow from operating activities.
ILLUSTRATION 23-11
23-42
LO 5

Investing and Financing Activities
ILLUSTRATION 23-9
The company purchased land of $70,000 during the period.

23-43
LO 5

The purchase of land for cash is an investing activity, reported as
a use of cash.
ILLUSTRATION 23-12
Statement of Cash Flows, Tax Consultants Inc., Year 2
23-44
LO 5

ILLUSTRATION 23-9
Tax Consultants acquired an office building using $200,000 cash.

23-45
LO 5

The purchase of a building for cash is an investing activity,
reported as a use of cash.
ILLUSTRATION 23-12
23-46
LO 5

ILLUSTRATION 23-9
Tax Consultants acquired equipment using $68,000 cash.

23-47
LO 5

The purchase of equipment for cash is an investing activity,
reported as a use of cash.
ILLUSTRATION 23-12
23-48
LO 5

ILLUSTRATION 23-9
Tax Consultants acquired received $150,000 from the issuance of

bonds.
23-49
LO 5

The cash received from the issuance of these bonds represents
an inflow of cash from a financing activity.
ILLUSTRATION 23-12
23-50
LO 5

ILLUSTRATION 23-9
Two factors explain the increase in retained earnings: (1) net

income of $134,000 increased retained earnings, and (2) dividends
of $18,000 decreased retained earnings.
23-51
LO 5

Payment of the dividends is a financing activity that involves a
cash outflow.
ILLUSTRATION 23-12
23-52
LO 5
ILLUSTRATION 23-12
23-53
LO 5
23
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
of cash flows.
6. Identify sources of information for


flows.





23-54
Sources of Information for the

1. Comparative statements of financial position.
2. An analysis of the Retained Earnings account.
3. Write-downs, amortization charges, and similar book
entries, such as depreciation, because they have no
effect on cash.
23-55
LO 6
Indirect MethodAdditional Adjustments
ILLUSTRATION 23-17
Adjustments Needed to Determine Net Cash
Flow from Operating ActivitiesIndirect Method
23-56
LO 6
23
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
of cash flows.


flows.

methods of calculating net cash
flow from operating activities.




23-57
Net Cash Flow from Operating Activities

Direct Method
ILLUSTRATION 23-21
Major Classes of Cash Receipts and Payments
23-58
LO 7
Direct Method Example

Drogba Company, which began business on January 1, 2015, has
the following selected statement of financial position information.
ILLUSTRATION 23-19
Statement of Financial Position
Accounts, Drogba Co.
23-59
LO 7
Direct Method Example

Drogbas December 31, 2015, income statement and additional
information are as follows.
ILLUSTRATION 23-20
Income Statement, Drogba
Co.
23-60
Additional Information
(a) Dividends of 70,000 were declared and paid in cash.
(b) The accounts payable increase resulted from the purchase of merchandise.
(c) Prepaid expenses and accrued expenses payable relate to operating expenses. LO 7
Operating Activities Direct Method

Accounts receivable increased 15,000. Thus, cash receipts from
customers are computed as follows.
Illustration 23-22
Accounts Receivable
1/1/15
Balance 59,000
Sales revenue
12/31/15
23-61
765,000
780,000
Balance 15,000
LO 7

Drogba Company reported cost of goods sold on its income
statement of 450,000. In 2015, Drogba Companys inventory
increased 160,000. The company computes purchases as follows.
Cost of goods sold
Add: Increase in inventory
Purchases
450,000
160,000
610,000
Accounts Payable
1/1/15
Purchases
12/31/15
23-62
Balance 0
610,000
Balance 60,000
LO 7

Drogba determines cash payments to suppliers by adjusting
purchases for the change in accounts payable.
Accounts Payable
1/1/15
Payments to suppliers 550,000
Purchases
12/31/15
Balance 0
610,000
Balance 60,000
ILLUSTRATION 23-23
Formula to Compute Cash Payments to Suppliers
23-63
LO 7

Drogba reported operating expenses of 160,000 on its income
statement. To determine the cash paid for operating expenses, it
must adjust this amount for any changes in
prepaid expenses and
accrued expenses payable.
ILLUSTRATION 23-24
Formula to Compute Cash Payments
for Operating Expenses
23-64
LO 7

Prepaid Expenses
1/1/15
Balance 0
12/31/15
Balance 8,000
Accrued Expenses Payable

1/1/15
Balance 0
12/31/15
Balance 20,000
Operating expenses
Add: Increase in prepaid expenses
Deduct: Increase in accrued expenses payable
Cash payments for operating expenses
23-65
160,000
8,000
20,000
148,000
LO 7

The income statement for Drogba shows income tax expense of
48,000. Cash paid for income taxes is computed by taking the
expense and adjusting by the change in the payable.
Income Tax Payable
1/1/15
Payments for income tax
48,000
Income tax expense

12/31/15
23-66
Balance 0
48,000
Balance 0
LO 7

Presentation of the direct method for reporting net cash flow from
operating activities.
ILLUSTRATION 23-26
Operating Activities SectionDirect Method, 2016
23-67
LO 7

When companies use the direct method they are required to
provide in a separate schedule the reconciliation of net income to
net cash provided by operating activities.
ILLUSTRATION 23-26
Operating Activities SectionDirect Method, 2016
23-68
LO 7

A separate schedule reconciling net income to net cash provided
by operating activities is required when using the direct method.
23-69
ILLUSTRATION 23-27
Reconciliation of Net Income to Net Cash
Provided by Operating Activities, 2016
LO 7
23
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
of cash flows.


flows.


