Harrington Emerson

HARRINGTON EMERSON
(1853-1931)
THEORY OF EFFICIENCY
IN TIME AND COST SAVING
Group members :
Nabihah Bt Ramli
227280
Nurul Fatin Nabilah Bt Nor Azman
227275
Nur Sabrina Bt Amri
227102
BIOGRAPHY
Name: Harrington Emerson
Date of Birth: 18 August 1853
Place of Birth: Trenton New Jersey
Died: 2 September 1931 (aged 78)
Nationality: American
Married: Florence Brooks (1870)
Mary Crawford Supple (1895)

Education: Technical University Munich (1872-1875)
Discipline: Efficiency Engineering, Mechanical Engineering
Employer(s): University of Nebraska (1876),
Electric Storage Battery Company (1897)
Projects: Management consultancy firm Emerson Institute
in New York City in 1900,
Known for his pioneering contributions toscientific

management
CONTRIBUTION
He is known for his pioneering contributions to
scientific management, where he developed a
contrasting approach to efficiency.
His major contributions were to install his
management methods at many industrial firms
and to promote the ideas of scientific
management and efficiency to a mass audience.
Emerson made scientific management more
acceptable to people.
Open Emerson Company that consulted over 200
corporations
The first books Emerson is Efficiency as a Basis
for Operation and Wages (1909)
The second book which is The Twelve Principle of
Efficiency in (1912).
12 PRINCIPLE OF EFFICIENCY BY
HARRINGTON EMERSON
Understand the mission of the company and the reason of
existence.
Must know what its goals are, what it stands for, and its
relationship with society.
2. COMMON SENSE
Must be practical in its methods and outlook.
3. COMPETENT COUNSEL
Seek wise advice, turning to external experts if it lacks the
necessary staff expertise.
Not so much top-down discipline as internal discipline and selfdiscipline, with workers conforming willingly and readily to the
systems in place.
5. THE FAIR DEAL

Should be treated fairly at all times, to encourage their participation
in the efficiency movement.
6. RELIABLE, IMMEDIATE AND ADEQUATE

RECORD
Measurement over time is important in determining if efficiency
has been achieved.
Workflow must be scheduled greatly so that the processes will

move smoothly.
8. STANDARDS AND SCHEDULES

The establishment of these is fundamental to the achievement of
efficiency.
9. STANDARDIZED CONDITION
Working environment is standardized, in order to reduce the waste
of manpower and money.
Determines the operation method of standardization, in order to

improve work efficiency.
Operations should follow scientific principles, particularly in terms
of planning and work methods.
11. WRITTEN STANDARD-PRACTICE

INSTRUCTIONS
All standards should be recorded in the form of written
instructions to workers and foreman, which details not only the
standards themselves but the methods of compliance.
12. EFFICIENCY REWARD
If workers achieve efficiency, they should be duly rewarded.
ARTICLE/JOURNALS SUMMARY
TITLE: A SHORT HISTORY OF EFFICIENCY

AUTHOR: MORGEN WITZEL
Taylor and Emersons view of efficiency contrasted
Criticism of the line and staff organisation
SUPPORTERS OR FOLLOWERS OF
HARRINGTON EMERSON
Tittle: Worker Participation in the Progressive

Era : An
Assessment by Harrington Emerson
Author: William F.Muhs
the worker should participate in management
Emerson would have rejected any scheme that attempted to replace
the formal authority structure of competent line and staff officers
Tittle: Harrington Emerson Papers, 1848-1931
discovered the biographical or historical of Harrington Emerson and
also his contributions
TITTLE: THE ROLE OF LABOUR VARIANCES IN HARRINGTON

EMERSONS NEW GOSPEL OF EFFICIENCY
AUTHOR: PAUL SUTCLIFFE
Findings:
Emerson was concerned with the development of an information
system relevant to the achievement of scientific efficiency
objectives.
The accounting system was to provide a record of the progress the
efficiency engineers were making in the elimination of those wastes.
Arguments:
Based upon the work of Emerson - provided perhaps the single most
important contribution to the development and formation of
standard costing and variance analysis
Criticisms have arise because the technique is being used in a
manner other than that for which it was intended, by a profesion
with skills other than those for which it was designed.
TITLE: BRANDEISS PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENTIFIC

MANAGEMENT
AUTHOR: OSCAR KRAINES
Supports:
Emerson might serve to defeat the railroads
railroad efficiently well managed and the revenues also
increased
Brandies decide to use the term scientific management

but in the same time he also implements the efficiency
system and combines with the efficiency methods in
the operation
Q & A session

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HARRINGTON EMERSON

Nurul Fatin Nabilah Bt Nor Azman

Nur Sabrina Bt Amri

Date of Birth: 18 August 1853

Place of Birth: Trenton New Jersey

Died: 2 September 1931 (aged 78)

Married: Florence Brooks (1870)

Mary Crawford Supple (1895)

Known for his pioneering contributions toscientific

5. THE FAIR DEAL

6. RELIABLE, IMMEDIATE AND ADEQUATE

Workflow must be scheduled greatly so that the processes will

8. STANDARDS AND SCHEDULES

Determines the operation method of standardization, in order to

11. WRITTEN STANDARD-PRACTICE

TITLE: A SHORT HISTORY OF EFFICIENCY

Taylor and Emersons view of efficiency contrasted

Criticism of the line and staff organisation

Tittle: Worker Participation in the Progressive

TITTLE: THE ROLE OF LABOUR VARIANCES IN HARRINGTON

TITLE: BRANDEISS PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENTIFIC

Brandies decide to use the term scientific management

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