Acyclic Machines

Acyclic Machines
Dr. A Hasib Chowdhury

Dept. of EEE, BUET
September 2014
Acyclic Machine
Voltage induced in armatures of machines studied
so far are alternating, whether machine is ac or dc

Distinguishing feature of acyclic machine is that
voltage induced in its armature is unidirectional

Terminal voltage of acyclic machine is dc without
use of a commutator or other rectifying

arrangement
Acyclic Generators
This generator has two field coils

carrying direct current which
produce magnetic flux along
paths indicated by dashed lines
Armature is a conducting sleeve
mounted on rotor core and
rotating with it
Armature may be regarded either
as a single conductor or as a large
number of conductors of
infinitesimal width connected in
parallel
Generated voltage
e = l .(u
x B)
Cross-sectional view of an
acyclic generator
tangential
velocity,
I direction
effective axial length of armature
uThe
tangential
velocity,
Bofflux,
flux and
density
(assumedof
to be uniform throughout air gap)
orientation
armature conductor mutually
Acyclic Generators
contd.
Acyclic generators generally

have single-conductor armatures
High rpm required for generation
of even moderate values of
voltage
Application restricted to loads
requiring heavy current at low
voltage
To collect high values of current
use large number of brushes
Large number of brushes + high
peripheral speeds high brush
friction loss reduced
Cutaway view of a 10,000-kW 67efficiency, heat dissipation
V 150,OOO A, 3600-rpm acyclic
Problem of brush friction
generator
ameliorated by liquid metal
conductor eutectic alloy of
Acyclic Generators
contd.
Solid iron rotor

Makes rotor a single-conductor armature
Withstands centrifugal forces due to high rotational speed
Typical acyclic-generator arrangement 60 MW

steam turbine drives 6 generators directly connected
to turbine shaft powers a 150,000 A, 400 V line
Each generator rated at 67 V and 150,000
Linear Acyclic Machines

Linear acyclic machines depend for their
operation on linear instead of rotary
motion
Example hydromagnetic
flowmeter
Operating principle a voltage is
generated in conducting liquid passing
through a magnetic field B
Magnetic field produced by
electromagnet or permanent magnet
Velocity u of liquid related to induced
voltage e = L(u x B)
Advantage simplicity no moving
parts within liquid which might be
corrosive
Schematic diagram of
hydrodynamic flowmeter

Conduction Pump
Reverse principle (i.e., motor action)
utilized in pumping liquid metals
sodium, sodium potassium,
bismuth- used in nuclear reactors
Conduction pumps may be dc or ac
Current Is passed through tube walls
and liquid metal contained therein
Current is at right angles to
magnetic field B
Force on a small length of current
path l through which flows a small
current i expressed by
contd.
Schematic diagram of
electro-magnetic pump
conduction pump

Difficult to relate
to total force
on liquid in terms of total electrode
current Is
contd.
Equivalent circuit of a dc
conduction pump
Part of Is flows through tube walls that

enclose liquid
Part of current in liquid flows through
relatively field-free regions near inlet
and outlet of pump
Armature reaction introduces a

further complication can be
minimized by a compensating
winding
Effects of wall and end currents can
be represented in circuit
Is : total applied current

I : current in liquid
R : resistance of liquid metal
within pole region
Rt : resistance between
electrodes of tube wall
Ro : resistance of liquid metal
outside pole region
contd.
Strong similarity between ac and dc pump

Action of ac pump complicated by effects of eddy currents in liquid
metal, tube walls, and compensating windings
AC conduction pump restricted to small power applications
since eddy-current losses increase rapidly with size equivalent of
increasing volume and thickness for eddy-current
loss
2 2
P = Vol (V
)/(12N2A2)
e
AC conduction pump has low power factor larger than dc pump of

similar output
Advantage of ac pump dc supply difficult when thousands of
amperes required at a 1 V level
Suitable source for dc pump acyclic generator, because of its highcurrent output capability at low voltage
In ac pump proper time-phase relationship between B and I must
be maintained for effective operation

Acyclic Machines

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Acyclic Machines

Dr. A Hasib Chowdhury

so far are alternating, whether machine is ac or dc

voltage induced in its armature is unidirectional

use of a commutator or other rectifying

This generator has two field coils

Acyclic generators generally

Solid iron rotor

Typical acyclic-generator arrangement 60 MW

Linear Acyclic Machines

Linear Acyclic Machines

Linear Acyclic Machines

Part of Is flows through tube walls that

Armature reaction introduces a

Is : total applied current

Linear Acyclic Machines

Strong similarity between ac and dc pump

AC conduction pump has low power factor larger than dc pump of

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