8. Discuss special problems in



23-70
SPECIAL PROBLEMS IN STATEMENT

PREPARATION
Adjustments to Net Income
Depreciation and Amortization
Amortization of limited-life intangible assets.
Amortization of bond discount or premium.
Postretirement Benefit Costs
23-71
Company must adjust net income by the difference

between cash paid and the expense reported.
LO 8

Changes in Deferred Income Taxes
Affect net income but have no effect on cash.
Equity Method of Accounting
23-72
Net increase in the investment account does not affect

cash flows.
Company must deduct the net increase from net income

to arrive at net cash flow from operating activities.
LO 8

Loss and Gains
23-73
A loss is added to net income to compute net cash flow

from operating activities because the loss is a noncash
charge in the income statement.
Company reports a gain in the statement of cash flows as

part of the cash proceeds from the sale of equipment
under investing activities, thus it deducts the gain from
net income to avoid double-countingonce as part of net
income and again as part of the cash proceeds from the
sale.
LO 8

Share-Based Compensation
23-74
Cash is not affected by recording the expense.
The company must increase net income by the amount of

compensation expense from share options in computing
LO 8
SPECIAL PROBLEMS
Accounts Receivable (Net)
Indirect Method
Because an increase in Allowance for Doubtful Accounts results from
a charge to bad debt expense, a company should add back an
increase in Allowance for Doubtful Accounts to net income to arrive at
23-75
ILLUSTRATION 23-28
Accounts Receivable Balances, Redmark Co.
LO 8

Indirect Method
One method of presenting this information
in the statement of cash flows:
ILLUSTRATION 23-29
Presentation of Allowance
for Doubtful Accounts
Indirect Method
REDMARK CO.
Statement of Cash Flows (Partial)
For The Year 2014
23-76
LO 8

Indirect Method
Alternate method (net approach) of presenting
this information in the statement of cash flows:
ILLUSTRATION 23-30
Net Approach to
Allowance for Doubtful
AccountsIndirect
Method
REDMARK CO.
Statement of Cash Flows (Partial)
For The Year 2014
23-77
LO 8

Direct Method
Company should not net Allowance for Doubtful
Accounts against Accounts Receivable.
23-78
ILLUSTRATION 23-31
Income Statement,
Redmark Co.
LO 8

Direct Method
ILLUSTRATION 23-31
REDMARK CO.
Income Statement
For The Year 2014
Company should not net Allowance

for Doubtful Accounts against
Accounts Receivable.
ILLUSTRATION 23-32
Bad DebtsDirect
Method
Cash sales should be reported at 85,000 (100,000 - 9,000 - 6,000).

23-79
Increase in Accounts Receivable
LO 8
SPECIAL PROBLEMS
Other Working Capital Changes
Some changes in working capital, although they affect cash,
do not affect net income.
23-80
Purchase of short-term non-trading equity securities.
Issuance of a short-term non-trade note payable for cash.
Cash dividend payable.
LO 8
SPECIAL PROBLEMS
Net Losses
Illustration: If the net loss is 50,000 and the total amount of
charges to add back is 60,000, then net cash provided by
operating activities is 10,000.
ILLUSTRATION 23-33
Operating ActivitiesCash Inflow
23-81
LO 8
Disclosures
Significant Non-Cash Transactions
Common noncash transactions that a company should report
or disclose:
1. Acquisition of assets by assuming liabilities (including
finance lease obligations) or by issuing equity securities.
2. Exchanges of non-monetary assets.
3. Refinancing of long-term debt.
4. Conversion of debt or preference shares to ordinary shares.
5. Issuance of equity securities to retire debt.
23-82
LO 8
23
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
of cash flows.


flows.





23-83
USE OF A WORKSHEET
A worksheet involves the following steps.
Step 1. Enter the statement of financial position accounts and
their beginning and ending balances in the statement of financial
position accounts section.
Step 2. Enter the data that explain the changes in the statement
of financial position accounts and their effects on the statement of
cash flows in the reconciling columns of the worksheet.
Step 3. Enter the increase or decrease in cash on the cash line
and at the bottom of the worksheet. This entry should enable the
totals of the reconciling columns to be in agreement.
23-84
LO 9
GLOBAL ACCOUNTING INSIGHTS

STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
As in IFRS, the statement of cash flows is a required statement for U.S. GAAP.
In addition, the content and presentation of a U.S. GAAP statement of cash
flows is similar to one used for IFRS. However, the disclosure requirements
related to the statement of cash flows are more extensive under U.S. GAAP.
23-85

Relevant Facts
Following are the key similarities and differences between U.S. GAAP and
IFRS related to the statement of cash flows.
Similarities
Both U.S. GAAP and IFRS require that companies prepare a statement of
cash flows.
Both U.S. GAAP and IFRS require that the statement of cash flows should
have three major sectionsoperating, investing, and financingalong with
changes in cash and cash equivalents.
Similar to U.S. GAAP, the cash flow statement can be prepared using either
the indirect or direct method under IFRS. For both U.S. GAAP and IFRS,
most companies use the indirect method for reporting net cash flow from
operating activities.
23-86

Relevant Facts
Similarities
The definition of cash equivalents used in U.S. GAAP is similar to that used
in IFRS.
Differences
Under U.S. GAAP, bank overdrafts are classified as financing activities. A
major difference in the definition of cash and cash equivalents is that in
certain situations, bank overdrafts are considered part of cash and cash
equivalents under IFRS.
23-87

Relevant Facts
Differences
Under U.S. GAAP, companies may present non-cash investing and
financing activities in the cash flow statement. IFRS requires that non-cash
investing and financing activities be excluded from the statement of cash
flows. As indicated in the chapter, these non-cash activities should be
reported elsewhere. This requirement is interpreted to mean that non-cash
investing and financing activities should be disclosed in the notes to the
financial statements instead of in the financial statements.
One area where there can be substantive differences between U.S. GAAP
and IFRS relates to the classification of interest, dividends, and taxes. U.S.
GAAP requires that except for dividends paid (which are classified as a
financing activity), these items are all reported as operating activities. IFRS
provides more alternatives for disclosing these items.
23-88

On the Horizon
Presently, the IASB and the FASB are involved in a joint project on the
presentation and organization of information in the financial statements. With
respect to the cash flow statement specifically, the notion of cash equivalents
will probably not be retained. The definition of cash in the existing literature
would be retained, and the statement of cash flows would present information
on changes in cash only. In addition, the IASB and FASB favor presentation of
operating cash flows using the direct method only.
23-89
COPYRIGHT
Copyright 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted in
Section 117 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the
express written permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
Request for further information should be addressed to the
Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The purchaser
may make back-up copies for his/her own use only and not for
distribution or resale. The Publisher assumes no responsibility for
errors, omissions, or damages, caused by the use of these
programs or from the use of the information contained herein.
23-90

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23-1

Statement of Cash Flows

1. Describe the purpose of the

6. Identify sources of information for a

2. Identify the major classifications of cash

7. Contrast the direct and indirect

3. Prepare a statement of cash flows.

8. Discuss special problems in preparing

PREPARATION OF STATEMENT OF CASH

PREPARATION OF STATEMENT OF CASH

Statement of Cash Flows

6. Identify sources of information for a

2. Identify the major classifications

7. Contrast the direct and indirect

3. Prepare a statement of cash flows.

8. Discuss special problems in preparing

Classification of Cash Flows

Classification of Cash Flows

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Readily convertible to known amounts of cash, and

So near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of

Generally, only investments with original maturities of three

Format of the Statement of Cash Flows

Format of the Statement of Cash Flows

Three Major Steps:

Determine change in cash.

Determine net cash flow from operating

Statement of Cash Flows

6. Identify sources of information for a

2. Identify the major classifications of cash

7. Contrast the direct and indirect

3. Prepare a statement of cash flows.

8. Discuss special problems in preparing

ILLUSTRATIONS Tax Consultants Inc.

ILLUSTRATIONS Tax Consultants Inc.

ILLUSTRATIONS Tax Consultants Inc.

Additional Information: Examination of

ILLUSTRATIONS Tax Consultants Inc.

Statement of Cash Flows

6. Identify sources of information for a

2. Identify the major classifications of cash

7. Contrast the direct and indirect

3. Prepare a statement of cash flows.

8. Discuss special problems in preparing

ILLUSTRATIONS Tax Consultants Inc.

Company must determine revenues and expenses on a

Eliminate the effects of income statement transactions

Convert net income to net cash flow from operating

ILLUSTRATIONS Tax Consultants Inc.

ILLUSTRATIONS Tax Consultants Inc.

Receipts from customers

When the Accounts Receivable balance increases, cash receipts

ILLUSTRATIONS Tax Consultants Inc.

Receipts from customers

The increase in accounts receivable is subtracted from net income

ILLUSTRATIONS Tax Consultants Inc.

Statement of Cash Flows

6. Identify sources of information for a

2. Identify the major classifications of cash